1940 in Germany explained

Events in the year 1940 in Germany.

Incumbents

National level

Head of State and Chancellor

• Adolf Hitler (the Führer) (Nazi Party)

Events

January

• 4 January — World War II: (Axis powers): Luftwaffe General Hermann Göring assumes control of most war industries in Germany.
• 10 January — World War II: Mechelen Incident: A German plane carrying secret plans for the invasion of western Europe makes a forced landing in Belgium, leading to mobilization of defense forces in the Low Countries.

February

• 16 February — World War II: Altmark Incident: The British destroyer pursues the German tanker Altmark into Jøssingfjord in southwestern Norway.^[1]

March

• 18 March — World War II: Axis powers: Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet at Brenner Pass in the Alps and agree to form an alliance against France and the United Kingdom.
• 31 March — World War II: Commerce raiding hilfskreuzer Atlantis, leaves the Wadden Sea for what will become the longest warship cruise of the war. (622 days without in-port replenishment or repair)^[2]

April

• • • 9 April World War II: Germany carries out Operation Weserübung, and invades Denmark and Norway. German forces land in several Norwegian ports and take Oslo; The Norwegian Campaign lasts two months. The Allied campaign in Norway is simultaneously commenced.
  • German invasion of Norway: German heavy cruiser Blücher is sunk by gunfire and torpedoes from the Norwegian coastal fortress Oscarsborg in the Oslofjord. Of the 2,202 German crew and troops on board, some 830 died (at least 320 of them crewmen). Most either drowned or burnt to death in the flaming oil slick surrounding the wreck.
• 20 April - on his 51st birthday, Hitler orders the formation of a new SS regiment, containing Norwegians and Danes as well as Germans.

May

• 10 May — World War II: Battle of France begins – German forces invade Low Countries.
• 13 May — World War II: German armies open a 60miles wide breach in the Maginot Line at Sedan, France.
• 13—14 May — Rotterdam is subjected to savage terror bombing by the Luftwaffe; 980 are killed, and 20,000 buildings destroyed.^[3]
• 17 May — Brussels falls to German forces.
• 20 May
  • World War II: German forces (2nd Panzer division), under General Rudolf Veiel, reach Noyelles on the English Channel.
  • Holocaust

The Nazi German concentration and extermination camp Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest of the German concentration camps, opens in occupied Poland near the town of Oświęcim. Between May 1940 and January 1945, around 1.1 million people were killed there.

June

• 3 June
  • The Holocaust

Nazi leader Franz Rademacher proposes the Madagascar Plan, under which the Jewish population of Europe would be relocated to the island of Madagascar.^[4]

• • World War II: Paris is bombed by the Luftwaffe for the first time.
• 10 June — World War II: Norway surrenders to German forces.
• 14 June — World War II: Fall of Paris to German occupation.
• 15 June — World War II: Verdun falls to German forces.
• 17 June — A Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 88 bomber sinks the British ship RMS Lancastria, which was evacuating troops from near Saint-Nazaire, France, killing some 5,800 men.^[5] (Wartime censorship prevents the story from becoming public.)
• 21 June — World War II: Vichy France and Germany sign an armistice at Compiegne, in the same wagon-lit railroad car used by Marshal Ferdinand Foch to accept the surrender of Germany in 1918.
• 23 June — World War II: German leader Adolf Hitler surveys newly defeated Paris in now occupied France.^[6]
• 30 June — World War II: German forces land in Guernsey, marking the start of the 5-year Occupation of the Channel Islands.

July

• 14 July — World War II: Winston Churchill, in a worldwide broadcast, proclaims the intention of Great Britain to fight alone against Germany whatever the outcome.
• 19 July — World War II: Adolf Hitler promotes 12 generals to field marshal during the 1940 Field Marshal Ceremony following the swift victory over France, and makes a peace appeal to Britain in an address to the Reichstag. Lord Halifax, British foreign minister, flatly rejects peace terms in a broadcast reply on 22 July.

August

• 8 August — World War II: Wilhelm Keitel signs the "Aufbau Ost" directive, which eventually leads to the invasion of the Soviet Union.
• 30 August — Second Vienna Award: Germany and Italy compel Romania to cede half of Transylvania to Hungary.

September

• 5 September — World War II: Commerce raiding hilfskreuzer Komet enters the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait after crossing the Arctic Ocean from the North Sea with the help of Soviet icebreakers Lenin, Stalin, and Kaganovich.^[7]
• 7 September — World War II: The Blitz – Germany begins to rain bombs on London (the first of 57 consecutive nights of strategic bombing).
• 22 September — First flight of Heinkel He 280
• 27 September — World War II: Germany, Italy and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact.

October

• 18–19 October — World War II: Thirty-two ships are sunk from Convoy SC 7 and Convoy HX 79 by the most effective wolfpack of the war including Kretschmer, Prien and Schepke.

November

• 11 November — World War II: The German Hilfskreuzer (commerce raider) Atlantis captures top secret British mail, and sends it to Japan.
• 14 November — World War II: The city of Coventry, England is destroyed by 500 German Luftwaffe bombers (150,000 fire bombs, 503 tons of high explosives, and 130 parachute mines level 60,000 of the city's 75,000 buildings; 568 people are killed).
• 16 November — World War II: In response to Germany levelling Coventry 2 days before, the Royal Air Force begins to bomb Hamburg (by war's end, 50,000 Hamburg residents will have died from Allied attacks).
• 18 November — World War II: German leader Adolf Hitler and Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano meet to discuss Benito Mussolini's disastrous invasion of Greece.

December

• 12 December & 15 December — World War II: "Sheffield Blitz" – The City of Sheffield is badly damaged by German air-raids.
• 16 December — World War II: Operation Abigail Rachel – RAF bombing of Mannheim.
• 29 December — World War II: Luftwaffe carries out a massive incendiary bombing raid on London, UK, starting 1,500 fires. Many famous buildings, including the Guildhall and Trinity House, are either damaged or destroyed.

Date unknown

• In 1940, German optometrist Heinrich Wöhlk invented plastic Contact lenses.
• hülsta (hülsta-werke Hüls GmbH & Co. KG), a German furniture manufacturer is founded in Stadtlohn.^[8]

Births

• 4 January — Helmut Jahn, German architect (died 2021)
• 16 January — Franz Müntefering, German politician
• 23 January - Armin Maiwald, German author, television director and producer
• 24 January — Joachim Gauck, President of Germany
• 28 January - Bernd Klingner, German sport shooter
• 31 January - Werner Franke, German biologist (died 2022)
• 9 February — Hubert Burda, German publisher
• 17 February
  • Willi Holdorf, German athlete (died 2020)
  • Winfried Hassemer, German judge (died 2014)
• 20 February - Christoph Eschenbach, German conductor^[9]
• 29 February - Margit Carstensen, German actress (died 2023)^[10]
• 2 March — Lothar de Maizière, German politician
• 4 March — Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem, German judge
• 7 March — Rudi Dutschke, German radical student leader (died 1979)^[11]
• 17 March — Gottfried Münzenberg, German chemist
• 21 March — Paul Friedrichs German motocross racer (died 2012)
• 26 March — Victor von Halem, German operatic bass (died 2022)
• 22 April — Berndt Seite, German politician
• 3 May — Conny Plank, German musician (died 1987)
• 11 June — Volkmar Sigusch, German sexologist, physician and sociologist (died 2023)
• 15 June — Franz Wegner, German physicist
• 20 June — Eugen Drewermann, German theologian
  • • 21 June Brigitte Boehme, German lawyer and church administrator in Bremen
  • Notker Wolf, German monk (died 2024)
• 25 June — Peer Augustinski, German actor and comedian (died 2014)
  • • 7 July Wolfgang Clement, German politician (died 2020)
  • Rosel Zech, German actress (died 2011)
• 27 July — Pina Bausch, German choreographer (died 2009)
• 7 August — Martin Heisenberg, German neurobiologist
• 9 August — Marie-Luise Marjan, German actress
• 13 August — Dirk Sager, German journalist (died 2014)
• 15 August — Dietmar Schwager, German football player (died 2018)
• 25 September — Werner Münch, German politician
• 27 September — Rudolph Moshammer, German fashion designer (died 2005)
• 26 October — Tilo Prückner, German actor
• 29 October — Heinrich Mussinghoff, German bishop of Roman Catholic Church
• 2 November — Carolin Reiber, German television presenter
• 15 November — Klaus Ampler, German cyclist (died 2016)
• 22 November — Frank Duval, German composer, conductor, songwriter and singer
• 24 November — Hermann Otto Solms, German politician
• 7 December — Klaus Tschira, German entrepreneur (died 2015)
• 12 December — Ulla Wiesner, German singer
• 18 December — Klaus Wennemann, German actor (died 2000)
• 22 December — Eberhard Schöler, German table tennis player
• 29 December — Brigitte Kronauer, German writer
• 30 December — Renate Jaeger, German judge

Deaths

• 2 January — Albert Richter, German cyclist (born 1912)
• 2 February — Carl Grünberg, German philosopher (born 1861)
• 9 February — William Dodd, United States Ambassador to Germany from 1933 to 1937, historian and author (born 1869)
• 27 February — Peter Behrens, German architect (born 1868)
• 29 February — Josef Swickard, German actor (born 1866)^[12]
• 3 March — Karl Muck, German conductor (born 1859)^[13]
• 15 March — Robert Leffler, German actor and singer (born 1866)
• 20 March — Alfred Ploetz, German physician, biologist, and eugenicist (born 1860)
  • • 25 April Otto Hintze, German historian (born 1861)
  • Wilhelm Dörpfeld, German architect and archaeologist (born 1853)
• 26 April — Carl Bosch, German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (born 1874)^[14]
• 26 May — Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (born 1906)
• 6 June — Arthur Zimmermann, German diplomat (born 1864)
• 22 June — Walter Hasenclever, German poet and playwright (born 1890)^[15]
• 5 July — Friedrich Robert von Beringe, German army officer (born 1865)
• 19 July — Max Bodenheimer, lawyer (born 1865)
• 21 July — Elisabeth von Eicken, painter (born 1862)
• 1 August — Paul Hirsch, German politician (born 1868)
• 24 August — Paul Nipkow, German technician and inventor (born 1860)
• 26 September — Walter Benjamin, German philosopher and cultural critic (born 1892)^[16]
• 11 October – Adolf von Trotha, German admiral (born 1868)
• 28 November — Helmut Wick, wing commander in the Luftwaffe (born 1915)
• 1 December — Johann Viktor Bredt, German jurist and politician (born 1879)
• 3 December — Wolff von Stutterheim, Wehrmacht general and Knight's Cross recipient (born 1893)
• 11 December — Fritz Erler, German painter (born 1868)

Further reading

• Bloch, Leon Bryce and Lamar Middleton, ed. The World Over in 1940 (1941) detailed coverage of world events online free; 914pp

Notes and References

1. Book: The Altmark Affair. Willi Frischaur & Robert Jackson. 1955. Macmillan. New York, NY. 246.
2. Book: Muggenthaler, August Karl. German Raiders of World War II. Prentice-Hall. 1977. 978-0-13-354027-7. 14.
3. Web site: First official list of victims of Rotterdam bombing published after 82 years . DutchNews.nl . 12 April 2022 . 12 April 2022 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220412132124/https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2022/04/first-official-list-of-victims-of-rotterdam-bombing-published-after-82-years/ . 2022-04-12 .
4. Book: Longerich, Peter . Peter Longerich . Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews . 2010 . 978-0-19-280436-5 . Oxford University Press . Oxford; New York . 162.
5. Book: Hooton, E.R.. Luftwaffe at War: Blitzkrieg in the West. Chevron/Ian Allan. 2007. London. 88. 978-1-85780-272-6.
6. Web site: Essential Facts About the Holocaust. 2011-02-10. 2008-10-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20081005022240/http://history1900s.about.com/library/holocaust/blhitler38.htm. dead.
7. Book: Muggenthaler, August Karl. German Raiders of World War II. Prentice-Hall. 1977. 978-0-13-354027-7. 58.
8. Web site: Land der Ideen | Deutschland | hülsta-werke . Land-der-ideen.de . 2012-09-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120402195229/http://www.land-der-ideen.de/365-orte/preistraeger/huelsta-werke . 2012-04-02 . dead .
9. Book: Roy Hemming. Discovering Great Music: A New Listener's Guide to the Top Classical Composers and Their Best Recordings. Newmarket Press. 9781557042101. 1994. 248.
10. https://www.barrons.com/news/fassbinder-star-margit-carstensen-dead-at-83-4301d7c3 Fassbinder Star Margit Carstensen Dead At 83
11. Book: Dutschke-Klotz, Gretchen. Rudi Dutschke. Kiepenheuer und Witsch. 1996. 978-3-462-02573-6. Köln. 38-,53-,172, 227, 459.
12. News: JOSEPH SWICKARD; Veteran Screen Actor, 73, Had Roles in Many Productions. 30 July 2021. 3 March 1940. The New York Times.
13. News: New York Times. Karl Muck Dies; Noted Wagnerian. March 5, 1940. January 13, 2010.
14. Encyclopedia: Carl Bosch German chemist. Encyclopedia Britannica. 9 December 2017. en.
15. Book: Taussig, Michael . April 13, 2010 . Walter Benjamin's Grave. University of Chicago Press . 12 . 978-0226790008.
16. Book: Witte, Bernd. Walter Benjamin: An Intellectual Biography (English translation). registration. 1991. Wayne State University Press. Detroit, MI. 0-8143-2018-X. 9.