| Election Name: | 1942 Grantham by-election |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Country: | United Kingdom |
| Seats For Election: | Constituency of Grantham |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1935 United Kingdom general election |
| Previous Year: | 1935 |
| Next Election: | 1945 United Kingdom general election |
| Next Year: | 1945 |
| Election Date: | 25 March 1942 |
| Candidate1: | Denis Kendall |
| Image1: | Ind. |
| Party1: | Independent (politician) |
| Popular Vote1: | 11,758 |
| Percentage1: | 50.8% |
| Candidate2: | Arthur Longmore |
| Party2: | Conservative Party (UK) |
| Popular Vote2: | 11,391 |
| Percentage2: | 49.2% |
| Swing2: | 8.9% |
| MP | |
| Before Election: | Victor Warrender |
| Before Party: | Conservative Party (UK) |
| After Election: | Denis Kendall |
| After Party: | Independent (politician) |
| Turnout: | 42.6% (31.6%) |
The 1942 Grantham by-election was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Grantham on 25 March 1942.
The by-election was caused by the ennoblement of the sitting Conservative MP, Rt Hon. Sir Victor Warrender as Baron Bruntisfield. He had been MP here since gaining the seat from the Liberal party in 1923.
Grantham had been won by the Conservative Party at every election since 1923. The result at the last General election was as follows;
The local Conservatives selected 57-year-old Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Longmore. The outbreak of the Second World War found Longmore an Air Chief Marshal and in charge of RAF Training Command.[1] On 2 April 1940, he was appointed Air Officer Commanding in the Middle East. He did not long enjoy the full confidence of Winston Churchill in that position and was relieved of his command in May 1941.[1] His last role before his formal retirement in 1942 was as Inspector-General of the RAF.[1] Longmore's constant demands for reinforcements resulted in some unwelcome attention from Churchill, who hated pessimists and senior commanders who complained about their lack of resources. After some acerbic correspondence, in which Churchill accused Longmore of failing to make proper use of the manpower and aircraft he had, Longmore was recalled to London in May 1941.[2] However, given the prominence of RAF Cranwell in the constituency, Longmore looked a suitable candidate, even if he was an outsider.[3]
The Labour party had re-selected Montague Moore to be their candidate at the General Election expected to take place in 1939-40. He was a local schoolmaster at Claypole. He had fought the seat on four previous occasions for Labour having started his political career as a Conservative.[4] At the time of the by-election, he was still theoretically their candidate.[5] The Liberals had not run a candidate here since they nearly re-gained the seat in 1929 and had no candidate in place at the outbreak of war.[6] In accordance with the terms of the wartime electoral truce, no official Labour or Liberal candidate was put forward.
However, an Independent candidate emerged in the person of 39-year-old Denis Kendall. In 1938, Kendall moved to Grantham and became Managing Director of an arms production company, the British Manufacture and Research Company (BMARC). His factory was highly productive, where workers were well-paid and provided with endless music and dance parties. He was a member of Grantham Labour party but when the news first broke of a by-election, he had approached the local Conservatives offering to be their candidate, but was turned down.[7]
Polling day was set for 25 March 1942. When nominations closed, it was to reveal a two horse race, between the Conservative Longmore and the Independent Kendall.
Longmore received a joint letter of endorsement from all the leaders of the parties in the coalition.
Kendall had initially been supported by the Grantham Labour Party, which then withdrew support on orders from Labour Party headquarters.[8] The party kept its collective head down during the campaign, though they did have to restrain Montague Moore, the previous Labour candidate and a few other local Labour members from actively supporting Kendall.[7]
The war was not going well for the Allies; the Soviets had been driven back, the Japanese had taken Singapore and many were calling for Britain to create a 'Second Front' in Europe. The popular Labour politician Sir Stafford Cripps, who had returned to Britain following a spell as Ambassador to the Soviet Union, was brought into Churchill's War Cabinet.
One of Kendall's campaign leaflets proclaimed that "Denis Kendall is another Stafford Cripps. Independent yet Churchillian." Kendall campaigned against the "gang" around Churchill without being critical of Churchill himself.[9]
Kendall revealed wartime production figures in his election hustings speeches to criticise the government, but in a way that breached the Official Secrets and the Defence of the Realm Acts.
The Grantham Communist party in line with the position taken by their national headquarters, circulated a leaflet that urged electors to vote for the Conservative Longmore, so as to show solidarity with the Red Army.[7]
Kendall won and became the first Independent to defeat a government candidate since the war started;On 18 April 1942, the magazine Picture Post published a lengthy interview with Kendall with accompanying action pictures and the eye-catching quote: "I won't sit down and I won't shut up".
In 1945, even with the intervention of a Labour candidate, Kendall still beat the Conservative into second place. The result at the following General election;