| Election Name: | 1938 Combined Scottish Universities by-election |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Country: | United Kingdom |
| Seats For Election: | Constituency of Combined Scottish Universities |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1936 Combined Scottish Universities by-election |
| Previous Year: | 1936 |
| Next Election: | 1945 United Kingdom general election |
| Next Year: | 1945 |
| Election Date: | 21–25 February 1938 |
| Candidate1: | John Anderson |
| Party1: | National Government (United Kingdom) |
| Popular Vote1: | 14,042 |
| Percentage1: | 48.8% |
| Swing1: | 7.7% |
| Candidate2: | Frances Melville |
| Party2: | Independent (politician) |
| Popular Vote2: | 5,618 |
| Percentage2: | 19.5% |
| Candidate4: | Andrew Dewar Gibb |
| Image4: | SNP |
| Party4: | Scottish National Party |
| Popular Vote4: | 5,246 |
| Percentage4: | 18.2% |
| Swing4: | 12.9% |
| Candidate5: | Peter Chalmers Mitchell |
| Party5: | Independent Progressive |
| Popular Vote5: | 3,868 |
| Percentage5: | 13.5% |
| MP | |
| Before Election: | Ramsay MacDonald |
| Before Party: | National Labour Organisation |
| After Election: | John Anderson |
| After Party: | National Government (United Kingdom) |
| Turnout: | 52.1% (2.7%) |
The 1938 Combined Scottish Universities by-election was a by-election held from 21 to 25 February 1938 for the Combined Scottish Universities, a university constituency of the British House of Commons.
The seat had become vacant when the National Labour Member of Parliament (MP) (and former Prime Minister), Ramsay MacDonald had died on 9 November 1937, aged 71. He had held the seat since the by-election in 1936, having held several other seats since he was first elected to Parliament at the 1906 general election.
The parties in the National Government did not usually stand candidates against each other, and since in this case the seat was held by National Labour, there was no Unionist or National Liberal candidate.
The National Government supported a "National" candidate Sir John Anderson, a former civil servant who had been Governor of Bengal from 1932 to 1937.
The Scottish National Party candidate was Andrew Dewar Gibb, the Regius Professor of Law at Glasgow University who had also contested the by-election in 1936. Two other candidates stood as independents.
The result was a victory for Anderson (the National candidate), won nearly 50% of the votes, the remainder being quite evenly between the other candidates.[1] He held the seat until the university constituencies were abolished for the 1950 general election.