| Election Name: | 1940 Australian federal election |
| Country: | Australia |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1937 Australian federal election |
| Previous Year: | 1937 |
| Next Election: | 1943 Australian federal election |
| Next Year: | 1943 |
| Outgoing Members: | Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1937–1940 |
| Elected Members: | Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1940–1943 |
| Registered: | 4,239,346 |
| Turnout: | 3,979,009 (94.82%) (1.31 pp) |
| Seats For Election: | All 75 seats of the House of Representatives 38 seats were needed for a majority in the House 19 (of the 36) seats of the Senate |
| Election Date: | 21 September 1940 |
| Leader1: | Robert Menzies |
| Leader Since1: | 26 April 1939 |
| Party1: | UAP/Country coalition |
| Leaders Seat1: | Kooyong (Vic.) |
| Last Election1: | 44 seats |
| Seats1: | 36 |
| Seat Change1: | 8 |
| Percentage1: | 43.93% |
| Swing1: | 4.65 |
| 1Data1: | 49.70% |
| 2Data1: | 0.90 |
| Leader2: | John Curtin |
| Leader Since2: | 1 October 1935 |
| Party2: | Australian Labor Party |
| Leaders Seat2: | Fremantle (WA) |
| Last Election2: | 29 seats |
| Seats2: | 32 |
| Seat Change2: | 3 |
| Percentage2: | 40.16% |
| Swing2: | 3.01 |
| 1Data2: | 50.30% |
| 2Data2: | 0.90 |
| 1Blank: | TPP |
| 2Blank: | TPP swing |
| Leader3: | Jack Lang |
| Leader Since3: | 1940 |
| Colour3: | E2725B |
| Party3: | Lang Labor |
| Leaders Seat3: | Did not run |
| Last Election3: | new party |
| Seats3: | 4 |
| Seat Change3: | 4 |
| Popular Vote3: | --> |
| Prime Minister | |
| Before Election: | Robert Menzies |
| Before Party: | UAP/Country coalition |
| Posttitle: | Subsequent Prime Minister |
| After Election: | Robert Menzies |
| After Party: | UAP/Country coalition |
The 1940 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 21 September 1940. All 74 seats in the House of Representatives and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Coalition, consisting of the United Australia Party led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies and the Country Party led by Archie Cameron, defeated the opposition Labor Party under John Curtin despite losing the overall popular vote.
The Coalition won 36 seats, two short of a majority, but formed a government on 28 October 1940 with the support of both independent crossbenchers, Alexander Wilson and Arthur Coles. The four MPs elected to Lang Labor's successor, the Australian Labor Party (Non-Communist), officially re-joined the ALP just months after the election in February 1941, bringing the ALP to 36 seats. The UAP–Country minority government lasted only until October 1941, when the two independents crossed the floor and allowed the ALP to form a minority government with Curtin as prime minister. It remains the only time since the 1910 introduction of the two-party system where the government has changed as the result of a parliamentary confidence vote.
Future opposition leaders H.V. Evatt and Arthur Calwell both entered parliament at this election.
The 15th parliament elected in the 1937 election first sat on 30 November 1937.[1] Under the constitution, the parliament would expire in November 1940 and a general election would have to held by January 1941.[2] [3] Throughout 1940, there were debates on whether the general election should be held or postponed in the midst of a world war.[4] Throughout July and August 1940, Prime Minister Robert Menzies contemplated the prospect of an early election.[5] The loss of three Cabinet ministers in the 1940 Canberra air disaster on 13 August also meant that three by-elections would have been required, followed within a few short months by a general election.
Both the Coalition and Labor supported Australia's ongoing participation in World War II. The Coalition's advertisements asked Australians to "Cast Your Vote for Unity and an All-in War Effort / Back the Government that's Backing Churchill", with a large picture of the British Prime Minister. Labor promised "A New Deal / for the Soldier / for the Soldier's wife / Widows, the Aged and Infirm / the Taxpayer / the Working Man / the Primary Producer".[6]
See main article: Results of the 1940 Australian federal election (House of Representatives).
| Votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UAP–Country coalition | 1,703,185 | 43.93 | –4.65 | 36 | –8 | ||||
| United Australia | 1,171,788 | 30.22 | –3.49 | 23 | –5 | ||||
| Country | 531,397 | 13.71 | –1.84 | 13 | –3 | ||||
| Labor | 1,556,941 | 40.16 | -3.01 | 32 | +3 | ||||
| Labor (Non-Communist) | 202,721 | 5.23 | +5.23 | 4 | +4 | ||||
| State Labor | 101,191 | 2.61 | +2.61 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Defence Movement | 15,313 | 0.40 | +0.40 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Protestant Labor | 8,300 | 0.21 | +0.21 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Independents | 289,335 | 7.46 | +1.90 | 3 | 0 | ||||
| Total | 3,876,986 | 75 | |||||||
| UAP–Country coalition | 49.70 | −0.90 | 36 | -8 | |||||
| Labor | 50.30 | +0.90 | 32 | +3 | |||||
| Votes | % | Swing | Seats won | Seats held | Change | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UAP–Country coalition | 1,831,138 | 50.41 | +3.70 | 16 | 19 | –1 | |||
| UAP–Country joint ticket | 1,649,241 | 45.40 | +16.72 | 10 | N/A | N/A | |||
| United Australia | 181,897 | 5.01 | –11.12 | 6 | 15 | –1 | |||
| Country | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0 | 4 | 0 | |||
| Labor | 1,363,072 | 37.52 | –10.96 | 3 | 17 | +1 | |||
| Non-Communist Labor | 274,861 | 7.57 | +7.57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| State Labor | 70,091 | 1.93 | +1.93 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Defence Movement | 9,536 | 0.26 | +0.26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Independents | 84,119 | 2.32 | –1.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Total | 3,632,817 | 19 | 36 | ||||||