1941 in the United States explained
Events from the year 1941 in the United States. At the end of this year, the United States enters World War II by declaring war on the Empire of Japan following the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Incumbents
John Nance Garner (D-Texas) (until January 20)
Henry A. Wallace (D-Iowa) (starting January 20)
Charles Evans Hughes (New York) (until June 30)
Harlan F. Stone (New York) (starting July 3)
Events
January
February
- February 4 – World War II: The United Service Organization (USO) is created to entertain American troops.
- February 8 – World War II: The U.S. House of Representatives passes the Lend-Lease law.
- February 9 – Winston Churchill, in a worldwide broadcast, asks the United States to show its support by sending arms to the British: "Give us the tools, and we will finish the job."
- February 14 – World War II – Attack on Pearl Harbor: Admiral Kichisaburō Nomura begins his duties as Japanese ambassador to the United States.
- February 27 – The 13th Academy Awards, hosted by Bob Hope, are presented at Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, with Alfred Hitchcock's Rebecca winning Outstanding Production. The film also received the most nominations with 11, while The Thief of Baghdad wins the most awards with three. John Ford wins his second Best Director award for The Grapes of Wrath.
March
April
- April 9 – The U.S. acquires full military defense rights in Greenland.
- April 10 – World War II: The U.S. destroyer Niblack, while picking up survivors from a sunken Dutch freighter, drops depth charges on a German U-boat (the first "shot in anger" fired by America against Germany).
- April 15 – World War II: The U.S. begins shipping Lend-Lease military equipment to China.
- April 23 – The America First Committee holds its first mass rally in New York City, with Charles Lindbergh as keynote speaker.
- April 25 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, at his regular press conference, criticizes Charles Lindbergh by comparing him to the Copperheads of the Civil War period. In response, Lindbergh resigns his commission in the U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve on April 28.
- April 28 – World War II: All US assets of Greek nationals are frozen.
May
June
- June 14 – Executive Order 8785 is signed freezing all German and Italian assets in the United States are frozen. A census of all foreign assets are ordered under Executive Order 8389. Assets are also frozen from occupied countries/territories along with some neutral countries in Europe including Finland, Sweden, Spain, Andorra, Portugal, Switzerland, San Marino, and Liechtenstein.[2]
- June 16
- All German and Italian consulates in the United States are ordered closed and their staffs to leave the country by July 10.
- Official start of production at Ford's Willow Run facility (Air Force Plant 31) in Michigan. At its wartime peak, it will produce one B-24 bomber every hour.[3]
- June 20
July
- July 1
- Mammoth Cave National Park is authorized by Congress.
- Commercial television is authorized by the Federal Communications Commission.
- NBC Television begins commercial operation on WNBT, on Channel 1. The world's first legal TV commercial, for Bulova watches, occurs at 2:29 PM over WNBT, before a baseball game between the Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies. The 10-second spot displays a picture of a clock superimposed on a map of the United States, accompanied by the voice-over "America runs on Bulova time."[4] [5] As a one-off special, the first quiz show called "Uncle Bee" is telecast on WNBT's inaugural broadcast day, followed later the same day by Ralph Edwards hosting the second game show broadcast on U.S. television, Truth or Consequences, as simulcast on radio and TV and sponsored by Ivory Soap. Weekly broadcasts of the show commence in 1956, with Bob Barker.
- CBS Television begins commercial operation on New York station WCBW (modern-day WCBS-TV), on Channel 2.
- July 7 – World War II: American forces take over the defense of Iceland from the British.
- July 23 – Hero thrill show is held in Philadelphia.[6]
- July 26
In response to the Japanese occupation of French Indochina, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the freezing of all Japanese assets in the United States.[7]
General Douglas MacArthur is named commander of all U.S. forces in the Philippines; the Philippines Army is ordered nationalized by President Roosevelt.
- July 28 – World War II: Japan freezes all American assets.[8] After the United States froze Japanese assets the Japanese responded by freezing the assets of the United States, United Kingdom and the Netherlands.[9]
- July 30 – World War II: The U.S. gunboat is attacked by Japanese aircraft while anchored in the Yangtze River at Chungking. Japan apologizes for the incident the following day.
- July – The Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighter aircraft is introduced.[10]
August
- August 1 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt bans the export of U.S. aviation fuel from the western hemisphere except to Britain and allies.
- August 6 – Six-year-old Elaine Esposito undergoes an appendectomy and lapses into a coma that lasts for a record-breaking 37 years until her death in 1978.
- August 9 – Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill meet at Argentia, Newfoundland and Labrador. The Atlantic Charter is created as a result.
- August 12 – By one vote (203–202), the U.S. House of Representatives passes legislation extending the draft period for selectees and the National Guard from 1 year to 30 months.
- August 31 – The Great Gildersleeve debuts on NBC Radio.
September
- September 4 – World War II: The becomes the first United States Navy ship fired upon by a German submarine in the war, even though the United States is a neutral power. Tension heightens between the nations as a result.
- September 11 – World War II: Charles Lindbergh, at an America First Committee rally in Des Moines, Iowa, accuses "the British, the Jewish, and the Roosevelt administration" of leading the United States toward war. Widespread condemnation of Lindbergh follows.
- September 27 – The first liberty ship, the, is launched at Baltimore.
- September 29 – World War II: The first Moscow Conference begins; U.S. representative Averell Harriman and British representative Lord Beaverbrook meet with Soviet foreign minister Molotov to arrange urgent assistance for Russia.
October
The destroyer is torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-552 off Iceland, killing more than 100 U.S. Navy sailors.
November
- November 10 – In a speech at the Mansion House, London, Winston Churchill promises, "should the United States become involved in war with Japan, the British declaration will follow within the hour."
- November 14
- November 17 – World War II – Attack on Pearl Harbor: Joseph Grew, the United States ambassador to Japan, cables to Washington, D.C., a warning that Japan may strike suddenly and unexpectedly at any time.
- November 24 – World War II: The United States grants Lend-Lease to the Free French.
- November 26
- U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs a bill establishing the 4th Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day in the United States (this partly reverses a 1939 action by Roosevelt that changed the celebration of Thanksgiving to the third Thursday of November).
- The Hull note ultimatum is delivered to Japan by the United States.
- November 27
- A group of young men stop traffic on U.S. Highway 99 south of Yreka, California, handing out fliers proclaiming the establishment of the State of Jefferson.
- World War II – Attack on Pearl Harbor: All U.S. military forces in Asia and the Pacific are placed on war alert.
December
- Wonder Woman comic begins publication.
- December 1 – Fiorello La Guardia, Mayor of New York City and Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, signs Administrative Order 9, creating the Civil Air Patrol under the authority of the United States Army Air Forces.
- December 4 – The State of Jefferson is declared in Yreka, California, with John C. Childs as a governor.
- December 6 – World War II: Attack on Pearl Harbor – Franklin D. Roosevelt makes a personal peace appeal to Emperor Hirohito of Japan.
- December 7 (07:48 Hawaiian Time; 12:48 EST; December 8 03:18 Japan Standard Time) – Attack on Pearl Harbor: The Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service stages a military strike on the United States Navy fleet at Pearl Harbor in the Territory of Hawaii, thus drawing the U.S. into World War II.
- December 8
- December 9 – World War II: All assets from Thailand are frozen.[11]
- December 11 – World War II:
- American forces repel a Japanese landing attempt at Wake Island.
- Germany and Italy declare war on the United States. The U.S. responds in kind.
- Hungary severs diplomatic relations with the United States.[12]
- December 12 – World War II:
- Romania declares war on the United States with diplomatic relations also being severed by the two countries. The United States later declares war on Romania on June 5, 1942.[13]
- The U.S. seizes the French transatlantic liner .
- December 13 – World War II:
- Bulgaria declares war on the United States with diplomatic relations being severed by both countries. The United States does not declare war on Bulgaria until June 5, 1942.[14]
- Hungary declares war on the United States but war is not declared on Hungary by the United States until June 5, 1942.
- December 19 – The United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland graduates its "Class of 1942" a semester early so as to induct the graduating students without delay into the U.S. Navy and/or Marine Corps as officers, for immediate stationing in the war.[15]
- December 20 – Admiral Ernest King is appointed Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. fleet.
- December 23 – World War II: A second Japanese landing attempt on Wake Island is successful and the American garrison surrenders after a full night and morning of fighting.
- December 26 – World War II: Winston Churchill becomes the first British Prime Minister to address a joint session of the U.S. Congress.
Ongoing
Undated
- The Centenary College Choir (America's Singing Ambassadors) is formed by Dr. A. C. Voran at Centenary College of Louisiana.
- This calendar year is the wettest on record in Utah with 20.33inches,[16] Colorado with 25.52inches[17] and New Mexico with 26.57inches against a mean of only 13.741NaN1.[18]
- In contrast to the wetness in the West, it is the driest calendar year in Tennessee with only 36.44inches versus a mean of 50.971NaN1[19] and New Hampshire with 32.65inches against a mean of 42.741NaN1.[20]
Sport
Baseball fans across the nation witnessed not one, but two of the most amazing individual efforts and achievements the game has ever known. The two measures recorded during the 1941 campaign both stand to this day and are regarded by practically all, even the most casual of fans, to be unattainable in the game today. 1941 saw the great Joltin' Joe DiMaggio step up to the plate in 56 consecutive baseball games and hit safely to break a record that had withstood the test of time since 1897 when Wee Willie Keeler totaled 45 consecutive games hitting safely over the course of the 1896 and 97 seasons. The Splendid Splinter, Ted Williams, also treated baseball fans to a feat that has also barely been threatened since by having a season for the ages. During the 1941 Teddy Ballgame managed to record a batting average over .400 by finishing the season with an unparalleled .406 batting average. Although his average for the season is not the single season record for baseball, no player has hit .400 or better since.
Births
January
- January 1 – Marshall "Rock" Jones, African-American bass player (Ohio Players) (d. 2016)
- January 4
- January 5
- January 7 – Frederick D. Gregory, American pilot and astronaut
- January 9 – Joan Baez, American singer, songwriter and activist
- January 11
- January 14 – Faye Dunaway, American actress
- January 15 – Captain Beefheart, American singer (d. 2010)
- January 18 – David Ruffin, African-American singer (The Temptations) (d. 1991)
- January 19
- Harry Booth, American baseball and basketball coach (d. 2022)
- Pat Patterson, Canadian-American pro wrestler (d. 2020)
- January 20 – Clift Tsuji, American politician (d. 2016)
- January 21 – Richie Havens, African-American musician (d. 2013)
- January 23 – Buddy Buie, American songwriter, record producer (d. 2015)
- January 24
- January 30
- January 31
February
- February 1 – Jerry Spinelli, American author
- February 3
- February 5
- February 9 – Kermit Gosnell, American abortion provider and convicted child murderer[21]
- February 11 – Sonny Landham, American actor (d. 2017)
- February 13 – David Jeremiah, American televangelist
- February 16 – Bill Tobin, American football player and executive (d. 2024)
- February 17 – Ron Meyer, American football coach (d. 2017)
- February 18 – Irma Thomas, African-American singer
- February 19 – David Gross, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- February 20 – Buffy Sainte-Marie, musician, composer, and social activist
- February 25 – Sandy Bull, American folk musician, composer (d. 2001)
March
-
- March 8 – James Reston Jr., American journalist and writer (d. 2023)
- March 9 – Ernesto Miranda, American criminal (d. 1976)
- March 10 – George Smith, biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2018
- March 15 – Mike Love, American musician (The Beach Boys)
- March 16 – Chuck Woolery, American game show host
- March 17 – Paul Kantner, American rock guitarist (Jefferson Airplane) (d. 2016)
- March 18 – Wilson Pickett, African-American singer (d. 2006)
- March 23 – Jim Trelease, American educator, author (d. 2022)
- March 24 – Michael Masser, songwriter, composer and producer of popular music (d. 2015)
- March 27 – Bunny Sigler, American singer, songwriter and record producer (d. 2017)
- March 28
- March 29
- March 30 – Bob Smith, American politician
April
- April 2 – Dr. Demento (Barret Eugene Hansen), American radio disc jockey, novelty music collector
- April 3
- April 6 – Phil Austin, American comedian (The Firesign Theater) (d. 2015)
- April 8 – Peggy Lennon, American singer (The Lennon Sisters)
- April 9 – Kay Adams, American country singer
- April 12 - Dave Kindred, American sportswriter
- April 13 – Michael Stuart Brown, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- April 14 – Pete Rose, American baseball player (d. 2024)
- April 20 – Ryan O'Neal, American actor (Love Story) (d. 2023)
- April 21 – David L. Boren, American politician
- April 23 – Ray Tomlinson, American computer programmer (d. 2016)
- April 24 – Richard Holbrooke, American diplomat (d. 2010)
- April 26 – John Mitchell, American composer and educator
- April 27
- April 28 – K. Barry Sharpless, American chemist, double Nobel Prize laureate
May
June
- June 2 – Stacy Keach, American actor
- June 5 Spalding Gray, American actor, screenwriter (d. 2004)
- Robert Kraft, American businessman
- June 8 – Fuzzy Haskins, American musician
- June 10 – Mickey Jones, American rock drummer and actor (d. 2018)
- June 14 – John Edgar Wideman, African-American novelist, author and professor
- June 15
- June 16 – Lamont Dozier, American songwriter (d. 2022)
- June 21
- Mitty Collier, American church pastor, gospel singer and former rhythm and blues singer
- Joe Flaherty, American-Canadian actor, comedian (Second City Television) (d. 2024)
- Neal Adams, American comic book artist
- Jimmy Rayl, American professional basketball player (d. 2019)
- June 22
- June 24
- June 25
- Miles Feinstein, American criminal law defense attorney, legal commentator
- Mike Stoker, American firefighter, engineer and captain
- June 26 – Nick Macarchuk, American basketball head coach
- June 27
- Jerry Allen, American football player
- Mike Honda, American politician and educator
- June 28
- June 29
July
- July 2 – Chris Noel, American actress
- July 4
- July 5
- July 7 – Louis Friedman, American astronautics engineer, space spokesperson
- July 8
- July 9 – Tom Black, American professional basketball player
- July 10 – Robert Pine, American actor
- July 13 – Robert Forster, American actor
- July 14 – Maulana Karenga, African-American author, activist; founder of Kwanzaa
- July 16
- July 21 – Gary Waslewski, American baseball player
- July 25 – Emmett Till, African American victim of lynching (d. 1955)
- July 26 – Darlene Love, African-American singer, actress
- July 28 – Michael Mukasey, American politician and lawyer, 81st United States Attorney General
- July 29 – Jennifer Dunn, American politician (d. 2007)
August
- August 3 – Martha Stewart, American television personality and media entrepreneur
- August 4 – Ted Strickland, American politician
- August 5 – Gil Garcetti, American politician
- August 6 – Lyle Berman, American poker player
- August 8
- August 9 – Shirlee Busbee, novelist
- August 10 – Joel Belz, American publisher (d. 2024)
- August 12 – Deborah Walley, actress (d. 2001)
- August 14
- August 20 – Joyce Pensato, American painter (d. 2019)
- August 21 – Jackie DeShannon, American singer-songwriter (What the World Needs Now)
- August 26 – Barbara Ehrenreich, American writer and political activist (d. 2022)[26]
September
- September 2 – John Thompson, American basketball coach (d. 2020)
- September 3 – Dave Herman, American football player (d. 2022)[27]
- September 6 – Danny K. Davis, African-American politician
- September 8 – Bernie Sanders, American politician[28]
- September 9
- September 10 – Stephen Jay Gould, American paleontologist and evolutionist (d. 2002)
- September 15 – Signe Toly Anderson, American singer (d. 2016)[29]
- September 17 – Bob Matsui, American politician (d. 2005)
- September 18 – Priscilla Mitchell, American country music singer (d. 2014)
- September 19 – Cass Elliot, American singer (The Mamas & the Papas) (d. 1974)
- September 20 – Dale Chihuly, American glass sculptor
- September 21 – R. James Woolsey Jr., American lawyer and diplomat
- September 22 – Jeremiah Wright, pastor
- September 23 – George Jackson, American author (d. 1971)
- September 24
- Guy Hovis, American singer
- Linda McCartney, American activist, musician and photographer (d. 1998)
- Lynne Taetzsch, American painter and writer
- September 27 – Sam Zell, American publisher, investor (d. 2023)
- September 28 – Charley Taylor, American football player (d. 2022)[30]
October
- October 2 – John Sinclair, American poet (d. 2024)[31]
- October 3 – Chubby Checker, African-American rhythm and blues singer
- October 4
- October 5 – Roy Book Binder, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- October 8 – Jesse Jackson, African-American clergyman and civil rights activist
- October 9 – Trent Lott, American politician
- October 10 – Peter Coyote, actor, author, director, screenwriter and narrator of films, theatre, television and audio books
- October 16 – Tim McCarver, baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2023)
- October 17 – Earl Thomas Conley, country music singer (d. 2019)
- October 23 – Mel Winkler, actor (d. 2020)
- October 25 – Anne Tyler, novelist
- October 27 – Dick Trickle, race car driver (d. 2013)
- October 30 – Otis Williams, singer[33]
- October 31 – Sally Kirkland, actress
November
- November 1 – Robert Foxworth, actor
- November 5 – Art Garfunkel, singer
- November 6
- November 8 – William K. Brewster, politician and pharmacist (d. 2022)
- November 9 – Tom Fogerty, guitarist (Creedence Clearwater Revival) (d. 1990)
- November 12 – Carol Gluck, historian, author, and academic
- November 13
- November 19 – Dan Haggerty, American actor (d. 2016)
-
- Oliver Sipple, American man known for intervening to prevent an assassination attempt against President Gerald Ford (d. 1989)
- November 25
- Ralph Haben, American politician, Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives
- Mike Moore, American baseball executive (d. 2022)
- November 27
December
- December 6 – Richard Speck, American mass murderer (d. 1991)
- December 7 – Melba Pattillo Beals, American journalist and activist
- December 8
- December 9 – Beau Bridges, American actor
- December 10 – Susan Catania, American politician (d. 2023)
- December 11
- December 12 – Katharine Lee Reid, American art historian and museum curator (d. 2022)
- December 13 – John Davidson, American singer and actor
- December 19 – Maurice White, African-American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer, founder of Earth, Wind & Fire (d. 2016)
- December 21 – Jared Martin, American actor (d. 2017)
- December 23
- December 24 – Lex Hixon, American Sufi author, poet, and spiritual teacher (d. 1995)
- December 27 – Miles Aiken, American basketball player and coach
- December 29 – Richard Dyer, American music critic (d. 2024)
- December 30 – Mel Renfro, American football player
Full date unknown
Deaths
- January 2 – Charles Hanford Henderson, educator and author (b. 1861)
- January 8 – Jennie Tuttle Hobart, Second Lady of the United States as wife of Garret Hobart (b. 1849)
- January 12 – Mary Onahan Gallery, writer and editor (b. 1866)
- January 20 – Joe Penner, Hungarian-American actor (b. 1904)
- January 20 – John Bissinger, Olympic gymnast (b. 1879)
- February 2 – Harris Laning, admiral (b. 1873)
- February 9 – Aaron S. Watkins, presidential candidate (Prohibition Party) (born 1863)
- February 20 – Charles Rockwell Lanman, Sanskrit scholar (b. 1850)
- February 27 – William D. Byron, Congressman (b. 1895)
- March 6 – Gutzon Borglum, artist, sculptor, creator of the Mount Rushmore National Memorial (b. 1867)
- March 8 – Sherwood Anderson, fiction writer (b. 1876)
- March 13 – Elizabeth Madox Roberts, novelist and poet (b. 1881)
- April 13 – Annie Jump Cannon, astronomer (b. 1863)
- June 11 – Daniel Carter Beard, American scouting pioneer (b. 1850)
- June 21 – Elliott Dexter, American actor (b. 1870)
- June 26 – Andrew Jackson Houston, American politician (b. 1854)
- June 28 – Richard Carle, American actor (b. 1871)
- July 10 – Jelly Roll Morton, African American jazz pianist (b. 1890)
- July 12 – Carl Jules Weyl, art director and Reichswehr soldier (born 1890 in Germany)
- July 20 – Lew Fields, American vaudeville performer (b. 1867)
- July 25 – Allan Forrest, American actor (b. 1885)
- July 26 – Benjamin Lee Whorf, linguist (b. 1897)
- July 30 – Mickey Welch, American baseball player, MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1859)
- September 13 – Elias Disney, farmer, father of Walt Disney (born 1859)
- October 5 – Louis Brandeis, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1856)
- October 8 – Gus Kahn, lyricist (born 1886 in Germany)
- October 23 – Anton Marius Andersen, Lutheran minister (b. 1847)
- October 29 – Harvey Hendrick, baseball player (b. 1897)
- November 10 – Grace Ingalls, youngest sister of author Laura Ingalls Wilder (b. 1877)
- November 12 – Abe Reles, mobster (b. 1907)
- December 7 – Attack on Pearl Harbor: U.S. Navy personnel
- December 25 – Blanche Bates, stage actress (b. 1873)
See also
Notes and References
- Book: Wilkins, Mira . The History of Foreign Investment in the United States, 1914-1945 (Harvard Studies in Business History) . Harvard University Press . 2004 . 9780674013087 . 453 . May 6, 2024 . Google Books.
- Book: PLUNDER AND RESTITUTION: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report . 2000 . Chapter III: Assets in the United States . May 5, 2024.
- News: Nolan. Jenny. 1997-01-28. Willow Run and the Arsenal of Democracy. https://archive.today/20121204140927/http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=73&category=locations. 2012-12-04. The Detroit News. 2017-12-24.
- Web site: About Bulova. Bulova. 2021-03-17. 2009-02-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20090220122718/http://bulova.com/about/about.aspx. dead.
- Web site: A U. S. Television Chronology, 1875–1970. jeff560.tripod.com.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20110415103322/http://articles.philly.com/ Hero thrill show
- Book: Record, Jeffrey . JAPAN'S DECISION FOR WAR IN 1941: SOME ENDURING LESSONS . February 1, 2009 . Strategic Studies Institute and United States Army War College . 14 & 15 . Japanese Aggression and U.S. Policy Responses, 1937-41. . Japan's Decision for War in 1941 . JSTOR.
- Book: The Diplomatic Stalemate of Japan and the United States: 1941 . May 24, 1973 . Portland State University . 140 . Thesis.
- Anderson, Jr. . Irvine H. . May 1975 . The 1941 De Facto Embargo on Oil to Japan: A Bureaucratic Reflex . Pacific Historical Review . 44 . 2 . 224 . 10.2307/3638003 . 3638003 . January 1, 2024 . JSTOR.
- Web site: 'Lightning' strikes 1st Pursuit Group. John. DeShetler. 2006-11-20. United States Air Force.
- News: December 10, 1941 . Thailand Assets Are Frozen . May 5, 2024 . The New York Times.
- Web site: A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Hungary . May 5, 2024 . United States Department of State: Office of the Historian.
- Web site: A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Romania . May 5, 2024 . United States Department of State: Office of The Historian.
- Web site: A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Bulgaria . May 5, 2024 . United States Department of State: Office of the Historian.
- Web site: The United States Naval Academy Alumni Association and Foundation. 2014-12-04.
- [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Colorado Precipitation: January to December
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; New Mexico Precipitation: January to December
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Tennessee Precipitation: January to December
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; New Hampshire Precipitation: January to December
- News: The Gosnell case: Here's what you need to know. .
- Book: The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Colin Larkin. Guinness Publishing. 1992. First. 0-85112-939-0. 438/9.
- https://www.al.com/news/2022/04/baldwin-county-lawmaker-steve-mcmillan-alabama-house-member-for-over-40-years-has-died.html Baldwin County lawmaker Steve McMillan, Alabama House member for over 40 years, has died
- https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/former-us-rep-william-delahunt-massachusetts-died-age-82-rcna145824 Former U.S. Rep. William Delahunt of Massachusetts has died at age 82
- Web site: Berning, Susie Maxwell The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture . www.okhistory.org . 22 March 2020.
- https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/sep/02/barbara-ehrenreich-author-dies-nickel-and-dimed Barbara Ehrenreich, author who resisted injustice, dies aged 81
- Web site: Jets Super Bowl champion Dave Herman dead at 81 . 2022-10-21 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20230326220414/https://nypost.com/2022/10/21/jets-super-bowl-champion-dave-herman-dead-at-81/ . 2023-03-26 . live .
- Web site: Bernie Sanders Biography & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 15 October 2020 . en.
- News: Signe Anderson, Jefferson Airplane Singer, Dies at 74. July 4, 2016. The New York Times. February 2, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160209074152/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/02/arts/music/signe-anderson-jefferson-airplane-singer-dies-at-74.html. February 9, 2016. live.
- https://www.legacy.com/news/celebrity-deaths/charley-taylor-1941-2022-hall-of-fame-wide-receiver/ Charley Taylor (1941–2022), Hall of Fame wide receiver
- https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/04/us/john-sinclair-dead.html John Sinclair, 82, Dies; Counterculture Activist Who Led a ‘Guitar Army’
- Web site: Anne Rice Biography, Books, & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 19 May 2021 . en.
- Ribowsky, Mark (2010). Ain't Too Proud to Beg: The Troubled Lives and Endearing Soul of the Temptations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 7–9
- News: Sweeting . Adam . Guy Clark obituary . October 25, 2016. . May 19, 2016.
- News: Riemenschneider, Chris 2. November 25, 1999. Doug Sahm: a life in music. Austin American-Statesman. Newspapers.com. February 12, 2021.
- Hainley. Bruce. May 1995. O Jackie. Artforum. 33.
