1952 Formula One season explained

The 1952 Formula One season was the sixth season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 3rd World Championship of Drivers, which was contested over eight races between 18 May and 7 September 1952. The season also included several non-championship races and a separate East German Championship.

The Formula One championship rounds were run under Formula Two regulations out of fear for a small number of entrants.[1] [2]

The World Drivers' Championship was won by Alberto Ascari driving for Scuderia Ferrari.[3] The Italian won six out of the seven races he entered.

No British driver or team won a championship round. This would not happen again until .

Teams and drivers

The following teams and drivers competed in the 1952 FIA World Championship of Drivers. The list does not include those that contested only the Indianapolis 500.

EntrantConstructorChassisEngineTyreDriverRounds
AFMAFM-KüchenAFMKüchen 2.0 V8 Hans Stuck1
Toni UlmenVeritasMeteorVeritas 2.0 L6 Toni Ulmen1, 6
Équipe GordiniGordini16
16S
15
Gordini 20 2.0 L6
Gordini 1500 1.5 L4
Jean Behra1, 3–4, 6–8
Robert Manzon1, 3–8
Birabongse Bhanudej1, 3–5
Johnny Claes3
Maurice Trintignant4–8
Écurie RosierFerrari500
166/F2
Ferrari 500 2.0 L4
Ferrari 166 2.0 V12

Louis Rosier1, 3–4, 8
Maurice Trintignant1
HW MotorsHWM-Alta52
51/52
Alta F2 2.0 L4 George Abecassis1
Peter Collins1, 3–6, 8
Lance Macklin1, 3–5, 7–8
Stirling Moss1
Paul Frère3, 6
Roger Laurent3
Yves Giraud-Cabantous4
Duncan Hamilton5, 7
Johnny Claes6
Dries van der Lof7
Scuderia FraneraFrazer-Nash-BristolFN48Bristol BS1 2.0 L6 Ken Wharton1, 3, 7–8
Écurie RichmondCooper-BristolT20Bristol BS1 2.0 L6 Eric Brandon1, 3, 5, 8
Alan Brown1, 3, 5, 8
Scuderia FerrariFerrari500
375S
Ferrari 500 2.0 L4
Ferrari 375 4.5 V12*
Giuseppe Farina1, 3–8
Piero Taruffi1, 3–6, 8
Andre Simon1, 8
Alberto Ascari2–8
Luigi Villoresi7–8
Enrico PlatéMaserati-Platé4CLT/48Platé 2.0 L4 Toulo de Graffenried1, 4–5, 8
Harry Schell1, 4–5
Alberto Crespo8
Écurie EspadonFerrari500
212
Ferrari 500 2.0 L4
Ferrari 166 2.0 V12
Rudi Fischer1, 4–6, 8
Peter Hirt1, 4–5
Rudolf Schoeller6
Hans Stuck8
Alfred DattnerSimca-Gordini11Gordini 1500 1.5 L4 Max de Terra1
Leslie D. HawthornCooper-BristolT20Bristol BS1 2.0 L6 Mike Hawthorn3, 5, 7–8
English Racing Automobiles LtdERA-BristolGBristol BS1 2.0 L6 Stirling Moss3, 5, 7
Écurie FrancorchampsFerrari500Ferrari 500 2.0 L4 Charles de Tornaco3, 7–8
Roger Laurent6
Arthur LegatVeritasMeteorVeritas 2.0 L6 Arthur Legat3
Robin Montgomerie-CharringtonAston-ButterworthNB42Butterworth 2.0 F4 Robin Montgomerie-Charrington3
Tony GazeHWM-Alta52Alta F2 2.0 L4 Tony Gaze3, 5–6, 8
Robert O' BrienSimca-Gordini15Gordini 1500 1.5 L4 Robert O' Brien3
Peter WhiteheadAlta
Ferrari
F2
125/F2
Alta F2 2.0 L4
Ferrari 166 2.0 V12
Peter Whitehead4–5, 8
Graham Whitehead5
Escuderia BandeirantesMaseratiA6GCMMaserati A6 2.0 L6 Philippe Étancelin4
Gino Bianco5–8
Eitel Cantoni5–6, 8
Chico Landi7–8
Jan Flinterman7
Écurie BelgeSimca-Gordini15Gordini 1500 1.5 L4 Johnny Claes4–5
Paul Frère7
Scuderia MarzottoFerrari166/F2Ferrari 166 2.0 V12 Franco Comotti4
Piero Carini4, 6
Archie Bryde
AHM Bryde
Cooper-BristolT20Bristol BS1 2.0 L6 Mike Hawthorn4
Reg Parnell5
W. S. AstonAston-ButterworthNB41Butterworth 2.0 F4 Bill Aston5–6, 8
Connaught EngineeringConnaught-Lea FrancisALea Francis 2.0 L4 Kenneth McAlpine5, 8
Ken Downing5
Eric Thompson5
Dennis Poore5, 8
Stirling Moss8
Écurie ÉcosseCooper-BristolT20Bristol BS1 2.0 L6 David Murray5
G. CapraraFerrari500Ferrari 500 2.0 L4 Roy Salvadori5
Tony CrookFrazer-Nash-BMW421BMW 328 2.0 L6 Tony Crook5
Marcel BalsaBalsa-BMWSpécialBMW 328 2.0 L6 Marcel Balsa6
Fritz RiessVeritasRSVeritas 2.0 L6? Fritz Riess6
Theo HelfrichVeritasRSVeritas 2.0 L6? Theo Helfrich6
Willi HeeksAFM-BMW8BMW 328 2.0 L6? Willi Heeks6
Helmut NiedermayrAFM-BMW6BMW 328 2.0 L6? Helmut Niedermayr6
Adolf BrudesVeritasRSVeritas 2.0 L6? Adolf Brudes6
Motor Presse VerlagVeritasMeteorVeritas 2.0 L6? Paul Pietsch6
Hans KlenkVeritasMeteorVeritas 2.0 L6? Hans Klenk6
Josef PetersVeritasRSVeritas 2.0 L6? Josef Peters6
"Bernhard Nacke"Nacke-BMWHH48[4] BMW 328 2.0 L6? Günther Bechem6
Ludwig FischerAFM-BMW8BMW 328 2.0 L6? Ludwig Fischer6
Willi KrakauAFM-BMW6BMW 328 2.0 L6? Willi Krakau6
Krakau-BMWEigenbau Harry Merkel6
Ernst KlodwigHeck-BMWEigenbauBMW 328 2.0 L6? Ernst Klodwig6
Rudolf KrauseReif-BMWEigenbauBMW 328 2.0 L6? Rudolf Krause6
Ken DowningConnaught-Lea FrancisALea Francis 2.0 L4 Ken Downing7
Officine Alfieri MaseratiMaseratiA6GCMMaserati A6 2.0 L6 Felice Bonetto6, 8
Franco Rol8
José Froilán González8
Élie BayolOSCA20OSCA 2000 2.0 L6 Élie Bayol8
Piero DusioCisitalia-BPMD46BPM 2.0 L4 Piero Dusio8
Vicomtesse de WalckiersSimca-Gordini15Gordini 1500 1.5 L4 Johnny Claes8
* Car entered only in the Indianapolis 500 race

Team and driver changes

Calendar

RoundGrand PrixCircuitDate
1 Swiss Grand PrixCircuit Bremgarten, Bern18 May
2 Indianapolis 500Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Speedway30 May
3 Belgian Grand PrixCircuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot22 June
4 French Grand PrixRouen-Les-Essarts, Orival6 July
5 British Grand PrixSilverstone Circuit, Silverstone19 July
6 German Grand PrixNürburgring, Nürburg3 August
7 Dutch Grand PrixCircuit Zandvoort, Zandvoort17 August
8 Italian Grand PrixAutodromo Nazionale di Monza, Monza7 September

Calendar changes

Regulation changes

Championship report

Race 1: Switzerland

See main article: 1952 Swiss Grand Prix.

For the second successive season, the championship's opening round was the Swiss Grand Prix, held at the Bremgarten Circuit in Bern. Ferrari's lead driver Ascari was absent due to his participation in the Indianapolis 500, so it was left to his teammates Nino Farina and Piero Taruffi to secure the first two places on the grid. Farina led from the start until he retired with magneto failure, leaving Taruffi to win his only championship Grand Prix and take the extra point for the fastest lap. Farina took over the car of his other teammate, Andre Simon, and was battling debutant Jean Behra for second place before both experienced mechanical trouble, Farina again unable to continue. It was, therefore, privateer Rudi Fischer who completed a Ferrari 1–2, with Jean Behra in third for Gordini. Ken Wharton finished fourth driving a Frazer-Nash, the manufacturer's only ever points finish.

Race 2: Indianapolis 500

See main article: 1952 Indianapolis 500.

As usual, the Indianapolis 500 had little bearing on the championship result, although regular Ferrari driver Alberto Ascari did compete, retiring after 40 laps. The race was dominated by Bill Vukovich, who led 150 laps before retiring. It was left to Troy Ruttman to win the race from Jim Rathmann and Sam Hanks.

Race 3: Belgium

See main article: 1952 Belgian Grand Prix.

Ascari returned to Ferrari for round 3 of the championship at Spa-Francorchamps, with Maserati still absent as they developed their A6GCM. The Ferrari cars dominated the weekend, with Ascari taking pole, the race win, and the fastest lap while leading every lap bar one. He was followed home by teammate Nino Farina, and Robert Manzon finished in third for Gordini. Jean Behra again impressed as he led the opening lap before falling behind the Ferrari juggernaut and eventually retiring after an incident with the third Ferrari of Piero Taruffi.

Race 4: France

See main article: 1952 French Grand Prix.

Scuderia Ferrari dominated once again at Rouen, taking all three podium places. Ascari led all the way from pole position to assume the championship lead and achieve his fourth career victory, drawing him level with his teammate Nino Farina who finished second. Piero Taruffi finished third after falling behind the Gordinis of Robert Manzon and Jean Behra at the start. Manzon was the highest Non-Ferrari finisher ahead of his teammate Maurice Trintignant, who drove an older model.

Race 5: Britain

See main article: 1952 British Grand Prix.

Although Ascari again dominated, it wasn't plain sailing for his teammates as Ferrari eventually dominated as they had done throughout the year. The Italian's third consecutive victory strengthened his eventually successful championship challenge as his main competitor, Nino Farina, failed to score despite taking pole position. The third Ferrari of Piero Taruffi dropped down to ninth at the start but eventually recovered to take second place, while a pitstop for new spark plugs meant Farina finished in the sixth position. It was a triumphant day for British cars and drivers, with Mike Hawthorn taking his first podium driving a Cooper-Bristol, while British cars and drivers occupied the other points-paying positions.

Race 6: Germany

See main article: 1952 German Grand Prix.

The belated arrival of the Maserati factory team failed to stop the dominance of Ferrari, with Ascari clinching his first World Title and equalling the injured Juan Manuel Fangio's win record. It was his fourth consecutive victory of the season, again leading every race lap from pole position. He briefly lost the race lead to Farina after pitting for oil, but this is not reflected in the lap charts as he caught and passed his teammate before they crossed the line at the end of the lap. Farina finished second, and privateer Ferrari driver Rudi Fischer finished third ahead of the works car of Taruffi to ensure a Ferrari 1-2-3-4. Jean Behra scored the final points for Gordini just ahead of another Ferrari car, this time driven by Roger Laurent.

Race 7: Netherlands

See main article: 1952 Dutch Grand Prix.

Ascari started from pole position and led from start to finish, taking the fastest lap as well, winning his fifth consecutive Grand Prix and earning his second consecutive Grand Slam, and the third his season and career. In addition, with his victory, Ascari overtook Fangio as the winningest Formula One Driver, although the Argentinian would eventually reclaim the record at the 1955 Argentine Grand Prix. Further down the order, Giuseppe Farina and Luigi Villoresi, also driving for Ferrari, completed the podium, resulting in an Italian 1-2-3 and a 1-2-3 for the Scuderia. As a result, Ascari extended his championship points total to 36, extending his lead to 12 points over second-placed Farina.

Race 8: Italy

See main article: 1952 Italian Grand Prix.

The 80-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Alberto Ascari after he started from pole position. José Froilán González finished second for the Maserati team and Ascari's teammate Luigi Villoresi came in third.

Results and standings

Grands Prix

RoundGrand PrixPole positionFastest lapWinning driverWinning constructorTyreReport
1 Swiss Grand Prix Giuseppe Farina Piero Taruffi Piero Taruffi FerrariReport
2 Indianapolis 500 Fred Agabashian Bill Vukovich Troy Ruttman Kuzma-OffenhauserReport
3 Belgian Grand Prix Alberto Ascari Alberto Ascari Alberto Ascari FerrariReport
4 French Grand Prix Alberto Ascari Alberto Ascari Alberto Ascari FerrariReport
5 British Grand Prix Giuseppe Farina Alberto Ascari Alberto Ascari FerrariReport
6 German Grand Prix Alberto Ascari Alberto Ascari Alberto Ascari FerrariReport
7 Dutch Grand Prix Alberto Ascari Alberto Ascari Alberto Ascari FerrariReport
8 Italian Grand Prix Alberto Ascari Alberto Ascari
José Froilán González
Alberto Ascari FerrariReport

World Championship of Drivers standings

Points were awarded to the top five classified finishers, with an additional point awarded for setting the fastest lap, regardless of finishing position or even classification. Only the best four results counted towards the championship. Shared drives result in half points for each driver if they finished in a points-scoring position. If more than one driver set the same fastest lap time, the fastest lap point would be divided equally between the drivers. Points were awarded in the following system:

Pos.DriverSUI
500
BEL
FRA
GBR
GER
NED
ITA
Pts.
1 Alberto AscariRet36 (53.5)
2 Giuseppe Farina2222(4)24 (27)
3 Piero TaruffiRet324722
4 Rudi Fischer211†133Ret10
= Mike Hawthorn4Ret34NC10
6 [16] Robert ManzonRet34RetRet5149
7 Troy Ruttman18
= Luigi Villoresi338
9 José Froilán González6.5
10 Jim Rathmann26
= Jean Behra3Ret75RetRet6
12 Sam Hanks34
13 Ken Wharton4RetRet93
= Dennis Poore4123
= Duane Carter43
16 Alan Brown5622152
= Maurice TrintignantDNS5RetRet6Ret2
= Paul Frère5RetRet2
= Felice BonettoDSQ52
= Art Cross52
= Eric Thompson52
22 Bill Vukovich1
Roger Laurent1260
Toulo de Graffenried6Ret†19DNQ0
Peter CollinsRetRet6RetDNSDNQ0
André SimonRet†60
Jimmy Bryan60
Peter Hirt711†Ret0
Charles de Tornaco7RetDNQ0
Duncan HamiltonRet70
Jimmy Reece70
Reg Parnell70
Fritz Riess70
Lance MacklinRet119158DNQ0
Eric Brandon8920130
Chico Landi9†80
Johnny Claes8Ret1410DNQ0
Toni UlmenRet80
George Connor80
Philippe Étancelin80
Roy Salvadori80
Ken Downing9Ret0
Cliff Griffith90
Helmut Niedermayr90
Jan Flinterman9†0
Birabongse BhanudejRet10Ret110
Louis RosierRetRetRet100
Peter WhiteheadRet10DNQ0
Johnnie Parsons100
Yves Giraud-Cabantous100
Eitel CantoniRetRet110
Jack McGrath110
Hans Klenk110
Jim Rigsby120
Franco Comotti120
Graham Whitehead120
Ernst Klodwig120
Joe James130
Arthur Legat130
Bill Schindler140
Robert O'Brien140
Tony Gaze15RetRetDNQ0
George Fonder150
Kenneth McAlpine16Ret0
Eddie Johnson160
Harry SchellRetRet†170
Gino Bianco18RetRetRet0
Chuck Stevenson180
Henry Banks190
Manny Ayulo200
Johnny McDowell210
Tony Crook210
Dries van der LofNC0
Stirling MossRetRetRetRetRet0
Piero CariniRetRet0
Bill AstonDNSRetDNQ0
Hans StuckRetDNQ0
George AbecassisRet0
Max de TerraRet0
Spider WebbRet0
Rodger WardRet0
Tony BettenhausenRet0
Duke NalonRet0
Fred Agabashian0
Bob SweikertRet0
Gene HartleyRet0
Bob ScottRet0
Chet MillerRet0
Bobby BallRet0
Andy LindenRet0
Robin Montgomerie-CharringtonRet0
David MurrayRet0
Willi HeeksRet0
Adolf BrudesRet0
Marcel BalsaRet0
Günther BechemRet0
Rudolf KrauseRet0
Rudolf SchoellerRet0
Paul PietschRet0
Theo HelfrichRet0
Josef PetersRet0
Franco RolRet0
Élie BayolRet0
Willi KrakauDNS0
Ludwig FischerDNS0
Harry MerkelDNS0
Alberto CrespoDNQ0
Piero DusioDNQ0
Pos.DriverSUI
500
BEL
FRA
GBR
GER
NED
ITA
Pts.

Non-championship races

Other Formula One/Formula Two races, which did not count towards the World Championship of Drivers, were also held in 1952.

Race nameCircuitDateFormula Winning driverConstructorReport
XI Grande Prêmio Cidade do Rio de JaneiroGávea20 JanuaryFormula Libre[17] José Froilán González FerrariReport
II Gran Premio di SiracusaSyracuse16 MarchFormula Two[18] Alberto Ascari FerrariReport
VI Gran Premio del ValentinoValentino Park6 AprilFormula One Luigi Villoresi FerrariReport
IV Richmond TrophyGoodwood14 AprilFormula One[19] José Froilán González FerrariReport
IV Lavant CupGoodwood14 AprilFormula Two[20] Mike Hawthorn Cooper-BristolReport
XIII Pau Grand PrixPau14 AprilFormula Two Alberto Ascari FerrariReport
I Ibsley Grand PrixIbsley19 AprilFormula Two[21] Mike Hawthorn Cooper-BristolReport
X Grand Prix de MarseilleMarseille27 AprilFormula Two Alberto Ascari FerrariReport
I Aston Martin Owners Club Formula 2 RaceSnetterton3 MayFormula Two[22] Dickie Stoop Frazer Nash-BristolReport
IV BRDC International TrophySilverstone10 MayFormula Two Lance Macklin HWM-AltaReport
XIV EläintarhanajotEläintarharata11 MayFormula One[23] Roger Laurent Talbot-LagoReport
V Gran Premio di NapoliPosillipo11 MayFormula Two Giuseppe Farina FerrariReport
XVI Internationales ADAC EifelrennenNürburgring25 MayFormula Two Rudi Fischer FerrariReport
VI Grand Prix de ParisMontlhéry25 MayFormula Two Piero Taruffi FerrariReport
XIV Grand Prix de l'AlbigeoisAlbi (Les Planques)1 JuneFormula One Louis Rosier FerrariReport
XXII Grand Prix des FrontièresChimay1 JuneFormula Two Paul Frère HWM-AltaReport
VI Ulster TrophyDundrod7 JuneFormula One Piero Taruffi FerrariReport
V Gran Premio dell'Autodromo di MonzaMonza8 JuneFormula Two Giuseppe Farina FerrariReport
IV Aix les Bains Circuit du LacAix-les-Bains8 JuneFormula Two Jean Behra GordiniReport
I West Essex CC RaceBoreham21 JuneFormula Two[24] Reg Parnell Cooper-BristolReport
XVI Grand Prix de la MarneReims29 JuneFormula Two[25] Jean Behra GordiniReport
II Grand Prix de Sables d'OlonneSables13 JulyFormula Two Luigi Villoresi FerrariReport
I Grand Prix de CaenCaen27 JulyFormula Two[26] Maurice Trintignant GordiniReport
II Daily Mail TrophyBoreham2 AugustFormula Two Luigi Villoresi FerrariReport
XVI Grand Prix de CommingesComminges10 AugustFormula Two André Simon
Alberto Ascari
FerrariReport
I National TrophyTurnberry23 AugustFormula Two[27] Mike Hawthorn ConnaughtReport
XI Grand Prix de la BauleLa Baule24 AugustFormula Two Alberto Ascari FerrariReport
III Gran Premio di ModenaModena14 SeptemberFormula Two Luigi Villoresi FerrariReport
IV Circuit de CadoursCadours14 SeptemberFormula Two Louis Rosier FerrariReport
II SkarpnäcksloppetSkarpnäck14 SeptemberFormula One Gunnar Carlsson MercuryReport
V Madgwick CupGoodwood27 SeptemberFormula Two[28] Ken Downing ConnaughtReport
VIII Internationales AvusrennenAVUS28 SeptemberFormula Two Rudi Fischer FerrariReport
I Joe Fry Memorial TrophyCastle Combe4 OctoberFormula Two[29] Roy Salvadori FerrariReport
I Newcastle Journal TrophyCharterhall11 OctoberFormula Two[30] Dennis Poore ConnaughtReport
XII Grande Prêmio Cidade do Rio de JaneiroGávea14 DecemberFormula Libre Henrique Casini FerrariReport

East German races

Note - a blue background denotes a round of the East German Championship.

Race nameCircuitDateWinning driverConstructorReport
I Rostock OsthafenkursRostock20 April Paul Greifzu BMW-EigenbauReport
I Bernau AutobahnschleifeBernau4 May Rudolf Krause BMW-ReifReport
I Dessau AutobahnspinneDessau11 May Fritz Riess Veritas-MeteorReport
III Leipzig StadtparkrennenLeipzig2 June Edgar Barth IFA-KollektivReport
III Strassen-Rennen Halle-Saale-SchleifeHalle-Saale-Schleife8 June Edgar Barth IFA-KollektivReport
I Strassen-rennen LeipzigLeipzig17 August Hans Stuck AFM-BMWReport
V DMV GrenzlandringrennenGrenzlandring31 August Toni Ulmen VeritasReport
IV SachsenringrennenSachsenring7 September Edgar Barth EMW-BMWReport

East German Championship

The table below shows the points awarded for each race. Only East German drivers were eligible for points.

PlaceDriverEntrantCarROSLEIHALSACTotal
1 Edgar BarthIFA RennkollektivDAMW-BMW 328366621
2 Ernst KlodwigBSG MotorHeck-BMW 32824410
3 Jürgen PerdusIFA RenkollektivDAMW-BMW 328437
4 Paul GreifzuBSG MotorReif-BMW 32866
5 Rudolf KrauseSV WismutReif-BMW 32844
6 Heinz MelkusARO-Veritas-Alfa Romeo22
8 Werner JägerEMW 340-BMW 32811

Notes and References

  1. Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing, 1995, page 12
  2. Web site: A timeline of Formula One. ESPN. Martin Williamson. 21 June 2024.
  3. Web site: 1952 Driver Standings. Formula1. 21 June 2024.
  4. News: 1952 Holbein HH48 Bechem. formula143. 1 June 2024.
  5. News: Juan-Manuel Fangio – Biography. grandprixhistory.org. 28 April 2014. David. Dennis. 21 July 2015. 23 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161023223041/http://www.grandprixhistory.org/fangio_bio.htm. live.
  6. Web site: Juan-Manuel Fangio Profile - Drivers - GP Encyclopedia - F1 History on Grandprix.com. grandprix.com. 23 January 2009. 5 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201105173534/https://www.grandprix.com/gpe/drv-fanjua.html. live.
  7. Web site: Grand Prix Cancelled . Autosport . 23 January 2016.
  8. Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing, 1995, page 12
  9. Web site: A timeline of Formula One. ESPN. Martin Williamson. 21 June 2024.
  10. Web site: F1 rules and stats 1950-1959. F1Technical. Steven de Groote. 1 January 2009. 21 June 2024.
  11. Web site: History of safety devices in Formula 1: The halo, barriers & more. Autosport. Anna Duxbury. 25 November 2021. 21 June 2024.
  12. Web site: Evolution of Formula 1 helmets since the first days of the series until now. cmhelmets.com. 27 March 2023.
  13. Web site: FORMULA ONE SAFETY REGULATIONS THROUGH THE YEARS. Trackside Legends. Jacobine van den Berg. 23 June 2021. 21 June 2024.
  14. Web site: Formula 1: How Much Has Changed Since 1950?. Interesting Engineering. Marcia Wendorf. 20 May 2021. 21 June 2024.
  15. Web site: 18 January 2019 . World Championship points systems . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190924032459/http://8w.forix.com/6thgear/points.html . 24 September 2019 . 21 December 2020 . 8W . Forix.
  16. 1952 World Championship of Drivers results in the FIA Yearbook of Automobile Sport 1974, pages 118-119 show Manzon placed 6th below Hawthorn and Fischer, who are shown as equal 4th
  17. http://www.igleize.fr/gp/amspost.htm Races in South America 1945-today, www.igleize.fr
  18. The Races of 1952, Motor Sport, January 1953, page 9
  19. The Goodwood Easter Meeting, Motor Sport, May 1952, page 241
  20. The Goodwood Easter Meeting, Motor Sport, May 1952, page 232
  21. http://www.the-fastlane.co.uk/formula2/F252_4.htm I Ibsley Formula 2 Race 1952 - Ibsley Grand Prix, www.the-fastlane.co.uk
  22. http://www.forix.com/8w/6thgear/gp-yby.html Grand Prix winners 1894-2019, http://www.forix.com
  23. http://www.igleize.fr/gp/hcpost.htm F1 non-championship races 1945-1957, www.igleize.fr
  24. http://www.the-fastlane.co.uk/formula2/F252_21.htm I West Essex CC Formula 2 Race 1952, www.the-fastlane.co.uk
  25. http://www.conceptcarz.com/view/f1/teamsBySeason.aspx?teamID=15&driverTeamArticleID=31 Equipe Gordini: Jeremy McMullen, Equipe Simca-Gordini - 1952 Formula One Season, www.conceptcarz.com
  26. http://www.forix.com/8w/caen.html Mattijs Diepraam, Horsepower on the Prairie, 28 August 2010, www.forix.com
  27. http://www.the-fastlane.co.uk/formula2/F252_34.htm I Scottish National Trophy 1952, www.the-fastlane.co.uk
  28. Goodwood Finale, Motor Sport, November 1952, page 509
  29. http://www.the-fastlane.co.uk/formula2//F252_43.htm I Joe Fry Memorial Trophy 1952, www.the-fastlane.co.uk
  30. Gerard's old E.R.A. wins an epic Charterhall International Trophy Race, beating B.R.M., Motor Sport, November 1952, page 501