| Country: | Brazil |
| Previous Election: | 1950 |
| Next Election: | 1958 |
| Election Date: | 3 October 1954 |
| Seats For Election: | 326 seats in the Chamber of Deputies 42 seats in the Senate |
| Heading1: | Chamber of Deputies |
| Party1: | Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65) |
| Leader1: | Nereu Ramos |
| Percentage1: | 23.13 |
| Seats1: | 114 |
| Last Election1: | 112 |
| Party2: | Brazilian Labour Party (historical) |
| Leader2: | João Goulart |
| Percentage2: | 15.68 |
| Seats2: | 56 |
| Last Election2: | 51 |
| Party3: | National Democratic Union (Brazil) |
| Leader3: | Arthur F. dos Santos |
| Percentage3: | 14.27 |
| Seats3: | 74 |
| Last Election3: | 81 |
| Party4: | Social Progressive Party |
| Leader4: | Adhemar de Barros |
| Percentage4: | 9.35 |
| Seats4: | 32 |
| Last Election4: | 24 |
| Party5: | PR |
| Leader5: | Artur Bernardes |
| Percentage5: | 2.67 |
| Seats5: | 19 |
| Last Election5: | 11 |
| Party6: | National Labour Party (Brazil, 1945–1965) |
| Percentage6: | 2.07 |
| Seats6: | 6 |
| Last Election6: | 5 |
| Party7: | Brazilian Socialist Party |
| Percentage7: | 1.48 |
| Seats7: | 3 |
| Last Election7: | 1 |
| Party8: | PDC |
| Colour8: |
|
| Percentage8: | 1.27 |
| Seats8: | 2 |
| Last Election8: | 2 |
| Party9: | PL |
| Percentage9: | 1.24 |
| Seats9: | 8 |
| Last Election9: | 5 |
| Party10: | PRP |
| Leader10: | Plínio Salgado |
| Percentage10: | 0.76 |
| Seats10: | 3 |
| Last Election10: | 2 |
| Party11: | PRT |
| Percentage11: | 0.71 |
| Seats11: | 1 |
| Last Election11: | 1 |
| Party12: | PST |
| Percentage12: | 0.35 |
| Seats12: | 2 |
| Last Election12: | 9 |
| Party13: | Other parties |
| Percentage13: | 0.49 |
| Seats13: | 6 |
| Heading14: | Senate |
| Party14: | Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65) |
| Leader14: | Nereu Ramos |
| Percentage14: | 13.33 |
| Seats14: | 16 |
| Last Election14: | 6 |
| Party15: | Social Progressive Party |
| Leader15: | Adhemar de Barros |
| Percentage15: | 11.69 |
| Seats15: | 2 |
| Last Election15: | 3 |
| Party16: | National Democratic Union (Brazil) |
| Leader16: | Arthur F. dos Santos |
| Percentage16: | 11.16 |
| Seats16: | 10 |
| Last Election16: | 4 |
| Party17: | Brazilian Labour Party (historical) |
| Leader17: | João Goulart |
| Percentage17: | 8.46 |
| Seats17: | 10 |
| Last Election17: | 5 |
| Party18: | National Labour Party (Brazil, 1945–1965) |
| Percentage18: | 3.50 |
| Seats18: | 1 |
| Last Election18: | new |
| Party19: | PR |
| Leader19: | Artur Bernardes |
| Percentage19: | 0.85 |
| Seats19: | 1 |
| Last Election19: | 11 |
| Party20: | PL |
| Percentage20: | 0.28 |
| Seats20: | 2 |
| Last Election20: | 0 |
Parliamentary elections were held in Brazil on 3 October 1954.[1] The Social Democratic Party remained the largest party in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Voter turnout was 65.5%.[2]