| 1931 Railway Cup | |
| Dates: | 8 February 1931 – 17 March 1931 |
| Teams: | 3 |
| Champions: | Munster |
| Champions Captain: | Phil Purcell |
| Count: | 4 |
| Runners-Up: | Leinster |
| Matches: | 2 |
| Goals: | 14 |
| Points: | 29 |
| Top Scorer: | Mick Ahern (6-08) |
| Previous Year: | 1930 |
| Previous Tournament: | 1930 Railway Cup Hurling Championship |
| Next Year: | 1932 |
| Next Tournament: | 1932 Railway Cup Hurling Championship |
The 1931 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the fifth series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Two matches were played between 8 February and 17 March 1931. It was contested by Connacht, who returned after a three-year absence, Leinster and Munster.
Munster entered the championship as the defending champions.
On 17 March 1931, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 1–12 to 2–06 defeat of Leinster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. This was their fourth title over all and their fourth title in succession.
Munster's Mick Ahern was the Railway Cup top scorer with 6-08.
| Rank | Player | County | Tally | Total | Matches | Average |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mick Ahern | Munster | 6-08 | 26 | 2 | 13.00 |
| 2 | Matty Power | Leinster | 2-01 | 7 | 1 | 7.00 |
| Phil Cahill | Munster | 1-04 | 7 | 2 | 3.50 |