| Election Name: | 1954 Hessian state election |
| Country: | Hesse |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1950 Hessian state election |
| Previous Year: | 1950 |
| Next Election: | 1958 Hessian state election |
| Next Year: | 1958 |
| Seats For Election: | All 96 seats in the Landtag of Hesse |
| Majority Seats: | 49 |
| Election Date: | 28 November 1954 |
| Turnout: | 2,559,409 (82.4% 17.5pp) |
| Candidate1: | Georg-August Zinn |
| Party1: | Social Democratic Party of Germany |
| Last Election1: | 47 seats, 44.4% |
| Seats1: | 44 |
| Seat Change1: | 3 |
| Popular Vote1: | 1,065,733 |
| Percentage1: | 42.6% |
| Swing1: | 1.8pp |
| Candidate2: | Wilhelm Fay |
| Party2: | Christian Democratic Union of Germany |
| Last Election2: | 12 seats, 18.8% |
| Seats2: | 24 |
| Seat Change2: | 12 |
| Popular Vote2: | 603,691 |
| Percentage2: | 24.1% |
| Swing2: | 5.3pp |
| Candidate4: | August-Martin Euler |
| Party4: | Free Democratic Party (Germany) |
| Seats4: | 21 |
| Seat Change4: | 8 |
| Popular Vote4: | 513,421 |
| Percentage4: | 20.5% |
| Swing4: | New |
| Candidate5: | Gotthard Franke |
| Party5: | All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights |
| Seats5: | 7 |
| Seat Change5: | 1 |
| Popular Vote5: | 192,390 |
| Percentage5: | 7.7% |
| Swing5: | New |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| Government | |
| Before Election: | First Zinn cabinet |
| Before Party: | SPD |
| Posttitle: | Government after election |
| After Election: | Second Zinn cabinet |
| After Party: | SPD–GB/BHE |
The 1954 Hessian state election was held on 28 November 1954 to elect the 3rd Landtag of Hesse. The outgoing government was a majority of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) led by Minister-President Georg-August Zinn.
The election saw the Free Democratic Party (FDP) displaced as the main opposition party by the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). The All-German Bloc/League of Expellees (GB/BHE), which in 1950 ran in alliance with the FDP, won 8%. Modifications to the electoral system saw the SPD deprived of its majority despite only minor losses, and the party formed a coalition with the GB/HBE.
The Landtag was elected via mixed-member proportional representation. 48 members were elected in single-member constituencies via first-past-the-post voting, and 48 then allocated using compensatory proportional representation. A single ballot was used for both. The size of the Landtag was increased in this election from 80 to 96 by the addition of more compensatory seats. An electoral threshold of 5% of valid votes is applied to the Landtag; parties that fall below this threshold are ineligible to receive seats.
See main article: 1950 Hessian state election. In the previous election held on 19 November 1950, the SPD won a majority of seats with 44% of the vote. An alliance of the FDP and GB/BHE made up the second largest group, winning 32%, followed by the CDU on 19%. This represented a major reversal in the two parties' positions compared to 1946. The Communist Party (KPD) narrowly fell below the 5% threshold and lost its seats. Georg-August Zinn became Minister-President in the new SPD majority government.
The table below lists parties represented in the 2nd Landtag of Hesse.
| Name | Ideology | Lead candidate | 1950 result | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes (%) | Seats | |||||||
| bgcolor= | SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany | Social democracy | Georg-August Zinn | 44.4% | |||
| bgcolor= | FDP | Free Democratic Party | Classical liberalism | August-Martin Euler | 31.8% | |||
| bgcolor= | GB/BHE | All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights | National conservatism | Gotthard Franke | ||||
| bgcolor= | CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany | Christian democracy | Wilhelm Fay | 18.8% | |||