| Election Name: | 1944 Hamilton municipal election |
| Flag Image: | Flag_of_Hamilton.svg |
| Country: | Canada |
| Type: | Presidential |
| Party Colour: | no |
| Party Name: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1943 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election |
| Previous Year: | 1943 |
| Next Election: | 1945 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election |
| Next Year: | 1945 |
| Election Date: | December 4, 1944 |
| Candidate1: | Samuel Lawrence |
| Popular Vote1: | Acclaimed |
| Map Size: | 300px |
| Mayor | |
| Before Election: | Samuel Lawrence |
| Before Party: | Co-operative Commonwealth Federation |
| After Election: | Samuel Lawrence |
| After Party: | Co-operative Commonwealth Federation |
The 1944 Hamilton municipal election was held on December 4, 1944 to select one Mayor, four Controllers, and sixteen members of the Hamilton, Ontario City Council. Voters also elected one member per-ward to the local Public School Board for a two-year term.[1]
After enjoying a term free from major controversies, incumbent mayor Sam Lawrence was believed to receive a second term by acclamation. The Hamilton Spectator, one of Lawrence's chief opponents during his candidacy the year prior, noted that Lawrence's acclamation was virtually a guarantee as many civic politicians were focused on two 'money' bylaws that would be put to the voters in the form of referendums.[2] Lawrence was the sole candidate for the office on nomination day and spoke briefly about his plans for the coming year, specifically implementing a planned economic program to ensure the city's financial stability by 1945.[3]
|-!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Candidate!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|Affiliation!colspan="3"|Popular vote|-! #! %! ±%|-| style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" | Samuel Lawrence (incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |CCF-Labour! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | Acclaimed|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Total votes| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Registered voters| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |93,374| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" |100%|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" |Note: Candidate campaign colours are based on their supporting party's or group's colour.|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" |Sources: "Mayor Samuel Lawrence Elected For Second Term", Hamilton Spectator, News, Friday, November 24, 1944, pp. 7.|}
|-!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Candidate!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|Affiliation!colspan="3"|Popular vote|-! %! Rank|-| style="background-color:#5D8AA8;" || style="text-align:left;" | Nora-Frances Henderson (incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Women's Civic Club| style="text-align:right;" |20,005| style="text-align:right;" |1|-| style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |William Alfred Weir (incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent Conservative| style="text-align:right;" |16,536| style="text-align:right;" |2|-| style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |Donald Clarke| style="text-align:left;" |Independent Conservative| style="text-align:right;" |15,487| style="text-align:right;" |3|-| style="background-color:#B2BEB5;" || style="text-align:left;" | Hugh McDermid McIntyre (incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent| style="text-align:right;" |14,013| style="text-align:right;" |4|-| style="background-color:#B2BEB5;" || style="text-align:left;" | Walter Chadwick (incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent| style="text-align:right;" |13,608| style="text-align:right;" |5|-| style="background-color:#FF0000;" || style="text-align:left;" | Harry Hunter| style="text-align:left;" |Labor-Progressive| style="text-align:right;" |12,226| style="text-align:right;" |6|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Total votes| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" ||-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Registered voters| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |93,374| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" ||-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" |Note: Candidate campaign colours are based on their supporting party's or group's colour.
Note: Voters could select up to 4 candidates for the office of Controller.|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" |Sources: "Donald Clarke Regains Seat, Displacing Walter Chadwick", Hamilton Spectator, Tuesday, December 5, 1944, pg. 11.|}
The elections in Ward One saw the return of former alderman Samuel Leslie Parker after a year away from council following his defeat in the Board of Control elections the year prior. During the 1943-1944 term of office, incumbent alderman William MacFarland died suddenly, prompting council to appoint Frederick Slack, the runner-up in the previous year's election, to MacFarland's seat. Slack campaigned heavily on his incumbency and referred to himself as a "people's candidate" during the campaign.[4] Despite his brief tenure in office, Slack was soundly defeated, with electors returning Parker and his fellow alderman Herbert Hannah to office.[5]
One of the area's prominent organizers with the Liberal Party, Henry Arnott Hicks, made his first bid for public office in this election. The 37-year-old Hicks was ultimately unsuccessful, falling over 700 votes behind Hannah. Despite his close ties with the Liberals, Hicks campaigned as an independent. The central theme of his campaign literature, aimed at his CCF opponent, declared that "civic affairs should be free of politics."[6]
The local CCF, attempting to boost their ranks on council to support Lawrence, nominated Bessie Mitchell to stand as their candidate in the ward. Campaigning on a platform of social justice and governmental efficiency, Mitchell appealed to Hamilton's women by pressing them to "make sure that women of Hamilton have representation!"[7] Mitchell's candidacy was not covered by the Hamilton Spectator and the paper mistakenly referred to her as 'Mr. Mitchell' when reporting on the results the day after the election.[5]
|-!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Candidate!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|Affiliation!colspan="3"|Popular vote|-! #! %! ±%|-| style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" | Samuel Parker| style="text-align:left;" |Independent| style="text-align:right;" |2,722| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" | Herbert Hannah (Incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent| style="text-align:right;" |2,553| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |Henry Arnott Hicks| style="text-align:left;" |Independent Liberal| style="text-align:right;" |1,846| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |Bessie Mitchell| style="text-align:left;" |CCF-Labour| style="text-align:right;" |1,474| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |Frederick Slack (Incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent| style="text-align:right;" |1,097| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Total votes| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Registered voters| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" |100%|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" |Note 1: Candidate campaign colours are based on their supporting party's or group's colour.
Note 2: Each Ward elected two aldermen to represent them at City Council.|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" |Sources: "Aldermen", Hamilton Spectator, Tuesday, December 5, 1944, pg. 11.|}
The aldermanic race in Ward Two pit sitting alderman Hugh Brown and Robert Elliot against former alderman William Warrender, who had returned to the city after active duty with the RCAF. Warrender, a fierce anti-Communist and opponent of the CCF, campaigned with support from the local Progressive Conservative establishment and succeeded in making military service a central theme of the campaign.[8] Brown responded to Warrender by reminding voters of his military service during World War I in his political advertisements.[9]
The local CCF candidate, Arthur Cole, did little campaigning in local media and was not considered likely to win the seat from either of the two incumbents.[5]
|-!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Candidate!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|Affiliation!colspan="3"|Popular vote|-! #! %! ±%|-| style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" | Hugh Brown (Incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent| style="text-align:right;" |1,997| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" | Robert Elliott (Incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent| style="text-align:right;" |1,870| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |William Warrender| style="text-align:left;" |Independent Conservative| style="text-align:right;" |1,709| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |Arthur Cole| style="text-align:left;" |CCF-Labour| style="text-align:right;" |949| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Total votes| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Registered voters| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" |100%|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" |Note 1: Candidate campaign colours are based on their supporting party's or group's colour.
Note 2: Each Ward elected two aldermen to represent them at City Council.|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" |Sources: "Aldermen", Hamilton Spectator, Tuesday, December 5, 1944, pg. 11.|}
|-!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Candidate!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|Affiliation!colspan="3"|Popular vote|-! #! %! ±%| style="text-align:left;" | Herbert Smye (Incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent Conservative!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | Acclaimed| style="text-align:left;" |Vernon Knowles (Incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent Conservative!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | Acclaimed|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Total votes| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Registered voters| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" |100%|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" |Note 1: Candidate campaign colours are based on their supporting party's or group's colour.
Note 2: Each Ward elected two aldermen to represent them at City Council.|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" |Sources: "Aldermen", Hamilton Spectator, Tuesday, December 5, 1944, pg. 11.|}
Ward Four in the city's north-west, featured a battle between two prominent members of Hamilton's Liberal establishment and three diverse challengers. Aldermen Peter McCulloch, who was first elected in 1935, and two-term alderman Thomas Marshall fended off challenges from independent candidate Arthur Vickers and two distinct labour candidates. Running as an independent labour candidate, Al Campbell campaigned on a platform of replacing the city's slums with affordable housing.[10] The CCF candidate, Frank Malloy, campaigned on his trade union credentials and his past service in World War I.[11] On election night, McCulloch and Marshall won by considerable margins over their challengers.
|-!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Candidate!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|Affiliation!colspan="3"|Popular vote|-! #! %! ±%|-| style="text-align:left;" | Peter McCulloch (Incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent Liberal| style="text-align:right;" |2,158| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:left;" | Thomas Marshall (Incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent Liberal| style="text-align:right;" |1,568| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:left;" |Arthur Vickers| style="text-align:left;" |Independent| style="text-align:right;" |901| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:left;" |Al Campbell| style="text-align:left;" |Independent Labour| style="text-align:right;" |667| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:left;" |Frank Malloy| style="text-align:left;" |CCF-Labour| style="text-align:right;" |559| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Total votes| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Registered voters| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" |100%|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" |Note 1: Candidate campaign colours are based on their supporting party's or group's colour.
Note 2: Each Ward elected two aldermen to represent them at City Council.|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" |Sources: "Aldermen", Hamilton Spectator, Tuesday, December 5, 1944, pg. 11.|}
|-!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Candidate!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|Affiliation!colspan="3"|Popular vote|-! #! %! ±%|-| style="text-align:left;" | Douglas Gordon (Incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent| style="text-align:right;" |1,816| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:left;" | Frank Dillon (Incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent Liberal| style="text-align:right;" |1,791| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:left;" |John Dowling| style="text-align:left;" |CCF-Labour| style="text-align:right;" |1,437| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Total votes| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Registered voters| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" |100%|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" |Note 1: Candidate campaign colours are based on their supporting party's or group's colour.
Note 2: Each Ward elected two aldermen to represent them at City Council.|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" |Sources: "Aldermen", Hamilton Spectator, Tuesday, December 5, 1944, pg. 11.|}
The race in Ward Six was a contest between two long-term alderman and two candidates who campaigned on their labour credentials. Alderman John Hodgson, a member of the local Progressive Conservative establishment, had served on council since 1934. His ward-mate, Malcolm Heddle, had held the second Ward Six seat on council since 1942.
The independent labour candidate, Alfred Stratford, campaigned under the slogan "A Labour Man For a Labour Ward!" and advocated for job security, slum clearance, and affordable housing for Hamiltonians.[12] Frank Reeves, the CCF candidate, campaigned on a ticket with Ward Six trustee candidate Bob Tilbury.[13]
In their post-election commentary, the Hamilton Spectator noted that Reeves and Stratford "were never in the picture."[5]
|-!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Candidate!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|Affiliation!colspan="3"|Popular vote|-! #! %! ±%|-| style="text-align:left;" | John Hodgson (Incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent Conservative| style="text-align:right;" |2,390| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:left;" | Malcolm Heddle (Incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |Independent| style="text-align:right;" |2,381| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:left;" |Frank Reeves| style="text-align:left;" |CCF-Labour| style="text-align:right;" |1,413| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:left;" |Alfred Stratford| style="text-align:left;" |Independent Labour| style="text-align:right;" |1,012| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:right; background-color:#FFFFFF" colspan="3" |Total votes| style="text-align:right; background-color:#FFFFFF"|n/a| style="text-align:right; background-color:#FFFFFF"|n/a| style="text-align:right; background-color:#FFFFFF"|n/a|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Registered voters| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" |100%|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="6"|Note 1: Candidate campaign colours are based on their supporting party's or group's colour.
Note 2: Each Ward elected two aldermen to represent them at City Council.|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="13"|Sources: "Aldermen", Hamilton Spectator, Tuesday, December 5, 1944, pg. 11.|}
One of the most closely watched races of the 1944 election was the aldermanic battle in Ward Seven. One-term incumbent alderman Harry Hunter of the Labor-Progressive Party had announced his intention to seek election to the Board of Control, leaving an open contest for the ward's second seat. The other seat was contested by incumbent Frederick Hayward, who sought reelection on an independent platform.
The city's LPP organization determined that best candidate to succeed Hunter on the party's ticket was Helen Anderson who placed second in the previous year's school board trustee race in the ward.[14] Anderson campaigned as the natural successor to Hunter, even using the phrase "For continued labour representation in Ward 7" on her election advertisements.[15]
Attempting a comeback in the ward was Sam Clarke, who had lost election the year prior by 50 votes. Clarke, believing his affiliation with the CCF-Labour slate was the reason for his defeat, publicly distanced himself from the party. In his election advertisements, Clarke went so far as to label himself a "Strictly Independent Candidate" to avoid any further associations between himself and the mayor's political slate. Clarke's 1944 campaign called for an increase in old-age pensions to $40 per-person, supports for affordable housing, and abolishing level crossings.[16]
The CFF candidate was M. T. Montgomery, a local trade unionist. Montgomery's candidacy was not reported on by the Spectator, nor did they mention his name in their summary of the elections.[5]
On election night, the ward was the closest, with Anderson and Clarke jockeying for support during the counting process. By the end of the night, Anderson had surpassed Clarke by 23 votes and the latter conceded defeat.
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Affiliation!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|Candidate!colspan="2"|Results|-! #! Elected?|-|- | style="text-align:left;" colspan="6"|Note 1: Candidate campaign colours are based on their supporting party's or group's colour.
Note 2: Each Ward elected two aldermen to represent them at City Council.|- | style="text-align:left;" colspan="13"|Sources: "Aldermen", Hamilton Spectator, Tuesday, December 5, 1944, pg. 11.|}
|-!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Candidate!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|Affiliation!colspan="3"|Popular vote|-! #! %! ±%|-| style="text-align:left;" |James Newell (Incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |CCF-Labour| style="text-align:right;" |2,714| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:left;" |Joseph Easton (Incumbent)| style="text-align:left;" |CCF-Labour| style="text-align:right;" |2,664| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:left;" |Ward Fawcett| style="text-align:left;" |Independent| style="text-align:right;" |1,811| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:left;" |Bernard Thompson| style="text-align:left;" |Independent| style="text-align:right;" |1,694| style="text-align:right;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Total votes| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a|-| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="3" |Registered voters| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |n/a| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" |100%|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" |Note 1: Candidate campaign colours are based on their supporting party's or group's colour.
Note 2: Each Ward elected two aldermen to represent them at City Council.|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" |Sources: "Aldermen", Hamilton Spectator, Tuesday, December 5, 1944, pg. 11.|}