| Election Name: | 1938 United States Senate Democratic primary special election in Alabama |
| Country: | Alabama |
| Flag Year: | 1912 |
| Type: | Presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1932 United States Senate election in Alabama |
| Previous Year: | 1932 |
| Next Election: | 1944 United States Senate election in Alabama |
| Next Year: | 1944 |
| Election Date: | January 4, 1938 |
| Image1: | File:Listerhill (1) (retouched) (cropped).jpg |
| Nominee1: | Lister Hill |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 90,601 |
| Percentage1: | 61.81% |
| Nominee2: | James Thomas Heflin |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 50,189 |
| Percentage2: | 34.24% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Dixie Bibb Graves |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
| After Election: | J. Lister Hill |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
There were 2 elections due to the August 19, 1937, resignation of two-term Democrat Hugo Black. Democrat Dixie Bibb Graves was appointed August 20, 1937 (by her husband, the governor) to finish Black's term
J. Lister Hill won the primary on Jan 4, 1938 with 61.81% of the vote.
After congressman J. Lister Hill won the January 4, 1938, Democratic primary, Graves resigned and Hill was appointed to continue the term until the April 26, 1938, special election, which he won unopposed.