| Election Name: | 1954 U.S. Senate Democratic primary in Georgia |
| Country: | Georgia (U.S. state) |
| Flag Year: | 1920 |
| Type: | Presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Georgia |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Georgia |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | September 8, 1954 |
| Nominee1: | Richard Russell Jr. |
| Electoral Vote1: | 410 |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 619,129 |
| Percentage1: | 100.00% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Richard Russell Jr. |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Richard Russell Jr. |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
The 1954 United States Senate election in Georgia took place on November 2, 1954. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Richard Russell Jr. was re-elected to a fifth term in office.
As was common at the time, the Democratic candidate ran with no opposition in the general election so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election.
The Democratic primary election was held on September 8, 1954. As Russell was unopposed, there was no run-off.
From 1917 until 1962, the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Georgia used a voting system called the county unit system to determine victors in statewide primary elections.[1]
The system was ostensibly designed to function similarly to the Electoral College, but in practice the large ratio of unit votes for small, rural counties to unit votes for more populous urban areas provided outsized political influence to the smaller counties.[2] [3]
Under the county unit system, the 159 counties in Georgia were divided by population into three categories. The largest eight counties were classified as "Urban", the next-largest 30 counties were classified as "Town", and the remaining 121 counties were classified as "Rural". Urban counties were given 6 unit votes, Town counties were given 4 unit votes, and Rural counties were given 2 unit votes, for a total of 410 available unit votes. Each county's unit votes were awarded on a winner-take-all basis.
Candidates were required to obtain a majority of unit votes (not necessarily a majority of the popular vote), or 206 total unit votes, to win the election. If no candidate received a majority in the initial primary, a runoff election was held between the top two candidates to determine a winner.[4]