1920 United States presidential election in Florida explained

See main article: 1920 United States presidential election.

Election Name:1920 United States presidential election in Florida
Country:Florida
Flag Year:1900
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Election Date:November 2, 1920
Previous Election:1916 United States presidential election in Florida
Previous Year:1916
Next Election:1924 United States presidential election in Florida
Next Year:1924
Image1:James M. Cox 1920.jpg
Nominee1:James Cox
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Home State1:Ohio
Running Mate1:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Electoral Vote1:6
Popular Vote1:90,515
Percentage1:62.13%
Nominee2:Warren Harding
Running Mate2:Calvin Coolidge
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Home State2:Ohio
Electoral Vote2:0
Percentage2:30.79%
Popular Vote2:44,853
Map Size:400px
President
Before Election:Woodrow Wilson
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Warren Harding
After Party:Republican Party (United States)

The 1920 United States presidential election in Florida, was held on November 2, 1920. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for the president and vice-president.

Ever since the disfranchisement of blacks at the beginning of the 1890s, Florida had been a one-party state ruled by the Democratic Party. The disfranchisement of blacks and poor whites by poll taxes in 1889[1] had left the Republican Party – between 1872 and 1888 dependent upon black votes – virtually extinct.

With the single exception of William Howard Taft's win in Calhoun County in 1908[2] the Democratic Party won every county in Florida in every presidential election from 1892 until 1916. Only twice – and never for more than one term – did any Republican serve in either house of the state legislature between 1896 and 1928.

Despite this Democratic dominance and the restrictions on the franchise of the poorer classes due to the poll tax, significant socialist movements were to develop and persist in Tampa[3] and to a lesser extent over other parts of the state, especially against the powerful Ku Klux Klan.[4] In 1919, 4,800 miners led by the Mineral Workers Union would go on strike for seven and a half months in Polk County. The reason for the strike were that they wanted an eight-hour work day and a minimum wage of 37 cents. Governor Sidney J. Catts called on the Florida National Guard and the Polk County Home Guard to end the strike. At the end of the strike, five strikers would die.[5]

There was also a powerful Prohibitionist movement in older North Florida, which saw the Prohibition Party even win the governorship for one term under the notorious anti-Catholic minister Sidney J. Catts.

The 1920 election saw Harding make mild inroads into the absolute Democratic dominance of the state's politics, largely owing to considerable isolationist sentiment,[6] and major economic concerns following the decline of industries related to World War I.[7] He carried three counties in the south of the state, being only the second Republican to carry a Florida county since black disfranchisement, and begun tentative steps towards establishing a white GOP base in what was to become the "Sun Belt" after the development of air conditioning decades later. Eugene Debs, who had taken advantage of substantial radicalism in parts of South Florida to run second to Woodrow Wilson in the state in 1912, did not do nearly so well and was only marginally ahead of Prohibition candidate Watkins.

Results

Results by county

CountyJames Middleton Cox
Democratic
Warren Gamaliel Harding
Republican
Eugene Victor Debs[8]
Socialist
Aaron Sherman Watkins
Prohibition
MarginTotal votes cast[9]
data-sort-type="number" data-sort-type="number" %data-sort-type="number" data-sort-type="number" %data-sort-type="number" data-sort-type="number" %data-sort-type="number" data-sort-type="number" %data-sort-type="number" data-sort-type="number" %
Alachua3,31072.52%1,11924.52%1122.45%230.50%2,19148.00%4,564
Baker34668.11%11522.64%193.74%285.51%23145.47%508
Bay81854.90%55136.98%714.77%503.36%26717.92%1,490
Bradford1,26978.82%24815.40%80.50%855.28%1,02163.42%1,610
Brevard89453.31%65939.30%633.76%613.64%23514.01%1,677
Broward41541.54%44244.24%10710.71%353.50%-27-2.70%999
Calhoun86178.42%999.02%201.82%11810.75%74367.67%1,098
Citrus65182.61%9411.93%253.17%182.28%55770.68%788
Clay55849.69%48643.28%383.38%413.65%726.41%1,123
Columbia1,24880.88%16210.50%684.41%654.21%1,08670.38%1,543
Dade4,28853.08%3,07738.09%3754.64%3384.18%1,21114.99%8,078
De Soto2,49664.93%1,07728.02%1975.12%741.93%1,41936.91%3,844
Duval13,65064.21%6,62831.18%4502.12%5292.49%7,02233.03%21,257
Escambia3,48565.20%1,22722.96%2053.84%4288.01%2,25842.24%5,345
Flagler20655.08%7419.79%7319.52%215.61%13235.29%374
Franklin58762.05%27629.18%242.54%596.24%31132.87%946
Gadsden1,92296.68%381.91%180.91%100.50%1,88494.77%1,988
Hamilton70674.39%15115.91%151.58%778.11%55558.48%949
Hernando62276.04%13216.14%293.55%354.28%49059.90%818
Hillsborough6,97656.49%3,77230.54%9687.84%6335.13%3,20425.95%12,349
Holmes86954.31%53733.56%422.63%1529.50%33220.75%1,600
Jackson2,44378.70%50816.37%672.16%862.77%1,93562.33%3,104
Jefferson75472.08%23922.85%191.82%343.25%51549.23%1,046
Lafayette61886.55%699.66%101.40%172.38%54976.89%714
Lake1,72067.72%73428.90%522.05%341.34%98638.82%2,540
Lee93855.37%62636.95%543.19%764.49%31218.42%1,694
Leon1,41271.75%45222.97%582.95%462.34%96048.78%1,968
Levy88269.01%37729.50%120.94%70.55%50539.51%1,278
Liberty41691.63%51.10%183.96%153.30%41687.67%454
Madison92093.31%303.04%141.42%222.23%89090.27%986
Manatee1,79062.43%88430.83%702.44%1234.29%90631.60%2,867
Marion2,43662.43%1,23231.57%822.10%1523.90%1,20430.86%3,902
Monroe97956.04%51029.19%1498.53%1096.24%46926.85%1,747
Nassau90072.12%28122.52%221.76%453.61%61949.60%1,248
Okaloosa56856.63%41140.98%201.99%40.40%15715.65%1,003
Okeechobee23765.11%5815.93%287.69%4111.26%17949.18%364
Orange2,03555.48%1,44739.45%1233.35%631.72%58816.03%3,668
Osceola72838.91%1,03555.32%412.19%673.58%-307-16.41%1,871
Palm Beach1,48838.29%1,89248.69%3087.93%1985.10%-404-10.40%3,886
Pasco1,16661.89%63033.44%532.81%351.86%53628.45%1,884
Pinellas2,84848.94%2,52943.46%2023.47%2404.12%3195.48%5,819
Polk3,91865.86%1,78229.95%1592.67%901.51%2,13635.91%5,949
Putnam1,55753.41%1,18140.51%893.05%883.02%37612.90%2,915
Santa Rosa81370.51%33328.88%20.17%50.43%48041.63%1,153
Seminole1,48562.50%76732.28%733.07%512.15%71830.22%2,376
St. Johns1,81056.30%1,22137.98%942.92%902.80%58918.32%3,215
St. Lucie1,16758.44%70735.40%643.20%592.95%46023.04%1,997
Sumter92179.74%21918.96%80.69%70.61%70260.78%1,155
Suwannee1,48672.56%38218.65%1115.42%693.37%1,10453.91%2,048
Taylor56377.98%12817.73%81.11%233.19%43560.25%722
Volusia2,76352.47%2,17541.30%1262.39%2023.84%58811.17%5,266
Wakulla53079.34%11917.81%30.45%162.40%41161.53%668
Walton1,29764.24%61930.66%361.78%673.32%67833.58%2,019
Washington75061.98%30725.37%877.19%665.45%44336.61%1,210
Totals90,51562.13%44,85330.79%5,1893.56%5,1273.52%45,66231.34%145,684

Notes and References

  1. [Joel H. Silbey|Silbey, Joel H.]
  2. Robinson, Edgar Eugene; The Presidential Vote; 1896-1932 (second edition); pp. 156-157 Published 1947 by Stanford University Press
  3. Ford, Edward J.; 'Life on the Campaign Trail: a Political Anthropology of Local Politics' (thesis), published 2008 by University of South Florida, pp. 114-118
  4. Gregory, Raymond F.; Norman Thomas: The Great Dissenter, pp. 150-151
  5. Griffin, R. Steven; ‘Workers of the Sunshine State, Unite! The Florida Socialist Party during the Progressive Era, 1900-1920’ (thesis)
  6. Phillips, Kevin; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 210-211, 261
  7. Gifford, Laura Jane; '"Dixie is No Longer in the Bag":South Carolina Republicans and the Election of 1960'; The Journal of Policy History, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2007. pp. 208-233
  8. Géoelections; Popular Vote for Eugene Debs (.xlsx file for €15)
  9. Robinson, Edgar Eugene; The Presidential Vote; 1896-1932 (second edition); pp. 156-161 Published 1947 by Stanford University Press