1929 in paleontology explained

Plants

Ferns and fern allies

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Asplenium occidentale^[1]	Sp nov	Jr synonym	Berry	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation		A spleenwort species. A jr homonym of Asplenium occidentale Knowlton (1917) Moved to Osmunda occidentale (1940)
Woodsia bonseri	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation		A woodsia fern species.
Woodwardia praeradicans	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation		A chain fern species.

Conifers

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Pinus latahensis	Sp nov	Valid	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation		A 5-needle pine species
Pinus macrophylla	Sp nov	Homonym	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation		A 3-needle pine species. Jr homonym of Pinus macrophylla Lindley, 1839
Pinus monticolensis	Sp nov	Valid	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation		A pine seed morphospecies
Pinus tetrafolia	Sp nov	nomen dubium	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation		A punitive 4-needle pine species Noted by Berry as "highly improbable that this should represent a distinct botanic species"
Tsuga latahensis	Sp nov	Valid?	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation		First described as a hemlock conescale.^[2] Suggested to be a bud scale in 1937.^[3] Treated as an incertae sedis plant by Chaney & Axelrod (1959).^[4]

Angiosperms

Magnoliids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Liriodendron hesperia	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A Liriodendron species
Sassafras hesperia	Sp nov		Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation			A Sassafras species
Umbellularia dayana	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Berry	Miocene	Mascall Formation			An Umbellularia species Moved from Salix dayana (1902) Synonymized into Umbellularia saliciformis (1952)^[6]
Umbellularia lanceolata	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			An Umbellularia species later moved to Persea lanceolata (1946)

Superasterids - basal

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Arctostaphylos knowltoni	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			First named as a bearberry species Species synonymized into Vaccinium sophoroides (1937)
Arctostaphylos spatulata	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A bearberry species
Cornus acuminata	Sp nov	Homonym	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation			A Schoepfia species jr homonym of Cornus acuminata (Weber) Renamed Cornus republicensis in 1944 Moved to Schoepfia republicensis in 1987
Gordonia pteraformis^[7]	Comb nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			Suggested as a possible Gordonia species Moved from Carpolithes pteraformis 1929 Moved to Cedrela pteraformis (1935)
Nyssa knowltoni	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A Nyssa species Species synonymized into Ptelea miocenica (1931)
Nyssa magnifica	Comb nov	valid	(Knowlton) Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A Nyssa species Moved from Carpites magnifica (1926)^[8]
Ternstroemites idahoensis	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Berry	Miocene	Payette Formation			A theaceous species Moved from Myrica? idahoensis (1919) Moved to Gordonia idahoensis 1929
Vaccinium americanum	Comb et Syn nov	valid?	(Lesquereux) Berry	Miocene	Mascall Formation		Salix pseudoargentea (1902) Vaccinium salicoides (1926)	A Vaccinium species Moved from Santalum americanum (1883) Two species synonymized Vaccinium salicoides resurrected as incertae sedis (1959)
Vaccinium bonseri	Sp et "var" nov	valid	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A Vaccinium species One variety named V. bonseri serrulatum
Vaccinium spokanense	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A Vaccinium species

Superasterids - euasterids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Apocynophyllum latahense	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A apocynaceous species Moved to Magnolia latahensis
Porana microcalyx	Comb nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A Porana species Moved from Diospyros? microcalyx (1926)
Umbelliferospermum	Gen et Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			An apiaceous fruit genus The type species is U. latahense
Viburnum fernquisti	Sp nov	valid	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A Viburnum seed morphospecies
Viburnum lantanafolium	Sp nov	valid	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A Viburnum leaf morphospecies

Superrosids - Basal

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Menziesia knowltoni	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A Menziesia species
Ribes fernquisti	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			First named as a gooseberry species Renamed and moved to Viburnum ribesiforme (1944)

Superrosids - Fabids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Alnus elliptica	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation			An alder species Synonymized into Alnus parvifolia (1987)^[9]
Alnus prerhombifolia	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			An alder species Synonymized into Alnus carpinoides (1937) Synonymized into Alnus hollandiana (1959)
Amygdalus alexanderi^[10]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			First named as an Amygdalus species Synonymized into Fagus washoensis (1937)
Cassia sophoroides	Comb nov	jr synonym	(Knowlton) Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			Recombined as a Cassia species Moved from Phyllites sophoroides (1926) Moved to Vaccinium sophoroides (1937)
Cassia spokanensis	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			First named as a Cassia species Synonymized into Cedrela pteraformis (1935)
Celastrus spokanensis	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			First named as a staff vine species Synonymized into Gordonia idahoensis (1959)
Cercocarpus praeledifolius	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A mountain mahogany species
Comptonia hesperia	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A sweet fern species
Cucurbita glandulosa	Sp nov	jr synonym	Brown	Eocene Ypresian	Green River Formation			First identified as a gourd seed morphotype Moved to Punctaphyllum glandulosum in 2023^[11]
Euonymus knowltoni	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A Euonymus species
Hibiscus? occidentalis	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			First named as a possible Hibiscus seed species Moved to Mentzelia occidentalis (1935)
Leguminosites alexanderi	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A fabaceous fruit species of uncertain affinity
Leguminosites bonseri	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			First named as a fabaceous species of uncertain affinity Synonymized into Umbellularia dayana (1937) Synonymized into Umbellularia saliciformis (1952)
Meibomites knowltoni	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			First named as a fabaceous species Synonymized into Exbucklandia oregonensis (1946)^[12]
Menispermites latahensis	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			First named as a menispermaceous species Synonymized into Vitis washingtonensis (1937)
Quercus treleasii	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			First named as an oak species Synonymized into Sophora spokanensis (1937)
Rhamnus spokanensis	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			First named as a buckthorn species Moved to Salix spokanensis (1937)

Superrosids - Malvids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Aesculus hesperia	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			First named as a horse chestnut species Synonymized into Viburnum lantanafolium (1937)
Sapindus armstrongi	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			First named as a soap berry species Synonymized into Cedrela pteraformis (1937)
Sapindus spokanensis	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			First named as a soap berry species Synonymized into Cedrela pteraformis (1935)
Tilia hesperia	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation			A Tilia species Synonymized into Tilia aspera (1935)

incertae sedis

Arthropods

Insects

Archosauromorphs

• Barosaurus gastroliths documented.^[14]

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[15]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Anodontosaurus^[16]		Valid	Sternberg	Cretaceous Edmontonian	Horseshoe Canyon Formation		An ankylosaurid.
Antarctosaurus^[17]	Gen et 2 sp nov	Valid	von Huene	Cretaceous early Campanian	Anacleto Formation		A titanosaur. The type species is A. wichmannianus Also included is A. giganteus
Campylodon	Gen et sp nov	Homonym	von Huene	Cretaceous Cenomanian	Bajo Barreal Formation		A titanosaur. Preoccupied by Campylodon Dumeril, 1852. Moved to Campylodoniscus in 1961
Helopus^[18]	Gen et sp nov	Homonym	Wiman	Cretaceous Barremian-Aptian	Mengyin Formation		A Euhelopodid titanosaur. The type species is H.zdanskyi Genus name preoccupied by Helopus Wagler Renamed and moved to Euhelopus in 1956
Laplatasaurus		Valid	von Huene	Cretaceous late Campanian-early Maastrichtian	Allen Formation		A titanosaur related to members of Lognkosauria. The type species is L. araukanicus
Loricosaurus	Gen et sp nov	Nomen dubium	von Huene	Cretaceous late Campanian-early Maastrichtian	Allen Formation		A titanosaur. The type species is L. scutatus Possibly a jr synonym of Neuquensaurus
Paranthodon^[19]	Gen et comb nov	Valid	Nopcsa	Cretaceous Berriasian	Kirkwood Formation	South Africa	A stegosaur. The type species is Palaeoscincus africanus (1912)
Rhodanosaurus	Gen et sp nov	Nomen dubium	Nopcsa	Cretaceous late Campanian-early Maastrichtian	Gres a Reptiles		A dubious nodosaurid. The type species is R. ludguensis
Tanius		Valid	Wiman	Cretaceous Campanian	Jingangkou Formation		A hadrosauroid. The type species is T. sinensis
Teinurosaurus	Gen nov	Nomen dubium.	Nopcsa	Jurassic Kimmeridgian	Mont-Lambert Formation		A neotheropod.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Eoarctops	Gen et sp nov	jr synonym	Haughton	Permian Capitanian		South Africa	A gorgonopsid therapsid. The type species is E. vanderbyli A jr synonym of Eriphostoma microdon
Hipposaurus	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Haughton	Permian Capitanian	Beaufort Group Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone		A biarmosuchian therapsid. The type species is H. boonstrai
Scullya	Sp nov	nomen dubium	Broom				A titanosuchid dinocephalian
Styracocephalus	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Haughton	Permian Capitanian			A tapinocephalian therapsid

References

1. Book: Berry . E.W. . 1929 . A revision of the flora of the Latah Formation . USGS Professional Paper Series . PP 154-H . 225–265 . 10.3133/pp154H .
2. Berry . E.W. . 1932 . A Miocene flora from Grand Coulee, Washington . Shorter contributions to general geology, 1931. Professional Paper . United States Geological Survey . 10.3133/pp170C . free . 170-C . 31–42.
3. Brown . R. W. . 1937 . Additions to some fossil floras of the Western United States . Professional Paper . United States Geological Survey . 186 . 163–206 . 10.3133/pp186J .
4. Book: Chaney . R. . Axelrod . D. . 1959 . Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau: Part II. Systematic Considerations, by Ralph W. Chaney and Daniel I. Axelrod . Carnegie Institution of Washington . 1–226.
5. Brown . R. . 1935 . Miocene leaves, fruits, and seeds from Idaho, Oregon, and Washington . Journal of Paleontology . 9 . 572–587.
6. Book: LaMotte . R.S. . 1952 . Catalogue of the Cenozoic plants of North America through 1950 . Geological Society of America Memoirs . . 51 . 10.1130/MEM51.
7. Berry . E.W. . 1929 . Gordonia from the Miocene of Idaho and Washington . American Journal of Science . 18 . 107 . 430 . 10.2475/ajs.s5-18.107.429 . 1929AmJS...18..429B .
8. Knowlton . F.H. . 1926 . Flora of the Latah Formation of Spokane, Washington, and Coeur d'Alene, Idaho . Shorter contributions to general geology, 1925 . Professional Paper . United States Geological Survey . 140 . 17-55, plates VIII-XXXI . 10.3133/pp140A .
9. Wolfe . J.A. . Wehr . W.C. . 1987 . Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from Republic, northeastern Washington . Bulletin . United States Geological Survey . 1597 . 1–25 . 10.3133/b1597 . free .
10. Berry . E.W. . 1929 . The genus Amygdalus in North America . Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences . 19 . 2 . 41–43. 24523498 .
11. Correa Narvaez . J. E. . Allen . S. E. . Huegele . I. B. . Manchester . S. R. . 2023 . Fossil leaves and fruits of Tetramelaceae (Curcurbitales) [''sic''] from the Eocene of the Rocky Mountain region, USA, and their biogeographic significance . International Journal of Plant Sciences . 184 . 3 . 177–200 . 10.1086/724018 .
12. Brown . R.W. . 1946 . Alterations in some fossil and living floras . Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences . 36 . 10 . 344–355.
13. Willmann . R. . 1989 . Rediscovered: Permotipula patricia, the oldest known fly . Naturwissenschaften . 76 . 8 . 375–377 . 10.1007/BF00366210. 1989NW.....76..375W .
14. Janensch, W. (1929). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
15. Web site: Olshevsky . George . Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List . 2008-08-07 . 2011-07-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110715102453/http://www.polychora.com/dinolist.html . dead .
16. Sternberg, C.H. 1929. A toothless armored dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta. Bull. Natl. Mus. Can. 54: pp. 28-33.
17. von Huene . F. . 1929 . Los saurisquios y ornitisquios del Cretáceo Argentino . Anales del Museo de la Plata . 3 . 3 . 1–196 . Spanish.
18. Wiman, C. 1929. Die Kreide-dinosaurier aus Shantung. Pal. Sin. C 1: pp. 1-67.
19. Nopcsa, F. 1929. Dinosaurierreste aus Siebenburgen. V. Geol. Hungarica Set. Paleontol. 4: pp. 1-76.

• Janensch, W. (1929). Magensteine bei Sauropoden der Tendaguru-Schichten. Palaeontographica (Suppl. 7) 2:135-144.
• Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.