1913 in Germany explained

Events in the year 1913 in Germany.

Incumbents

National level

• Kaiser – Wilhelm II^[1]
• Chancellor – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg

State level

Kingdoms

• King of Bavaria – Otto to 5 November, then Ludwig III
• King of Prussia – Wilhelm II
• King of Saxony – Frederick Augustus III
• King of Württemberg – William II

Grand Duchies

• Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick II
• Grand Duke of Hesse – Ernest Louis
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis IV
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Adolphus Frederick V
• Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Frederick Augustus II
• Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – William Ernest

Principalities

• Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
• Principality of Lippe – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe
• Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line to 29 March, then Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line, as regent)
• Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line to 29 March, then Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line
• Waldeck and Pyrmont – Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Duchies

• Duke of Anhalt – Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt
• Duke of Brunswick – Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg (regent) to 1 November, then Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick from 2 November
• Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
• Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

Colonial Governors

• Cameroon (Kamerun) – Karl Ebermaier (1st term) to 9 October, then ... Full
• Kiaochow (Kiautschou) – Alfred Meyer-Waldeck
• German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Albert Heinrich Schnee
• German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Albert Hahl (2nd term)
• German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) – Erich Schultz-Ewerth
• German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Theodor Seitz
• Togoland – Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg

Events

• April 10  - Albrecht Grocery Shop, predecessor of the Aldi discount store chain globally, is founded in Essen.^[2]
• May 16 – Eberswalde Hoard discovered
• June 20 – Bremen school shooting causes the death of five pupils and the wounding 21 other people.^[3]
• September 9 – In Oppau, BASF starts the world's first plant for the production of fertilizer based on the Haber-Bosch process, feeding today about a third of the world's population.
• October 17 – Johannisthal air disaster occurs with an Imperial German Navy's L 2 airship's test flight resulted in the death of all 28 passengers and crew on board
• Date unknown - Bergius process is invented by German chemist Friedrich Bergius.
• Date unknown - Chemical element Protactinium is first identified by Oswald Helmuth Göhring and Kasimir Fajans.
• Date unknown - Die Naturwissenschaften first published by Die Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e. V.

Births

• 23 January - Herbert Runge, German boxer (died 1986)
• 29 January - Peter von Zahn, German journalist, writer (died 2001)
• 25 February — Gert Fröbe, German actor (died 1988)
• 26 February – Hermann Lenz, German poet and author (died 1998)
• 2 March - Falk Harnack, German director and screenwriter (died 1991)
• 18 March - Reinhard Hardegen, German U-boat commander (died 2018)
• 21 March - Werner Höfer, German journalist (died 1997)
• 9 April - Heinrich Wöhlk German optometrist. (died 1991)
• 10 April - Stefan Heym, German writer (died 2001)
• 19 April - Karl Rawer, German physicist, specialist in radio wave propagation and the ionosphere (died 2018)
• 21 April - Kai-Uwe von Hassel, German politician (died 1997)
• 24 April - Paul Esser, German actor (died 1988)
• 27 April – Luz Long, German long jump athlete (died 1943)
• 13 May - Lotte Rausch, German actress (died 1995)
• 26 May - Josef Manger, German heavy weightlifter (died 1991)
• 31 May – Peter Frankenfeld, German comedian (died 1979)
• 2 June - Walter Andreas Schwarz, German singer, song-writer (died 1992)
• 10 June – Benjamin Shapira, German-born Israeli biochemist (died 1993)
• 26 June – Rudolf Brazda, German concentration camp prisoner (died 2011)
• 1 August - Heinz Ellenberg, German biologist (died 1997)
• 1 August - Hajo Herrmann, German Luftwaffe pilot (died 2010)
• 4 August – Johann Niemann, SS officer (died 1943)
• 10 August – Wolfgang Paul, German physicist (died 1993)
• 26 August - Julius Döpfner, German cardinal of Roman Catholic Church (died 1976)
• 15 September - Johannes Steinhoff, German general (died 1994)
• 15 September - Hans Filbinger, German politician (died 2007)
• 26 September - Berthold Beitz, German industrialist (died 2013)
• 26 September - Ernst Schnabel, German writer (died 1986)
• 24 October - Jürgen Oesten, German seaman, U-boat commander during World War II. (died 2010)
• 8 November – Ludwig Elsbett, German engineer (died 2003)
• 13 November - Walter Horten, German aircraft pilot (died 1998)
• 21 November - Volker von Collande, German actor and film director (died 1990)
• 24 November - Gisela Mauermayer, German athlete (died 1995)
• 9 December - Friedrich Dickel, German politician (died 1993)
• 9 December - Fritz Grasshoff, German writer (died 1997)
• 18 December – Willy Brandt, German politician, former Chancellor of Germany (died 1992)
• 19 December - Ernst Stuhlinger, German rocket scientist (died 2008)
• 25 December – Henri Nannen, German journalist (died 1996)
• 28 December - Egbert Hayessen, German mayor (died 1944)
• 30 December - Tilo von Berlepsch, German actor (died 1991)

Deaths

• 4 January - Alfred von Schlieffen, German fieldmarshall (born 1833)
• 6 January - Carl Arp, landscape painter (born 1867)
• 8 January - Friedrich Schrempf, German editor and politician (born 1858)
• 11 January - Karl Binz, German pharmacologist (born 1832)^[4]
• 21 January - Friedrich von Hollmann, German admiral (born 1842)
• 6 March – Paul Friedrich August Ascherson, botanist (born 1834)
• 29 March – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line, nobleman (born 1832)
• 14 April - Carl Hagenbeck, German merchant (born 1844)^[5]
• 19 April – Hugo Winckler, archaeologist (born 1863)
• 29 April - Andreas Flocken, German engineer and inventor (born 1845)
• 29 May – Eduard Pechuël-Loesche, naturalist, geographer, ethnologist, painter, traveler, author and plant collector (born 1840)
• 9 August – Wilhelm Albermann, German sculptor (born 1835)
• 13 August
  • Bernhard Bardenheuer, surgeon (born 1839)
  • August Bebel, politician (born 1840)
• 21 August – Carl Ludwig von Bar, jurist (born 1836)
• 29 August – Herman Aron, electrical engineer (born 1845)
• 31 August – Erwin Bälz, physician and anthroplogist (born 1849)
• 29 September – Rudolf Diesel, engineer and inventor (born 1858)
• 5 October - Hans von Bartels, painter (born 1856)
• 10 October - Adolphus Busch, German businessman (born 1839)
• 7 December - Heinrich Ernst Göring, German jurist and diplomat (born 1839)
• 8 December - Johann von Berenberg-Gossler, banker (born 1839)
• 22 December – Theodor Kaes, neurologist (born 1852)

Notes and References

1. Web site: Historic Figures: Wilhelm II (1859 - 1941) . BBC - History . 18 June 2018.
2. News: Secrets of the German supermarkets conquering America (24 slides). Weymouth. Lauren. MSN: Money. 2017-09-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20170907214827/https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/companies/secrets-of-the-german-supermarkets-conquering-america/ss-AAqAXE5?li=BBnbfcL&ocid=mailsignout. 2017-09-07.
3. Book: Schildkraut . Jaclyn . Elsass . H. Jaymi . Mass Shootings: Media, Myths, and Realities: Media, Myths, and Realities . 2016 . ABC-CLIO . 9781440836534 . 103 . en.
4. Binz, Karl . 3 . 717.
5. News: Carl Hagenbeck. Famous Animal Dealer and Exhibitor Dies in Hamburg. . . April 14, 1913 . 2008-07-22 .