1912 in the United Kingdom explained

Events from the year 1912 in the United Kingdom.

Incumbents

• Monarch – George V
• Prime Minister – H. H. Asquith (Liberal)

Events

• 1 January – General Post Office (GPO) takes over National Telephone Company.^[1]
• 17 January – British polar explorer Robert Falcon Scott and a team of four reach the South Pole to find that Roald Amundsen had beaten them to it.^[2]
• 31 January – G. K. Sowerby's drama Rutherford and Son premières at the Royal Court Theatre in London.^{[3] [4] [5]}
• 2 February – With Our King and Queen Through India, a 2-hour Kinemacolor feature film of the Delhi Durbar of 1911 made by Charles Urban, is first shown at the Scala Theatre, London.^[6]
• 26 February–6 April – National coal strike of 1912.^{[7] [8]}
• 1 March – suffragettes smash shop windows in the West End of London, especially around Oxford Street.^[9]
• 16 March – Lawrence Oates, ill member of Scott's South Pole expedition leaves the tent saying, "I am just going outside and may be some time". He is not seen again.^[2]
• 19 March – minimum wage introduced for miners after national strike.^[9]
• 29 March – the remaining members of Scott's expedition die.^[2]
• 30 March – the University Boat Race on the Thames in London is abandoned after both crews sink.
• 1 April – the University Boat Race is restarted, and the race is won by Oxford by six lengths.
• 11 April – Irish Home Rule Bill introduced in the House of Commons, but fails to receive the support of the House of Lords.^[9]
• 13 April – the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) is established by royal charter.
• 14 - 15 April – the sinking of the Titanic: White Star liner strikes an iceberg and sinks on her maiden voyage from the United Kingdom to the United States.^{[2] [10]}
• 15 April – the syndicalist Daily Herald newspaper is first published on a permanent basis.
• 22 April – English aviator Denys Corbett Wilson completes the first aeroplane crossing of the Irish Sea, from Goodwick in Wales to Crane near Enniscorthy in Ireland.
• April/May – thousands of Jewish workers in London's garment trade in the West End strike, followed by thousands more in the East End inspired by Rudolf Rocker.
• May – Liberal Unionist Party formally merges into the Conservative And Unionist Party.
• 2 May - 3 July – Board of Trade inquiry into the sinking of the RMS Titanic.
• 5 May - 22 July – Great Britain and Ireland compete at the Olympics in Stockholm and win 10 gold, 15 silver and 16 bronze medals.
• 13 May – the Air Battalion Royal Engineers becomes the Military Wing of the Royal Flying Corps.
• 9 July – Cadeby Main pit disaster: two underground explosions in the South Yorkshire Coalfield kill 91 miners.
• 15 July – the National Insurance Act 1911 comes into force introducing National Insurance payments.^[2]
• 27 July – Bonar Law, leader of the Conservative Party in opposition, makes a defiant speech at a massive Irish Unionist rally at Blenheim Palace against Irish Home Rule implying support for armed resistance to it in Ulster.
• August
  • Cabinet ministers accused of corruption in the Marconi scandal.^[9]
  • Wettest British August on record.^[11]
• 10 August – Frank McClean flies a Short Brothers floatplane up the River Thames between the upper and lower parts of Tower Bridge and underneath London Bridge.^[12]
• 25 - 27 August – the wet summer climaxes in a major rainstorm across England, causing floods particularly in Norfolk and Norwich.^[13]
• September – the tradition of the Blackpool Illuminations begins.^[14]
• 31 October – Robert Baden-Powell marries Olave St Clair Soames at Parkstone.^[15]
• 5 November – establishment of the British Board of Film Censors.^[2]
• 12 November – the bodies of Captain Scott and his team are found in the Antarctic.^[2]
• 27 November – concerted suffragette attacks on pillar boxes.^[16]
• 18 December – Piltdown Man, thought to be the fossilised remains of a hitherto unknown form of early human, presented to the Geological Society of London. It is revealed to be a hoax in 1953.^[2]

Undated

• Sir Rufus Isaacs, the Attorney General, becomes the first believing Jew appointed to the Cabinet.^[17]
• Judges' Rules are issued by the judges of the King's Bench to give English police forces guidance on the procedures to be followed in detaining and questioning suspects.^[18]
• Glucozade, the predecessor of Lucozade, is first produced.

Publications

• Walter de la Mare's The Listeners, and Other Poems.
• Ethel M. Dell's first novel The Way of an Eagle.^[19]
• Arthur Conan Doyle's novel The Lost World.
• The first Georgian Poetry anthology Georgian Poetry 1911–12 edited by Edward Marsh.
• Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell's book Principia Mathematica vol. 2, one of the most important and seminal works in mathematical logic and philosophy.

Births

• 16 January – Norman Gash, historian (born in India; died 2009)
• 17 January – Edward Fennessy, electrical engineer (died 2009)
• 19 January – Margaret Wingfield, politician (died 2002)
• 20 January – Reg Smith, footballer and football manager (died 2004)
• 21 January – Laurence Whistler, poet and artist (died 2000)
• 3 February – John Bryan Ward-Perkins, archaeologist (died 1981)
• 6 February – Christopher Hill, historian (died 2003)
• 8 February
  • Ann Lambton, historian (died 2008)
  • Richard Southern, historian (died 2001)
• 12 February
  • Eric Barker, comedy actor (died 1990)
  • Gabrielle Brune, actress (died 2005)
• 11 February – Roy Fuller, poet and novelist (died 1991)
• 13 February
  • Jenny Laird, actress (died 2001)
  • Margaretta Scott, actress (died 2005)
• 20 February – Olive Cook, writer and artist (died 2002)
• 27 February – Lawrence Durrell, writer (born in India; died 1990)
• 4 March – Judith Furse, character actress (died 1974)
• 5 March – David Astor, editor of The Observer newspaper (died 2001)
• 10 March
  • Muriel Angelus, actress (died 2004)
  • Frank Smithies, mathematician (died 2002)
• 14 March – Vernon Harrison, photographer (died 2001)
• 19 March – Bill Frankland, immunologist (died 2020)
• 23 March – Betty Astell, actress (died 2005)
• 25 March – Melita Norwood, née Sirnis, secret agent (died 2005)
• 27 March
  • James Callaghan, Prime Minister (died 2005)
  • John Crofton, medical pioneer (died 2009)
• 29 March – Constance Chapman, actress (died 2003)
• 5 April
  • John Le Mesurier, actor (died 1983)
  • Bill Roberts, athlete (died 2001)
• 18 April – Sandy Glen, explorer (died 2004)
• 22 April – Kathleen Ferrier, contralto (died 1953)
• 4 May – Frith Banbury, actor and theatre director (died 2008)
• 7 May – Frank Reginald Carey, fighter pilot (died 2004)
• 10 May – Edward Gardner, politician (died 2001)
• 17 May – Percy M. Young, musicologist and composer (died 2004)
• 19 May – Noel Mander, organ builder (died 2005)
• 22 May – Herbert C. Brown, chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2004)
• 28 May – Derek Cooper, soldier and campaigner for refugees (died 2007)
• 31 May – Alfred Deller, countertenor (died 1979)
• 8 June – Wilhelmina Barns-Graham, artist (died 2004)
• 9 June – Gerald James Whitrow, mathematician and cosmologist (died 2000)
• 10 June – William Gordon Harris, civil engineer (died 2005)
• 16 June – Enoch Powell, politician (died 1998)
• 19 June – Archie Butterworth, racing car designer (died 2005)
• 20 June
  • Anthony Buckeridge, children's author (died 2004)
  • Olive Hirst, advertising agent (died 1994)^[20]
• 23 June – Alan Turing, mathematician (died 1954)^[21]
• 24 June
  • Brian Johnston, BBC cricket commentator (died 1994)
  • Mary Wesley, novelist (died 2002)
• 30 June – Arthur Walter James, journalist and Liberal Party politician (died 2015)
• 11 July – Peta Taylor, cricketer (died 1989)
• 12 July – Joseph Gold, lawyer (died 2000)
• 17 July – Michael Gilbert, lawyer and crime fiction writer (died 2006)
• 21 July – Tommy Butler, Detective Chief Superintendent (died 1970)
• 30 July – Anne Ridler, poet and editor (died 2001)
• 31 July – Peter John Stephens, writer (died 2002)
• 7 August – Paul Hawkins, politician (died 2002)
• 13 August – Terence Wilmot Hutchison, economist (died 2007)
• 15 August – Wendy Hiller, actress (died 2003)
• 16 August – Ted Drake, footballer (died 1995)
• 17 August – Margaret Scriven, tennis player (died 2001)
• 26 August – John Tinniswood, supercentenarian, world’s oldest living man (from 2 April 2024)
• 26 August – Alex Stuart-Menteth, naval officer (died 2000)
• 28 August – George Alcock, astronomer (died 2000)
• 1 September – Gwynfor Evans, Welsh politician (died 2005)
• 2 September – David Daiches, literary critic (died 2005)
• 11 September – Robin Jenkins, novelist (died 2005)
• 18 September – Frank Farmer, physicist (died 2004)
• 24 September – Ian Serraillier, novelist and poet (died 1994)
• 28 September – Peter Finch, actor (died 1977)
• 2 October – Eric Wilson, soldier (died 2008)
• 10 October – Clare Fell, archaeologist (died 2002)
• 12 October – Doreen Gorsky, politician and television producer (died 2001)
• 24 October – Peter Gellhorn, composer and conductor (born in Germany; died 2004)
• 27 October – Grahame Farr, maritime historian (died 1983)
• 28 October – Richard Doll, epidemiologist (died 2005)
• 30 October – Ian Robertson, Lord Robertson, judge (died 2005)
• 5 November – Paul Dehn, screenwriter and poet (died 1976)
• 7 November – Alex Henshaw, test pilot (died 2007)
• 12 November – Kenneth Porter, Air Force officer (died 2003)
• 13 November – John Hill, politician (died 2007)
• 25 November – Francis Durbridge, playwright and author (died 1998)
• 14 December – Desmond Fitzpatrick, general (died 2002)
• 27 December
  • Conroy Maddox, painter (died 2005)
  • Cyril Philips, historian (died 2005)

Deaths

• 7 January – Sophia Jex-Blake, physician and feminist (born 1840)
• 14 January – Samuel Waite Johnson, railway locomotive engineer (Midland Railway) (born 1831)
• 24 January – James Allen, self-help writer and poet (born 1864)
• 29 January – Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife, Scottish aristocrat and politician (born 1849)
• 10 February – Joseph Lister, surgeon (born 1827)
• 13 February – Princess Victor of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (born 1832)
• 17 February – Edgar Evans, Welsh-born naval officer, member of the Scott expedition to the South Pole (born 1876)
• 21 February – Osborne Reynolds, physicist (born 1842)
• 28 February – Bill Storer, footballer and cricketer (born 1867)
• 1 March – George Grossmith, actor and comic writer (born 1847)
• 17 March – Lawrence Oates, army officer, member of the Scott expedition (born 1880)
• 29 March – remaining members of the Scott expedition:
  • Henry Robertson Bowers, Scottish-born naval officer (born 1883)
  • Robert Falcon Scott, naval officer and explorer (born 1868)
  • Edward Wilson, physician and naturalist (born 1872)
• 15 April – some victims of the sinking of the RMS Titanic:
  • Thomas Andrews, Jr., shipbuilder (born 1873)
  • Dai Bowen, boxer (born 1891)
  • Thomas Byles, Catholic priest (born 1870)
  • Sidney Leslie Goodwin, youngest victim (born 1910)
  • Wallace Hartley, ship's band leader and violinist (born 1878)
  • William McMaster Murdoch, First Officer (born 1873)
  • Jack Phillips, ship's senior wireless officer (born 1887)
  • Edward Smith, ship's captain (born 1850)
  • William Thomas Stead, campaigning journalist (born 1849)
• 18 April – Frederick Seddon, poisoner, hanged (born 1872)
• 20 April – Bram Stoker, writer (born 1847)^[22]
• 24 April – Justin McCarthy, Irish nationalist politician, historian and novelist (born 1830)
• 21 May – Sir Julius Wernher, businessman and art collector (born 1850 in Germany)
• 13 June – Alice Diehl, novelist and concert pianist (born 1844)
• 24 June – Sir George White, field marshal (born 1835)
• 25 June – Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, painter (born 1836 in the Netherlands)
• 2 July – Tom Richardson, cricketer (born 1870)
• 20 July – Andrew Lang, Scottish poet, novelist and critic (born 1844)
• 31 July – Allan Octavian Hume, civil servant and ornithologist in India (born 1829)
• 13 August – Octavia Hill, social reformer (born 1838)
• 20 August
  • William Booth, founder of the Salvation Army (born 1829)
  • Walter Goodman, painter, illustrator and author (born 1838)
• 1 September – Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, composer (born 1875)
• 6 September – Sir Charles Gough, general and Victoria Cross recipient (born 1832)
• 28 September – Frederick Richards, admiral (born 1833)
• 30 September – Frances Allitsen, song composer (born 1848)
• 8 November – Dugald Drummond, Scottish-born railway locomotive engineer (born 1840)
• 17 November – Richard Norman Shaw, architect (born 1831)
• 25 November – Sir Edward Moss, theatrical impresario (born 1852)
• 14 December – Belgrave Edward Sutton Ninnis, explorer and officer, lost on Antarctic expedition (born 1887)

See also

• List of British films before 1920

Notes and References

1. Web site: Robert. Freshwater. A History of the British Post Office (BPO). The Telephone File. 2010. 2010-09-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20100923074604/http://britishtelephones.com/bpo.htm. 23 September 2010. live.
2. Book: Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 0-14-102715-0. 2006.
3. News: Mark. Brown. Githa Sowerby, the forgotten playwright, returns to the stage. The Guardian. 14 August 2009. 2013-02-25.
4. Web site: BBC. Tyneside honours forgotten writer. 26 August 2009. 2013-02-25.
5. News: Barbara. Hodgson. Author Is Brought Back to Life. The Journal. Newcastle upon Tyne. 17 September 2009. 2013-02-25.
6. Web site: The Delhi Durbar . Charles Urban, Motion Picture Pioneer . 2006 . 2011-01-20 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110708135411/http://www.charlesurban.com/durbar.htm . 8 July 2011 .
7. The Annual Register.
8. Web site: Peter. Gill. National Coal Strike. 23 April 2008. 2013-02-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20120920172933/http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/parade/abj76/PG/pieces/lawrence/national_coal_strike.shtml. 20 September 2012. dead.
9. Book: Palmer, Alan. Palmer . Veronica. 1992. The Chronology of British History. Century Ltd. London. 346–347. 0-7126-5616-2.
10. Book: Lord, Walter. Walter Lord. A Night to Remember. New York. Holt. 1955.
11. Book: Simons, Paul. Since Records Began. London. Collins. 2008. 978-0-00-728463-4. 75–8.
12. News: The Times. London. Sir Francis McClean Pioneer Aviator. Obituaries. 1955-08-12. 11C. 53297.
13. Web site: The Great Flood – 1912. Norfolkcoast. 2006. 2010-09-09. 2 October 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111002065208/http://norfolkcoast.co.uk/pasttimes/pt_norwichfloods.htm. dead.
14. Web site: History of the Lights. Visit Blackpool. 2012-09-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20121004233931/http://www.visitblackpool.com/illuminations/history-of-the-lights. 4 October 2012. dead.
15. Web site: Olave St Clair Baden-Powell (née Soames), Baroness Baden-Powell; Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell. National Portrait Gallery, London. 2013-01-15.
16. Book: Farrugia, Jean Young. The Letter Box: a history of Post Office pillar and wall boxes. Fontwell. Centaur Press. 1969. 0-900000-14-7.
17. [Herbert Samuel]
18. Judges' Rules and Police Interrogation in England Today. T. E.. St. Johnston. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 1966. 57. 1. 2014-12-14.
19. Book: Leavis, Q. D.. Q. D. Leavis. Fiction and the Reading Public. rev.. London. Chatto & Windus. 1965.
20. Baker. Anne Pimlott. 10.1093/ref:odnb/55025. Hirst, Olive Mirzl (1912–1994), advertising agent . 23 September 2004.
21. Web site: Alan Turing Biography, Facts, & Education . Encyclopædia Britannica. 14 February 2020 . en.
22. Web site: Bram Stoker Irish writer Britannica . Encyclopædia Britannica. 9 January 2022 . en.