| Country: | Weimar Republic |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Previous Election: | 1925 Baden state election |
| Previous Year: | 1925 |
| Seats For Election: | All 88 seats in the Landtag |
| Majority Seats: | 45 |
| Registered: | 1,537,962 |
| Turnout: | 61.4% |
| Party1: | Centre Party (Germany) |
| Last Election1: | 36.8%, 28 seats |
| Seats1: | 34 |
| Seat Change1: | 6 |
| Popular Vote1: | 341,754 |
| Percentage1: | 36.7% |
| Swing1: | 0.1pp |
| Party2: | Social Democratic Party of Germany |
| Last Election2: | 20.8%, 16 seats |
| Seats2: | 18 |
| Seat Change2: | 2 |
| Popular Vote2: | 187,087 |
| Percentage2: | 20.1% |
| Swing2: | 0.7pp |
| Party3: | German People's Party |
| Last Election3: | 9.5%, 7 seats |
| Seats3: | 7 |
| Popular Vote3: | 74,340 |
| Percentage3: | 8.0% |
| Swing3: | 1.5pp |
| Party4: | Nazi Party |
| Last Election4: | 1.2%, 0 seats |
| Seats4: | 6 |
| Seat Change4: | 6 |
| Popular Vote4: | 65,121 |
| Percentage4: | 7.0% |
| Swing4: | 5.8pp |
| Party5: | German Democratic Party |
| Last Election5: | 8.7%, 6 seats |
| Seats5: | 6 |
| Popular Vote5: | 62,344 |
| Percentage5: | 6.7% |
| Swing5: | 2.0pp |
| Party6: | Communist Party of Germany |
| Last Election6: | 6.1%, 4 seats |
| Seats6: | 5 |
| Seat Change6: | 1 |
| Popular Vote6: | 55,143 |
| Percentage6: | 5.9% |
| Swing6: | 0.2pp |
| Government | |
| Before Election: | Josef Schmitt |
| Before Party: | Z–SPD |
| Posttitle: | Government after election |
| After Election: | Josef Schmitt |
| After Party: | Z–SPD |
The 1929 Baden state election was held on 27 October 1929 to elect the 88 members of the Landtag of the Republic of Baden.[1]
The Rechtsblock coalition formed by the German National People's Party (DNVP) and Agricultural League broke apart in 1928. Many of the Agricultural League members joined the Nazi Party. The Nazis launched their election campaign in March 1929.
The Nazis won six seats in the election and Walter Köhler was selected to serve as their delegation chairman. This granted the party members that could not be arrested due to parliamentary immunity. The Nazi's best Amtsbezirke performance was in Kehl with 32%. 42.2% of the new votes for the Nazis came from Heidelberg, Karlsruhe, Mannheim, Pforzheim, and Weinheim. The Bezirk Tauberbischofsheim, which was 81.8% Catholic, gave 70.3% of its vote to the Centre.
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centre Party | 341,754 | 36.7 | 34 | +6 | |
| Social Democratic Party of Germany | 187,087 | 20.1 | 18 | +2 | |
| German People's Party | 74,340 | 8.0 | 7 | 0 | |
| Nazi Party | 65,121 | 7.0 | 6 | +6 | |
| German Democratic Party | 62,344 | 6.7 | 6 | 0 | |
| Communist Party of Germany | 55,143 | 5.9 | 5 | +1 | |
| Reich Party of the German Middle Class | 35,605 | 3.8 | 3 | 0 | |
| Evangelischer Volksdienst | 35,317 | 3.8 | 3 | New | |
| German National People's Party | 34,079 | 3.7 | 3 | –5 | |
| Badische Bauernpartei | 28,267 | 3.0 | 3 | New | |
| Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflation | 6,680 | 0.7 | 0 | New | |
| Christlich-Soziale Reichspartei | 5,086 | 0.5 | 0 | New | |
| Left Communists | 1,530 | 0.2 | 0 | New | |
| Invalid/blank votes | 11,888 | – | – | – | |
| Total | 944,241 | 100 | 88 | +16 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,537,962 | 61.4 | – | – | |
| Source: Elections in Germany | |||||
This was the last democratic election in Baden before the Nazi seizure of power. The SDP and Centre coalition government dissolved on 30 November 1932, due to disagreements over a concordat between the Catholic Church and Baden. The Centre and DVP attempted to form a coalition with the Nazis without dissolving the landtag, but the Nazis rejected it and wanted new elections. A Centre and DVP minority government was formed on 10 January 1933.
Robert Heinrich Wagner was appointed Reichkomissar of Baden on 9 March 1933, replacing the position of president. A new landtag consisting of 30 Nazis, 17 Centre, 8 SPD, and 2 DNVP convened once on 9 June 1933 to give the executive legislative powers. Wagner appointed Köhler as president on 6 May.