1912 in Germany explained

Events in the year 1912 in Germany.

Incumbents

National level

• Kaiser – Wilhelm II
• Chancellor – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg

State level

Kingdoms

• King of Bavaria – Otto
• King of Prussia – Wilhelm II
• King of Saxony – Frederick Augustus III
• King of Württemberg – William II

Grand Duchies

• Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick II
• Grand Duke of Hesse – Ernest Louis
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis IV
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Adolphus Frederick V
• Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Frederick Augustus II
• Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – William Ernest

Principalities

• Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
• Principality of Lippe – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe
• Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line as regent)
• Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
• Waldeck and Pyrmont – Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Duchies

• Duke of Anhalt – Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt
• Duke of Brunswick – Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg (regent)
• Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
• Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

Colonial Governors

• Cameroon (Kamerun) – .... Hansen (acting governor) to 29 March, then Karl Ebermaier (1st term)
• Kiaochow (Kiautschou) – Alfred Meyer-Waldeck
• German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Georg Albrecht Freiherr von Rechenberg to 22 April, then Albert Heinrich Schnee
• German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Albert Hahl (2nd term)
• German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) – Erich Schultz-Ewerth
• German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Theodor Seitz
• Togoland – Edmund Brückner to 19 June, then Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg

Events

• January 12 – German federal election, 1912
  • October 17 – Krupp engineers Benno Strauss and Eduard Maurer patent austenitic stainless steel December 6 – The Nefertiti bust was found at Amarna by the German Oriental Company (Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft – DOG), led by German archaeologist Ludwig Borchardt.
• December 24 – Merck files patent applications in Germany for synthesis of the entactogenic drug MDMA (Ecstasy), developed by Anton Köllisch.^[1]

Undated

• German company Fresenius is founded by Eduard Fresenius.
• Alfred Wegener proposes a fully formulated theory of continental drift and gave the supercontinent Pangaea its name.
• Max von Laue suggests using crystal lattices to diffract X-rays.
• Neosalvarsan becomes available and supersedes the more toxic and less water-soluble salvarsan as an effective treatment for syphilis.

Births

• 16 January – Willy Kaiser, German boxer (died 1986)
• 21 January – Konrad Emil Bloch, German biochemist (died 2000)
• 1 February – Erich Campe, German boxer (died 1977)
• 5 February – Hedwig Potthast, German secretary and mistress of Heinrich Himmler (died 1997)
• 18 February – Heinz Kühn, German politician (died 1992)
• 24 February – Ulrich de Maizière, German general (died 2006)
• 3 March – Klaus Gysi, politician (died 1999)
• 4 March – Ferdinand Leitner, German conductor (died 1996)
• 6 March – Klaus von Bismarck, German journalist (died 1997)
• 13 March – Carl Raddatz, German actor (died 2004)
• 22 March – Alfred Schwarzmann, German gymnast (died 2000)
• 23 March – Wernher von Braun, German aerospace engineer and space architect (died 1977)
• 29 March – Hanna Reitsch, German soldier and pilot (d. 1979)^[2]
• 31 March – Hermann Höcherl, German politician (died 1989)
• 29 April – Moshe Landau, German-born Israeli jurist and president of the Supreme Court of Israel (died 2011)
• 2 May:
  • Axel Springer, German journalist (died 1985)
  • Karl Adam, German rowing coach (died 1976)
• 9 May – Fritz Sennheiser, German electrical engineer and entrepreneur, founder of Sennheiser (died 2010)
• 1 June – Oswald Lange, German aerospace engineer (died 2012)
• 5 June – Josef Neckermann, German equestrian and businessman (died 1992)
• 11 June - Bruno von Freytag-Löringhoff, German philosopher, mathematician and epistemologist (died 1996)
• 21 June – Toni Merkens, German cyclist (died 1944)
• 28 June – Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, German physicist (died 2007)
• 30 June – Ludwig Bölkow, German aeronautical pioneers of Germany (died 2003)
  • • 9 July Willi Stadel, German gymnast (died [1999])
  • Albrecht Obermaier, German naval officer (died 2004)
• 28 July – Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (died 1988)
• 3 August:
  • Fritz Hellwig, German politician (died 2017)
  • Richard Holm, German operatic tenor (died 1988)
• 14 August – Erwin Strittmatter, German writer (died 1994)
• 31 August – Helmut Hamann, German athlete (died 1941)
• 2 September – Ingeborg Rapoport, German pediatrician (died 2017)
• 19 September – Kurt Sanderling, German conductor (died 2011)^[3]
• 14 October – Albert Richter, German cyclist (died 1940)
• 1 November – Gunther Plaut, German-born Canadian rabbi and writer (died 2013)
• 28 November – Heinz Galinski, President of Central Council of Jews in Germany (died 1992)
• 29 November – Günther Smend, German officer (died 1944)
• Date unknown
  • Hans Metzger, former German diplomat
  • Elisabeth Schmid, German archaeologist and osteologist (died 1994)^[4]

Deaths

• 8 January – Friedrich Schrempf, editor and member of the Reichstag (born 1858)
• 5 February – Botho zu Eulenburg (born 1831)
• 8 February – Wilhelm von Hahnke, German fieldmarshall (born 1833)
• 5 March – Rochus von Liliencron, German germanist and historian (born 1820)
• 12 March – Friedrich Karl Wilhelm Dönitz, German physician, anatomist, zoologist and entomologist (born 1838)
• 30 March – Karl May, German writer (born 1842)
• 30 July – Friedrich Schulze, German architect (born 1843)
• 10 August – Paul Wallot, German architect (born 1841)
• 24 September – Adolf Marschall von Bieberstein, German politician (born 1842)
• 10 October – Rudolf Arnold Nieberding, German politician (born 1888)
• 27 October – Friedrich zu Limburg-Stirum, German diplomat and politician (born 1835)
• 22 November – Otto Lessing, German sculptor (born 1846)
• 28 November – Otto Brahm, German drama and literary critic (born 1856)
• 23 December – Otto Schoetensack, German industrialist and later professor of anthropology (born 1850)
• 30 December – Alfred von Kiderlen-Waechter, German diplomat and politician (born 1852)

Notes and References

1. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01511.x. Freudenmann, R. W. . Oxler, F. . Bernschneider-Reif, S. . The origin of MDMA (ecstasy) revisited: the true story reconstructed from the original documents.. Addiction. 101. 9. 1241–1245. 2006. 16911722.
2. Book: Piszkiewicz, Dennis. From Nazi Test Pilot to Hitler's Bunker: The Fantastic Flights of Hanna Reitsch. Westport. Praeger. 1997. 978-0-27595-456-7. 3.
3. News: Kurt Sanderling, Eastern Bloc Conductor, Dies at 98 . The New York Times. William Grimes . 2011-09-20 . 2015-08-27.
4. Book: Ogilvie . Marilyn . Harvey . Joy . Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie . Joy Harvey . The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century . 2003 . Routledge . 9781135963422 . 1716 . en.