See main article: 1924 United States presidential election.
| Election Name: | 1924 United States presidential election in Iowa |
| Country: | Iowa |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1920 United States presidential election in Iowa |
| Previous Year: | 1920 |
| Next Election: | 1928 United States presidential election in Iowa |
| Next Year: | 1928 |
| Election Date: | November 4, 1924 |
| Image1: | Calvin Coolidge cph.3g10777 crop.jpg |
| Nominee1: | Calvin Coolidge |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Home State1: | Massachusetts |
| Running Mate1: | Charles G. Dawes |
| Electoral Vote1: | 13 |
| Popular Vote1: | 537,458 |
| Percentage1: | 55.02% |
| Nominee2: | Robert M. La Follette |
| Party2: | Progressive Party (United States, 1924–34) |
| Home State2: | Wisconsin |
| Running Mate2: | Burton K. Wheeler |
| Electoral Vote2: | 0 |
| Popular Vote2: | 274,448 |
| Percentage2: | 28.10% |
| Image3: | John William Davis.jpg |
| Nominee3: | John W. Davis |
| Party3: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Home State3: | West Virginia |
| Running Mate3: | Charles W. Bryan |
| Electoral Vote3: | 0 |
| Popular Vote3: | 160,382 |
| Percentage3: | 16.42% |
| Map Size: | 312px |
| President | |
| Before Election: | Calvin Coolidge |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Calvin Coolidge |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
The 1924 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 4, 1924, as part of the 1924 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
Iowa voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts, over Progressive nominee, Wisconsin Senator Robert M. La Follette of and Democratic nominee, Ambassador John W. Davis of West Virginia. Coolidge ran with former Budget Director Charles G. Dawes of Illinois, while Davis ran with Governor Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska while La Follette ran with Montana Senator Burton K. Wheeler.
Iowa was the most southeasterly of 12 states where Democrat Davis ran third behind both Coolidge and La Follette. Davis’ performance is the worst by any major-party nominee since Iowa became a state in 1846,[1] whilst La Follette's is the second-best by any third-party candidate in Iowa presidential election history behind Theodore Roosevelt in 1912.
| Presidential Candidate | Running Mate | Party | Electoral Vote (EV) | Popular Vote (PV) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts | Charles G. Dawes | Republican | 13[2] | 537,458 | 55.02% | |
| Robert M. LaFollette | Burton K. Wheeler | Progressive | 0 | 274,448 | 28.10% | |
| John W. Davis | Charles W. Bryan | Democratic | 0 | 160,382 | 16.42% | |
| William Z. Foster | Benjamin Gitlow | Communist | 0 | 4,037 | 0.41% | |
| — | — | Write-ins | 0 | 445 | 0.05% | |
| County[3] | John Calvin Coolidge Republican | John William Davis Democratic | Robert Marion La Follette Sr. Progressive | William Z. Foster Communist | Various candidates Write-ins | Margin | Total votes cast | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| data-sort-type="number" | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | data-sort-type="number" | % | ||||||||||
| Adair | 4,043 | 67.29% | 688 | 11.45% | 1,275 | 21.22% | 2 | 0.03% | 2,768 | 46.07% | 6,008 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adams | 2,547 | 54.28% | 897 | 19.12% | 1,247 | 26.58% | 1 | 0.02% | 1,300 | 27.71% | 4,692 | ||||||||||||||||
| Allamakee | 2,755 | 38.40% | 1,289 | 17.97% | 3,110 | 43.34% | 17 | 0.24% | 4 | 0.06% | -355 | -4.95% | 7,175 | ||||||||||||||
| Appanoose | 6,421 | 57.14% | 2,032 | 18.08% | 2,722 | 24.22% | 56 | 0.50% | 7 | 0.06% | 3,699 | 32.92% | 11,238 | ||||||||||||||
| Audubon | 2,475 | 53.86% | 965 | 21.00% | 1,152 | 25.07% | 1 | 0.02% | 2 | 0.04% | 1,323 | 28.79% | 4,595 | ||||||||||||||
| Benton | 5,314 | 58.13% | 1,459 | 15.96% | 2,329 | 25.48% | 36 | 0.39% | 4 | 0.04% | 2,985 | 32.65% | 9,142 | ||||||||||||||
| Black Hawk | 15,813 | 65.29% | 2,981 | 12.31% | 5,397 | 22.28% | 21 | 0.09% | 9 | 0.04% | 10,416 | 43.00% | 24,221 | ||||||||||||||
| Boone | 4,980 | 45.57% | 702 | 6.42% | 4,953 | 45.32% | 286 | 2.62% | 7 | 0.06% | 27 | 0.25% | 10,928 | ||||||||||||||
| Bremer | 3,532 | 48.32% | 911 | 12.46% | 2,859 | 39.11% | 7 | 0.10% | 1 | 0.01% | 673 | 9.21% | 7,310 | ||||||||||||||
| Buchanan | 5,459 | 63.10% | 1,780 | 20.58% | 1,409 | 16.29% | 3 | 0.03% | 3,679 | 42.53% | 8,651 | ||||||||||||||||
| Buena Vista | 3,812 | 52.38% | 683 | 9.39% | 2,771 | 38.08% | 2 | 0.03% | 9 | 0.12% | 1,041 | 14.31% | 7,277 | ||||||||||||||
| Butler | 3,823 | 59.57% | 667 | 10.39% | 1,921 | 29.93% | 6 | 0.09% | 1 | 0.02% | 1,902 | 29.64% | 6,418 | ||||||||||||||
| Calhoun | 3,529 | 53.21% | 714 | 10.77% | 2,358 | 35.55% | 31 | 0.47% | 1,171 | 17.66% | 6,632 | ||||||||||||||||
| Carroll | 3,590 | 41.06% | 1,994 | 22.80% | 3,159 | 36.13% | 1 | 0.01% | 431 | 4.93% | 8,744 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cass | 5,721 | 68.70% | 1,099 | 13.20% | 1,488 | 17.87% | 5 | 0.06% | 15 | 0.18% | 4,233 | 50.83% | 8,328 | ||||||||||||||
| Cedar | 4,625 | 60.74% | 1,478 | 19.41% | 1,510 | 19.83% | 1 | 0.01% | 1 | 0.01% | 3,115 | 40.91% | 7,615 | ||||||||||||||
| Cerro Gordo | 8,410 | 58.85% | 1,345 | 9.41% | 4,514 | 31.59% | 18 | 0.13% | 4 | 0.03% | 3,896 | 27.26% | 14,291 | ||||||||||||||
| Cherokee | 3,240 | 52.29% | 904 | 14.59% | 2,028 | 32.73% | 12 | 0.19% | 12 | 0.19% | 1,212 | 19.56% | 6,196 | ||||||||||||||
| Chickasaw | 3,416 | 46.50% | 1,736 | 23.63% | 2,188 | 29.78% | 4 | 0.05% | 3 | 0.04% | 1,228 | 16.71% | 7,347 | ||||||||||||||
| Clarke | 2,554 | 52.48% | 743 | 15.27% | 1,563 | 32.11% | 6 | 0.12% | 1 | 0.02% | 991 | 20.36% | 4,867 | ||||||||||||||
| Clay | 3,549 | 60.95% | 378 | 6.49% | 1,853 | 31.82% | 40 | 0.69% | 3 | 0.05% | 1,696 | 29.13% | 5,823 | ||||||||||||||
| Clayton | 4,168 | 41.48% | 1,556 | 15.48% | 4,314 | 42.93% | 9 | 0.09% | 2 | 0.02% | -146 | -1.45% | 10,049 | ||||||||||||||
| Clinton | 10,359 | 52.68% | 3,811 | 19.38% | 5,466 | 27.80% | 16 | 0.08% | 13 | 0.07% | 4,893 | 24.88% | 19,665 | ||||||||||||||
| Crawford | 2,882 | 36.26% | 1,255 | 15.79% | 3,638 | 45.77% | 165 | 2.08% | 9 | 0.11% | -756 | -9.51% | 7,949 | ||||||||||||||
| Dallas | 6,359 | 61.97% | 933 | 9.09% | 2,959 | 28.84% | 6 | 0.06% | 4 | 0.04% | 3,400 | 33.14% | 10,261 | ||||||||||||||
| Davis | 2,804 | 48.76% | 1,802 | 31.33% | 1,142 | 19.86% | 2 | 0.03% | 1 | 0.02% | 1,002 | 17.42% | 5,751 | ||||||||||||||
| Decatur | 3,221 | 47.13% | 1,693 | 24.77% | 1,917 | 28.05% | 4 | 0.06% | 1,304 | 19.08% | 6,835 | ||||||||||||||||
| Delaware | 4,938 | 64.68% | 1,146 | 15.01% | 1,546 | 20.25% | 4 | 0.05% | 1 | 0.01% | 3,392 | 44.43% | 7,635 | ||||||||||||||
| Des Moines | 7,995 | 53.98% | 2,616 | 17.66% | 4,128 | 27.87% | 59 | 0.40% | 12 | 0.08% | 3,867 | 26.11% | 14,810 | ||||||||||||||
| Dickinson | 2,967 | 66.18% | 435 | 9.70% | 1,017 | 22.69% | 63 | 1.41% | 1 | 0.02% | 1,950 | 43.50% | 4,483 | ||||||||||||||
| Dubuque | 8,280 | 32.77% | 5,718 | 22.63% | 10,568 | 41.83% | 668 | 2.64% | 33 | 0.13% | -2,288 | -9.06% | 25,267 | ||||||||||||||
| Emmet | 2,739 | 53.26% | 407 | 7.91% | 1,987 | 38.64% | 7 | 0.14% | 3 | 0.06% | 752 | 14.62% | 5,143 | ||||||||||||||
| Fayette | 5,974 | 50.21% | 1,272 | 10.69% | 4,634 | 38.95% | 15 | 0.13% | 3 | 0.03% | 1,340 | 11.26% | 11,898 | ||||||||||||||
| Floyd | 5,012 | 66.00% | 529 | 6.97% | 2,048 | 26.97% | 4 | 0.05% | 1 | 0.01% | 2,964 | 39.03% | 7,594 | ||||||||||||||
| Franklin | 3,064 | 58.74% | 360 | 6.90% | 1,704 | 32.67% | 83 | 1.59% | 5 | 0.10% | 1,360 | 26.07% | 5,216 | ||||||||||||||
| Fremont | 3,313 | 53.24% | 2,525 | 40.58% | 382 | 6.14% | 2 | 0.03% | 1 | 0.02% | 788 | 12.66% | 6,223 | ||||||||||||||
| Greene | 4,599 | 66.76% | 790 | 11.47% | 1,497 | 21.73% | 2 | 0.03% | 1 | 0.01% | 3,102 | 45.03% | 6,889 | ||||||||||||||
| Grundy | 3,322 | 57.84% | 615 | 10.71% | 1,801 | 31.36% | 4 | 0.07% | 1 | 0.02% | 1,521 | 26.48% | 5,743 | ||||||||||||||
| Guthrie | 4,314 | 60.06% | 840 | 11.69% | 2,027 | 28.22% | 2 | 0.03% | 2,287 | 31.84% | 7,183 | ||||||||||||||||
| Hamilton | 4,401 | 60.74% | 490 | 6.76% | 2,348 | 32.40% | 4 | 0.06% | 3 | 0.04% | 2,053 | 28.33% | 7,246 | ||||||||||||||
| Hancock | 3,183 | 59.62% | 550 | 10.30% | 1,605 | 30.06% | 1 | 0.02% | 1,578 | 29.56% | 5,339 | ||||||||||||||||
| Hardin | 4,714 | 59.51% | 634 | 8.00% | 2,485 | 31.37% | 79 | 1.00% | 9 | 0.11% | 2,229 | 28.14% | 7,921 | ||||||||||||||
| Harrison | 5,062 | 51.01% | 3,179 | 32.03% | 1,674 | 16.87% | 7 | 0.07% | 2 | 0.02% | 1,883 | 18.97% | 9,924 | ||||||||||||||
| Henry | 4,536 | 62.17% | 1,344 | 18.42% | 1,413 | 19.37% | 0 | 0.00% | 3 | 0.04% | 3,123 | 42.80% | 7,296 | ||||||||||||||
| Howard | 2,850 | 47.67% | 1,604 | 26.83% | 1,521 | 25.44% | 4 | 0.07% | 1,246 | 20.84% | 5,979 | ||||||||||||||||
| Humboldt | 2,841 | 59.71% | 370 | 7.78% | 1,543 | 32.43% | 3 | 0.06% | 1 | 0.02% | 1,298 | 27.28% | 4,758 | ||||||||||||||
| Ida | 2,033 | 43.46% | 685 | 14.64% | 1,956 | 41.81% | 4 | 0.09% | 77 | 1.65% | 4,678 | ||||||||||||||||
| Iowa | 3,549 | 51.91% | 1,458 | 21.33% | 1,806 | 26.42% | 22 | 0.32% | 2 | 0.03% | 1,743 | 25.49% | 6,837 | ||||||||||||||
| Jackson | 4,218 | 50.20% | 2,352 | 27.99% | 1,755 | 20.89% | 73 | 0.87% | 5 | 0.06% | 1,866 | 22.21% | 8,403 | ||||||||||||||
| Jasper | 6,565 | 56.81% | 1,214 | 10.50% | 3,764 | 32.57% | 10 | 0.09% | 4 | 0.03% | 2,801 | 24.24% | 11,557 | ||||||||||||||
| Jefferson | 4,062 | 61.61% | 1,249 | 18.94% | 1,279 | 19.40% | 0 | 0.00% | 3 | 0.05% | 2,783 | 42.21% | 6,593 | ||||||||||||||
| Johnson | 5,741 | 44.53% | 4,570 | 35.45% | 2,553 | 19.80% | 17 | 0.13% | 10 | 0.08% | 1,171 | 9.08% | 12,891 | ||||||||||||||
| Jones | 4,524 | 57.14% | 2,212 | 27.94% | 1,182 | 14.93% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,312 | 29.20% | 7,918 | ||||||||||||||||
| Keokuk | 4,795 | 51.36% | 2,568 | 27.51% | 1,966 | 21.06% | 4 | 0.04% | 3 | 0.03% | 2,227 | 23.85% | 9,336 | ||||||||||||||
| Kossuth | 3,806 | 43.51% | 1,369 | 15.65% | 3,562 | 40.72% | 5 | 0.06% | 5 | 0.06% | 244 | 2.79% | 8,747 | ||||||||||||||
| Lee | 9,999 | 54.41% | 4,903 | 26.68% | 3,448 | 18.76% | 16 | 0.09% | 11 | 0.06% | 5,096 | 27.73% | 18,377 | ||||||||||||||
| Linn | 22,371 | 64.49% | 5,941 | 17.13% | 6,335 | 18.26% | 24 | 0.07% | 19 | 0.05% | 16,036 | 46.23% | 34,690 | ||||||||||||||
| Louisa | 2,952 | 64.89% | 643 | 14.13% | 945 | 20.77% | 4 | 0.09% | 5 | 0.11% | 2,007 | 44.12% | 4,549 | ||||||||||||||
| Lucas | 3,288 | 52.64% | 824 | 13.19% | 2,130 | 34.10% | 4 | 0.06% | 1,158 | 18.54% | 6,246 | ||||||||||||||||
| Lyon | 2,082 | 43.99% | 481 | 10.16% | 2,162 | 45.68% | 6 | 0.13% | 2 | 0.04% | -80 | -1.69% | 4,733 | ||||||||||||||
| Madison | 4,191 | 60.80% | 1,367 | 19.83% | 1,330 | 19.29% | 3 | 0.04% | 2 | 0.03% | 2,824 | 40.97% | 6,893 | ||||||||||||||
| Mahaska | 5,810 | 55.11% | 1,673 | 15.87% | 3,010 | 28.55% | 46 | 0.44% | 4 | 0.04% | 2,800 | 26.56% | 10,543 | ||||||||||||||
| Marion | 5,058 | 47.65% | 2,383 | 22.45% | 3,154 | 29.71% | 16 | 0.15% | 4 | 0.04% | 1,904 | 17.94% | 10,615 | ||||||||||||||
| Marshall | 9,010 | 68.09% | 1,516 | 11.46% | 2,584 | 19.53% | 116 | 0.88% | 7 | 0.05% | 6,426 | 48.56% | 13,233 | ||||||||||||||
| Mills | 3,348 | 57.38% | 1,750 | 29.99% | 727 | 12.46% | 7 | 0.12% | 3 | 0.05% | 1,598 | 27.39% | 5,835 | ||||||||||||||
| Mitchell | 2,892 | 46.93% | 400 | 6.49% | 2,858 | 46.37% | 13 | 0.21% | 34 | 0.55% | 6,163 | ||||||||||||||||
| Monona | 3,195 | 50.94% | 1,271 | 20.26% | 1,802 | 28.73% | 3 | 0.05% | 1 | 0.02% | 1,393 | 22.21% | 6,272 | ||||||||||||||
| Monroe | 4,098 | 50.92% | 1,388 | 17.25% | 2,514 | 31.24% | 41 | 0.51% | 7 | 0.09% | 1,584 | 19.68% | 8,048 | ||||||||||||||
| Montgomery | 4,617 | 64.51% | 805 | 11.25% | 1,732 | 24.20% | 1 | 0.01% | 2 | 0.03% | 2,885 | 40.31% | 7,157 | ||||||||||||||
| Muscatine | 7,731 | 64.87% | 1,963 | 16.47% | 2,091 | 17.55% | 119 | 1.00% | 13 | 0.11% | 5,640 | 47.33% | 11,917 | ||||||||||||||
| O'Brien | 4,172 | 58.47% | 756 | 10.60% | 2,200 | 30.83% | 6 | 0.08% | 1 | 0.01% | 1,972 | 27.64% | 7,135 | ||||||||||||||
| Osceola | 1,876 | 50.42% | 386 | 10.37% | 1,454 | 39.08% | 4 | 0.11% | 1 | 0.03% | 422 | 11.34% | 3,721 | ||||||||||||||
| Page | 6,023 | 65.58% | 1,643 | 17.89% | 1,511 | 16.45% | 2 | 0.02% | 5 | 0.05% | 4,380 | 47.69% | 9,184 | ||||||||||||||
| Palo Alto | 2,943 | 49.49% | 593 | 9.97% | 2,393 | 40.24% | 17 | 0.29% | 1 | 0.02% | 550 | 9.25% | 5,947 | ||||||||||||||
| Plymouth | 3,803 | 42.09% | 1,605 | 17.76% | 3,628 | 40.15% | 0 | 0.00% | 175 | 1.94% | 9,036 | ||||||||||||||||
| Pocahontas | 2,537 | 39.65% | 819 | 12.80% | 2,934 | 45.86% | 105 | 1.64% | 3 | 0.05% | -397 | -6.21% | 6,398 | ||||||||||||||
| Polk | 37,491 | 62.21% | 6,665 | 11.06% | 15,567 | 25.83% | 513 | 0.85% | 34 | 0.06% | 21,924 | 36.38% | 60,270 | ||||||||||||||
| Pottawattamie | 13,380 | 52.78% | 5,305 | 20.93% | 6,637 | 26.18% | 23 | 0.09% | 7 | 0.03% | 6,743 | 26.60% | 25,352 | ||||||||||||||
| Poweshiek | 4,414 | 53.57% | 1,428 | 17.33% | 2,379 | 28.87% | 12 | 0.15% | 6 | 0.07% | 2,035 | 24.70% | 8,239 | ||||||||||||||
| Ringgold | 3,147 | 60.68% | 882 | 17.01% | 1,157 | 22.31% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,990 | 38.37% | 5,186 | ||||||||||||||||
| Sac | 3,970 | 60.65% | 674 | 10.30% | 1,889 | 28.86% | 12 | 0.18% | 1 | 0.02% | 2,081 | 31.79% | 6,546 | ||||||||||||||
| Scott | 18,360 | 60.32% | 4,347 | 14.28% | 7,487 | 24.60% | 226 | 0.74% | 18 | 0.06% | 10,873 | 35.72% | 30,438 | ||||||||||||||
| Shelby | 3,252 | 47.96% | 2,297 | 33.88% | 1,201 | 17.71% | 28 | 0.41% | 2 | 0.03% | 955 | 14.09% | 6,780 | ||||||||||||||
| Sioux | 4,960 | 58.91% | 900 | 10.69% | 2,556 | 30.36% | 3 | 0.04% | 1 | 0.01% | 2,404 | 28.55% | 8,420 | ||||||||||||||
| Story | 6,916 | 63.06% | 1,310 | 11.94% | 2,554 | 23.29% | 184 | 1.68% | 4 | 0.04% | 4,362 | 39.77% | 10,968 | ||||||||||||||
| Tama | 5,177 | 55.27% | 2,180 | 23.27% | 2,003 | 21.38% | 0 | 0.00% | 7 | 0.07% | 2,997 | 32.00% | 9,367 | ||||||||||||||
| Taylor | 4,254 | 60.95% | 1,138 | 16.30% | 1,579 | 22.62% | 8 | 0.11% | 1 | 0.01% | 2,675 | 38.32% | 6,980 | ||||||||||||||
| Union | 4,250 | 54.15% | 1,166 | 14.86% | 2,425 | 30.90% | 4 | 0.05% | 3 | 0.04% | 1,825 | 23.25% | 7,848 | ||||||||||||||
| Van Buren | 3,623 | 60.69% | 1,209 | 20.25% | 1,132 | 18.96% | 4 | 0.07% | 2 | 0.03% | 2,414 | 40.44% | 5,970 | ||||||||||||||
| Wapello | 9,870 | 56.96% | 3,039 | 17.54% | 4,398 | 25.38% | 15 | 0.09% | 7 | 0.04% | 5,472 | 31.58% | 17,329 | ||||||||||||||
| Warren | 4,683 | 62.08% | 1,274 | 16.89% | 1,579 | 20.93% | 4 | 0.05% | 3 | 0.04% | 3,104 | 41.15% | 7,543 | ||||||||||||||
| Washington | 5,053 | 60.31% | 1,868 | 22.30% | 1,450 | 17.31% | 5 | 0.06% | 2 | 0.02% | 3,185 | 38.02% | 8,378 | ||||||||||||||
| Wayne | 3,322 | 49.97% | 1,826 | 27.47% | 1,486 | 22.35% | 11 | 0.17% | 3 | 0.05% | 1,496 | 22.50% | 6,648 | ||||||||||||||
| Webster | 6,641 | 46.00% | 2,076 | 14.38% | 5,279 | 36.56% | 430 | 2.98% | 12 | 0.08% | 1,362 | 9.43% | 14,438 | ||||||||||||||
| Winnebago | 2,445 | 47.27% | 225 | 4.35% | 2,497 | 48.28% | 5 | 0.10% | -52 | -1.01% | 5,172 | ||||||||||||||||
| Winneshiek | 4,154 | 43.96% | 1,510 | 15.98% | 3,763 | 39.82% | 20 | 0.21% | 3 | 0.03% | 391 | 4.14% | 9,450 | ||||||||||||||
| Woodbury | 16,639 | 47.38% | 5,676 | 16.16% | 12,719 | 36.22% | 73 | 0.21% | 12 | 0.03% | 3,920 | 11.16% | 35,119 | ||||||||||||||
| Worth | 2,340 | 50.97% | 180 | 3.92% | 2,069 | 45.07% | 0 | 0.00% | 2 | 0.04% | 271 | 5.90% | 4,591 | ||||||||||||||
| Wright | 4,323 | 57.40% | 501 | 6.65% | 2,707 | 35.94% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,616 | 21.46% | 7,531 | ||||||||||||||||
| Totals | 537,458 | 55.02% | 160,382 | 16.42% | 274,448 | 28.10% | 4,037 | 0.41% | 445 | 0.05% | 263,010 | !26.93% | 976,770 | ||||||||||||||