| Election Name: | 1920 Estonian parliamentary election |
| Country: | Estonia |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Elected Members: | Members of the 1st Riigikogu |
| Next Election: | 1923 Estonian parliamentary election |
| Next Year: | 1923 |
| Seats For Election: | 100 seats in the Riigikogu |
| Majority Seats: | 51 |
| Election Date: | 29 November 1920 |
| Image1: | Prime minister Otto Strandman.jpg |
| Leader1: | Otto Strandman |
| Party1: | Estonian Labour Party |
| Last Election1: | 30 seats |
| Seats1: | 22 |
| Seat Change1: | 8 |
| Popular Vote1: | 99,030 |
| Percentage1: | 21.02% |
| Leader2: | Konstantin Päts |
| Party2: | Farmers' Assemblies |
| Last Election2: | 8 seats |
| Seats2: | 21 |
| Seat Change2: | 13 |
| Popular Vote2: | 97,825 |
| Percentage2: | 20.76% |
| Image3: | August Rei (cropped).jpg |
| Leader3: | August Rei |
| Party3: | Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party |
| Last Election3: | 41 seats |
| Seats3: | 18 |
| Seat Change3: | 23 |
| Popular Vote3: | 80,211 |
| Percentage3: | 17.02% |
| Prime Minister | |
| Before Election: | Ants Piip |
| Before Party: | Estonian Labour Party |
| Posttitle: | State Elder after election |
| After Election: | Konstantin Päts |
| After Party: | Farmers' Assemblies |
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia between 27 and 29 November 1920, the first held under the 1920 constitution. 100 deputies were elected into the new Riigikogu by party lists in 10 regions, by which one party or electoral bloc could put up several lists in one region. Seats were still distributed on the state level, where votes for different lists were summed up by their political affiliation and then seats distributed using d'Hondt formula. Thereafter seats for one party or bloc were distributed between different lists of that political force using the same formula.