| Competition: | Segunda División |
| Season: | 1955–56 |
| Winners: | Osasuna Jaén |
| Promoted: | Osasuna Jaén España Industrial Zaragoza |
| Relegated: | Plus Ultra |
| League Topscorer: | Rafa Delgado (25 goals) |
| Best Goalkeeper: | Pedro Lasheras (0.9 goals/match) |
| Biggest Home Win: | (22 January 1956) |
| Biggest Away Win: | (20 November 1955) (21 February 1956) (1 April 1956) |
| Highest Scoring: | (23 October 1955) |
| Matches: | 480 |
| Total Goals: | 1607 |
| Prevseason: | 1954–55 |
| Nextseason: | 1956–57 |
The 1955–56 Segunda División season was the 25th since its establishment and was played between 10 September 1955 and 22 April 1956.
32 teams joined the league, including two relegated from the 1954–55 La Liga and 4 promoted from the 1954–55 Tercera División.
| Goalscorers | Goals | Team |
|---|---|---|
 Sabino Andonegui | 24 | Osasuna |
| Luis Aloy | 20 | Oviedo |
| 17 | Ferrol | |
| Telmo Zarra | 17 | Indauchu |
| José Luis Areta | 15 | Osasuna |
| Goalkeeper | Goals | Matches | Average | Team | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pedro Lasheras | 27 | 30 | Zaragoza | ||
| Eusebio Sanz | 25 | 24 | Osasuna | ||
| Fernando de Argila | 28 | 25 | Oviedo | ||
| Martín Lobera | 36 | 26 | Real Santander | ||
| Manuel Sión | 42 | 29 | Real Gijón |
| Goalscorers | Goals | Team |
|---|---|---|
| Rafa Delgado | 25 | Granada |
| Eduardo Sobrado | 23 | Real Betis |
| 20 | España Tánger | |
 Julio Corcuera | 18 | Xerez |
| Botella | 16 | Real Betis |
| Goalkeeper | Goals | Matches | Average | Team | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pedro González | 27 | 26 | Real Betis | ||
| Juan Delgado | 27 | 25 | Jaén | ||
| Pedro Estrems | 31 | 27 | España Industrial | ||
| Florentino López | 36 | 25 | Mestalla | ||
| Martín Rovira | 36 | 25 | Extremadura |