The 1923–24 season was the 26th in the history of the Southern League. The league was split into Eastern and Western Divisions.[1] Peterborough & Fletton United won the Eastern Division and Yeovil & Petters United won the Western Division. Yeovil were declared Southern League champions after defeating Peterborough 3–1 in a championship play-off. No clubs applied to join the Football League this season,[2] and no clubs left the league at the end of the season.
| Competition: | Southern Football League Eastern Division |
| Season: | 1923–24 |
| Winners: | Peterborough & Fletton United |
| Promoted: | none |
| Relegated: | none |
| Matches: | 240 |
| Total Goals: | 757 |
| Prevseason: | 1922–23 |
| Nextseason: | 1924–25 |
A total of 16 teams contest the division (previously called the English section), including 10 sides from previous season and six new teams.
Newly elected teams:
| Competition: | Southern Football League Western Division |
| Season: | 1923–24 |
| Winners: | Yeovil & Petters United (1st title) |
| Promoted: | none |
| Relegated: | none |
| Matches: | 306 |
| Total Goals: | 974 |
| Prevseason: | 1922–23 |
| Nextseason: | 1924–25 |
A total of 18 teams contest the division (previously called the Welsh section), including 6 sides from previous season, 8 teams transferred from English section and four new teams.
Teams transferred from 1922–23 English section:
Newly elected teams: