| Election Name: | 1922 Portuguese legislative election |
| Country: | Portugal |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1921 Portuguese legislative election |
| Previous Year: | 1921 |
| Next Election: | 1925 Portuguese legislative election |
| Next Year: | 1925 |
| Seats For Election: | 163 seats to the Chamber of Deputies |
| Majority Seats: | 82 |
| Election Date: | 29 January 1922 |
| Leader1: | Afonso Costa |
| Leader Since1: | 1912 |
| Party1: | PD |
| Last Election1: | 54 seats |
| Seats1: | 74 |
| Seat Change1: | 20 |
| Colour1: | FF69B4 |
| Party2: | PLR |
| Last Election2: | 79 seats |
| Seats2: | 34 |
| Seat Change2: | 45 |
| Colour2: | 2222AD |
| Leader3: | Álvaro de Castro |
| Leader Since3: | 1920 |
| Party3: | PRRN |
| Last Election3: | 12 seats |
| Seats3: | 17 |
| Seat Change3: | 5 |
| Colour3: | 4a452a |
| Image4: | CM |
| Party4: | CM |
| Last Election4: | 4 seats |
| Seats4: | 13 |
| Seat Change4: | 9 |
| Colour4: | 014a94 |
| Image5: | CCP |
| Leader5: | António Lino Neto |
| Leader Since5: | 1915 |
| Party5: | CCP |
| Last Election5: | 3 seats |
| Seats5: | 5 |
| Seat Change5: | 2 |
| Colour5: | 00BFFF |
| Image6: | PR |
| Party6: | PR |
| Last Election6: | 2 seats |
| Seats6: | 2 |
| Colour6: | FF8C00 |
| Map Size: | 300px |
| Map2 Caption: | Senate |
| Prime Minister | |
| Posttitle: | Prime Minister after election |
| Before Election: | Francisco Cunha Leal |
| Before Party: | PD |
| After Election: | Francisco Cunha Leal |
| After Party: | PD |
Parliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 29 January 1922.[1] The Democratic Party emerged as the largest in Parliament, winning 74 of the 163 seats in the House of Representatives and 37 of the 70 seats in the Senate.[2]
The elections were held less than a year after the July 1921 legislative elections, in which the Republican Liberal Party (PLR) had won a majority of votes. However, on 19 October 1921 ("the night of blood"), a military coup resulted in several republican figures being killed, including PLR prime minister António Granjo.[3] On the night of blood, President António José de Almeida invested Manuel Maria Coelho as Prime Minister, but his government resigned on 3 November.[4] On the same day, Carlos Maia Pinto became Prime Minister, but also resigned on 16 December.[5] Francisco Cunha Leal then served as Prime Minister until the elections.[6] The elections took place amidst instability and violence and were postponed four times before finally taking place on 29 January.
| Party | House of Representatives | Senate | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Democratic Party | 74 | +20 | 37 | +15 | ||||
| Republican Liberal Party | 34 | –45 | 11 | –21 | ||||
| Reconstitution Party | 17 | +5 | 10 | +3 | ||||
| Monarchist Cause | 13 | +9 | 4 | +4 | ||||
| Catholic Centre Party | 5 | +2 | 1 | –2 | ||||
| Regionalist Party | 2 | 0 | – | |||||
| Portuguese Socialist Party | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Other parties and independents | 18 | +9 | 7 | 0 | ||||
| Invalid/blank votes | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Total | 380,000 | 100 | 163 | 0 | 70 | –1 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 550,000 | 69.1 | – | – | 550,000 | – | – | |
| align=left colspan=9 | Source: Nohlen & Stöver | |||||||
The Democratic Party failed to win an absolute majority of seats and Afonso Costa chose not to form government.[7] Instead, António Maria da Silva of the Democratic Party became Prime Minister on 6 February, leading a minority government with the support of the Reconstitution Party, the Catholic Centre Party, the Regionalist Party and some independents. However, the government failed to serve a full term after being forced to resign following a motion of no confidence in November 1923.[8] Further instability resulted in seven different governments holding office in the subsequent period until the 1925 elections.[9]