1934 in Germany explained

Events in the year 1934 in Germany.

Incumbents

National level

Head of State

• President:
  • Paul von Hindenburg (until 2 August 1934)
  • Adolf Hitler (from 2 August 1934; as Führer and Chancellor)
• Chancellor:
  • Adolf Hitler (Nazi Party)

Events

• 1 January — Germany passes the "Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring".^[1]
• 10 January — Marinus van der Lubbe is executed in Germany.
• 26 January — The 10 year German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact is signed by Germany and the Second Polish Republic.
• 20 March — All the police forces in Germany come under the command of Heinrich Himmler.
• 29 May-31 May — The Confessional Synod of the German Evangelical Church meets in Barmen, Germany to write the Barmen Declaration.
• 30 June —
  • The Nazi SA camp Oranienburg becomes a national camp, taken over by the SS.
  • Night of the Long Knives

Nazis purge the SA.^[2]

• 10 July — German Social Democrat and author Erich Mühsam is killed in Oranienburg concentration camp.
• 2 August — President Paul von Hindenburg dies and Adolf Hitler declares himself Führer of Germany, becoming head of state as well as Chancellor.
• 19 August — German voters retroactively endorse Hitler's assumption of the powers of head of state in a referendum, with 89.9% in favor; Hitler effectively becomes the absolute dictator of Germany.^[3]
• 5–10 September — The 6th Nazi Party Congress is held in Nuremberg, attended by about 700,000 Nazi Party supporters and the Leni Riefenstahl film Triumph des Willens is made at this rally.^[4]

Births

• 1 January - Hans Huber, German boxer
• 4 January - Hellmuth Karasek, German journalist, literary critic, novelist and author (died 2015)
• 29 January - Paul Gutama Soegijo, German musician and composer (died 2019)^[5]
• 20 March - Peter Berling, German actor (died 2017)
• 27 March
  • Jutta Limbach, German politician and jurist (died 2016)^[6]
  • Peter Schamoni, German film director (died 2011)
• 1 April - Elmar Faber, German book publisher (died 2017)
• 5 April - Roman Herzog, German politician, President of Germany (died 2017)
• 13 April - Siegfried Matthus, German composer (died 2021)
• 27 April - Jürgen Kühling, German judge (died 2019)
• 6 May - Oskar Gottlieb Blarr, German composer
• 27 May - Uwe Friedrichsen, German actor (died 2016)
• 21 June - Josef Stoer, German mathematician
• 3 July
  • Klaus von Beyme, German political scientist (died 2021)
  • Berthold Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German general
• 10 July - Alfred Biolek, German television presenter (died 2021)
  • • 17 July Rainer Kirsch, German journalist and writer (died 2015)
  • Horst Steinmann, German economist
• 20 July - Uwe Johnson, German writer (died 1984)
• 29 July — Albert Speer, Jr., German architect (died 2017)
  • • 1 August Hermann Baumann, German horn player (died 2023)
  • Oskar Negt, German philosopher (died 2024)
    • 29 August Gerhard Lohfink, German Catholic priest and theologian (died 2024)^[7]
  • Horst Szymaniak, German football player (died 2009)
• 5 September - Paul Josef Cordes, German cardinal
• 7 September - Mary Bauermeister, German artist (died 2023)
• 16 September - Hans A. Engelhard, German jurist and politician (died 2008)
• 24 September - Manfred Wörner, German politician (died 1994)
• 7 October — Ulrike Meinhof, German terrorist (died 1976)^[8]
• 19 October — Eva-Maria Hagen, German actress and singer (died 2022)^[9]
• 15 November - Martin Bangemann, German politician (died 2022)
• 21 November - Gerhard Erber, German pianist (died 2021)
• 24 November - Wolfgang Rademann, German television producer and journalist (died 2016)
• 29 November - Günter Wewel, German opera singer and television presenter (died 2023)^[10]
• 30 November - Albert, Margrave of Meissen, German nobleman (died 2012)^[11]
• 5 December - Eberhard Jüngel, German Lutheran theologian (died 2021)

Deaths

• 1 January — Jakob Wassermann, Jewish-German novelist (born 1873)
• 21 January - Paul Troost, German architect (born 1878)^[12]
• 29 January - Fritz Haber, German chemist (born 1868)
• 1 March - Wilhelm Diegelmann, German actor (born 1861)
• 7 April - Karl von Einem, Prussian Minister of War (born 1853)
• 10 June - Victor Villiger, Swiss-German chemist (born 1868)
• 19 June – Prince Bernhard of Lippe (born 1872)
• 30 June (assassinations associated with The Night of the Long Knives):
  • Gregor Strasser, German Imperial soldier and early Nazi (born 1892)
  • Kurt von Schleicher, German Imperial general, politician and former Chancellor of Germany (born 1882)
  • Gustav Ritter von Kahr, German politician (born 1862)
  • Erich Klausener, German Catholic politician (born 1885)
  • Herbert von Bose, German politician (born 1893)
  • Edmund Heines, Nazi paramilitary (born 1897)
  • Ferdinand von Bredow, German Generalmajor, former head of the Abwehr (born 1884)
  • Fritz Gerlich, German journalist and historian (born 1883)
  • Peter von Heydebreck, German Imperial Army officer and Nazi paramilitary (born 1889)
  • Karl Ernst, Nazi paramilitary (born 1904)
• July - Karl-Günther Heimsoth, German physician and polygraph (born 1899)
• 1 July
  • Edgar Julius Jung, German lawyer and political activist (born 1894)
  • Ernst Röhm, German Imperial Army officer and Nazi paramilitary (born 1887)^[13]
• 10 July - Erich Mühsam, German poet and playwright (born 1878)
• 13 July - Fritz Graebner, German ethnologist (born 1877)
• 2 August — Paul von Hindenburg, German general and politician (born 1847)
• 15 October - Samuel von Fischer, German publisher (born 1859)
• 19 October – Alexander von Kluck, German general (born 1846)
• 20 October — Hans Böhning, World War I German flying ace (born 1893)
• 12 November - Walther Bensemann, German pioneer of football and founder of the country's major sports publication, Kicker (born 1873)
• 16 November - Carl von Linde, German engineer and scientist (born 1842)
• 17 November - Joachim Ringelnatz, German writer (born 1883)
• 5 December – Oskar von Hutier, German general (born 1857)

Notes and References

1. Book: Proctor, Robert . Racial hygiene: medicine under the Nazis . Harvard University Press . Cambridge, Mass . 1988 . 9780674745780 . 108.
2. Web site: Night of the Long Knives - Summary & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 12 June 2018 . en.
3. Web site: Timeline of Events 1933-1938 . United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC.
4. Document number 2374 through PS-3311-PS. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1946. 811.
5. Raden . Franki . 20 January 2001 . Soegijo, Paul Gutama . subscription.
6. Web site: Prof. Dr. h.c. mult. Jutta Limbach feiert ihren 80. Geburtstag. 26 March 2014. Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, Karlsruhe. 9 April 2022.
7. https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2024/04/03/gerhard-lohfink-remembrance-jesus-247623 Remembering Gerhard Lohfink, who wrote the best book on Jesus I’ve ever read
8. Book: Boar, Roger . Crooks, crime and corruption . Dorset Press . New York . 1991 . 9780880296151 . 371.
9. https://www.dw.com/en/eva-maria-hagen-the-bardot-of-the-east-dies-at-87/a-62869568 Eva-Maria Hagen, the 'Bardot of the East,' dies at 87
10. https://www.tz.de/stars/volkslieder-fuer-millionen-kammersaenger-guenter-wewel-ist-tot-zr-92269962.html Volkslieder für Millionen: Kammersänger Günter Wewel ist tot
11. Obituary: Prince Albert of Saxony . Beeche, Arturo . Eurohistory . October 2012 . 15.5 . 89 . 17, 39.
12. [Sven Felix Kellerhoff|Kellerhoff, Sven Felix]
13. Book: Kershaw, Ian . 2008 . Hitler: A Biography . W. W. Norton & Company . 978-0-393-06757-6 . 312.