1906 in the United Kingdom explained

Events from the year 1906 in the United Kingdom.

Incumbents

• Monarch – Edward VII
• Prime Minister – Henry Campbell-Bannerman (Liberal)

Events

• 8 February – the Liberal Party led by Henry Campbell-Bannerman win the general election with a large majority. The Conservatives lose 246 seats, including that of their leader, Arthur Balfour.
• 10 February –, the first all-big-gun battleship, is launched at Portsmouth and sparks the naval race between Britain and Germany.
• 15 February – representatives of the Labour Representation Committee in Parliament take the name Parliamentary Labour Party.
• 10 March – Bakerloo line of the London Underground opened.^[1]
• 15 March – Rolls-Royce Limited is registered as a car manufacturer.
• 22 March – first international rugby match. England defeats France 25–8.
• 21 April – Manchester United F.C., known as Newton Heath until four years ago, secure promotion to the Football League First Division.^[2]
• 15 May – Our Dumb Friends League opens its first animal hospital, in Victoria, London.^[3]
• 26 May – opening of Vauxhall Bridge in London.^[1]
• 30 May – Royal Navy battleship HMS Montagu runs aground on the island of Lundy and becomes a loss.^[4]
• 22 June – the present King's daughter Maud is crowned as queen consort of Norway.
• 27 June – Swansea earthquake causes considerable damage.^[5]
• 30 June – Salisbury rail crash: a London and South Western Railway express train suffers derailment and collision passing through Salisbury station at excessive speed; 24 passengers and 4 railwaymen are killed.^{[6] [7]}
• 12 July – Handcross Hill bus crash: 10 people are killed when a Vanguard Milnes-Daimler bus crashes on Handcross Hill whilst on a private hire excursion to Brighton.^[8]
• 31 August–3 September – Heat wave reaches its peak.^[9]
• 15 September – anti-vivisection Brown Dog statue is erected in Battersea, provoking riots.
• 19 September – Grantham rail accident: a Great Northern Railway sleeping car train suffers derailment passing through Grantham station at excessive speed; 14 are killed.^[6]
• 30 September – the first Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning is held, starting in Paris; the winners, in the balloon United States, land in Fylingdales, Yorkshire.
• October – new City Hall, Cardiff, opens in Cathays Park.
• 8 October – German inventor and hairdresser Karl Nessler gives the first public demonstration of his permanent wave machine in London.^[1]
• 23 October – suffragettes disrupt the State Opening of Parliament.^[10]
• 2 December – HMS Dreadnought commissioned.
• 10 December – J. J. Thomson wins the Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases."^[11]
• 13 December
  • Trade Disputes Act legalises picketing.^[10]
  • Workmen's Compensation Act entitles workers to compensation for industrial injuries or disease.^[10]
• 15 December – Piccadilly line of the London Underground opened.^[1]
• 21 December – Education (Provision of Meals) Act allows local education authorities to provide cheap or free school meals to the poorest children.^[12]

Undated

• Hampstead Garden Suburb established in north London.
• Richard Oldham argues that the Earth has a molten interior.
• Alice Perry becomes the first woman to graduate with a degree in civil engineering in the British Isles, at Queen's College, Galway, Ireland, and is appointed in December as an acting county surveyor.^[13]
• J. K. Farnell of London manufacture the first British teddy bear.

Publications

• Angela Brazil's schoolgirl story The Fortunes of Philippa.
• William De Morgan's novel Joseph Vance.^[14]
• The English Hymnal edited by Percy Dearmer and Ralph Vaughan Williams.
• Henry Watson Fowler and Frank Fowler's book The King's English.
• John Galsworthy's first Forsyte Saga novel The Man of Property.
• Rudyard Kipling's historical fantasy Puck of Pook's Hill.
• William Le Queux and H. W. Wilson's invasion literature novel The Invasion of 1910 (originally serialised in the Daily Mail from 19 March).
• E. Nesbit's novel The Railway Children (in book form).
• J. M. Dent and Company commence publication of the Everyman's Library series with Boswell's Life of Johnson.

Births

• 5 January – Kathleen Kenyon, archaeologist of the Middle East and college principal (died 1978)
• 12 January – Eric Birley, historian and archaeologist (died 1995)
• 16 January – Diana Wynyard, actress (died 1964)
• 19 January – Leader Stirling, missionary surgeon (died 2003)
• 22 January – Joe Gladwin, actor (died 1987)
• 23 January – Lady May Abel Smith, royalty, great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria (died 1994)
• 10 February – Arthur Elton, pioneer documentary film maker (died 1973)
• 13 February – E. M. Wright, mathematician (died 2005)
• 19 February – Grace Williams, Welsh composer (died 1977)
• 26 February – Madeleine Carroll, actress (died 1997)
• 28 February – Percy Shakespeare, painter (died 1943)
• 3 March – Rose Hacker, activist (died 2008)
• 13 March – Dave Kaye, pianist (died 1996)
• 16 March – Henny Youngman, American-domiciled comedian (died 1998)
• 19 March – Stella Ross-Craig, floral illustrator (died 2006)
• 25 March – A. J. P. Taylor, historian (died 1990)
• 26 March – Ronald Urquhart, general (died 1968)
• 31 March – David Heneker, composer (died 2001)
• 8 April – Marjorie Lewty, writer (died 2002)
• 9 April – Hugh Gaitskell, Labour politician (died 1963)
• 11 April – Julia Clements, flower arranger (died 2010)
• 18 April – George Wallace, politician (died 2003)
• 21 April
  • Lillian Browse, art dealer (died 2005)
  • Stephen Tennant, eccentric socialite (died 1987)
• 29 May – T. H. White, Indian-born novelist (died 1964)
• 1 June – Walter Legge, classical record producer (died 1979)
• 5 June – Margaret Sampson, Anglican nun (died 1988)
• 19 June – Ernst Boris Chain, German-born biochemist, Nobel laureate (died 1979)
• 20 June – Robert Trent Jones, American-domiciled golf course designer (died 2000)
• 26 June – John Wolfenden, Baron Wolfenden, educationist (died 1985)
• 27 June
  • Catherine Cookson, novelist (died 1998)
  • Vernon Watkins, Welsh poet (died 1967)
• 30 June – Ralph Allen, footballer (died 1981)
• 1 July
  • Ritchie Calder, Scottish socialist author, journalist and academic (died 1982)
  • Ivan Neill, major and Irish Unionist politician (died 2001)
• 3 July – George Sanders, screen actor (died 1972)
• 10 July – Harold Ridley, ophthalmologist (died 2001)
• 5 August – Joan Hickson, actress (died 1998)
• 7 August – Launcelot Fleming, Anglican bishop and polar explorer (died 1990)
• 28 August – John Betjeman, poet laureate (died 1984)
• 30 August – Elizabeth Longford, biographer (died 2002)
• 1 September – Eleanor Hibbert, historical romantic novelist under several pseudonyms (died 1993)
• 16 September – Norman Lumsden, opera singer (died 2001)
• 27 September – William Empson, poet and literary critic (died 1984)
• 30 September – J. I. M. Stewart, Scottish-born novelist and academic critic (died 1994)
• 20 October – Winifred Watson, novelist (died 2002)
• 21 October – Elsie Widdowson, dietician and nutritionist (died 2000)
• 24 October – Robert Sainsbury, businessman and art collector (died 2000)
• 1 November – Beryl Cooke, actress (died 2001)
• 4 November – Arnold Cooke, composer (died 2005)
• 5 November – "Pip" Roberts, general (died 1997)
• 6 November – Alastair Graham, zoologist (died 2000)
• 13 November
  • Hermione Baddeley, character actress (died 1986)
  • John Sparrow, literary scholar (died 1992)
• 18 November
  • Neville Ford, cricketer (died 2000)
  • Alec Issigonis, Ottoman-born car designer (died 1988)
• 19 November – Alan Bloom, horticulturalist (died 2005)
• 21 November – Georgina Battiscombe, biographer (died 2006)
• 29 November – Barbara C. Freeman, writer and poet (died 1999)^[15]
• 8 December – Richard Llewellyn, novelist (died 1983)
• 24 December – James Hadley Chase, novelist (died 1985)
• 30 December – Carol Reed, film director (died 1976)

Deaths

• 5 January – Sir William Gatacre, general (born 1843)
• 22 January – George Holyoake, secularist and proponent of the cooperative movement (born 1817)
• 1 February – J. P. Seddon, architect and designer (born 1827)
• 2 March – Ellen Mary Clerke, writer (born 1840)
• 8 March – Henry Baker Tristram, ornithologist and clergyman (born 1822)
• 19 April – Spencer Gore, tennis player and cricketer (born 1850)
• 5 May – Eliza Brightwen, naturalist (born 1830)^[16]
• 6 June – Sir Frederick Peel, politician (born 1823)
• 20 June – John Clayton Adams, landscape painter (born 1840)
• 3 August – Sir Sydney Waterlow, businessman, politician and philanthropist (born 1822)
• 19 August – Agnes Catherine Maitland, academic, novelist and cookery writer (born 1850)
• 24 September – Charlotte Riddell, fiction writer and editor (born 1832)
• 9 October – Wilhelmina FitzClarence, Countess of Munster, fiction writer (born 1830)
• 30 October – Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook, politician (born 1814)
• 9 November – Dorothea Beale, proponent of women's education (born 1831)
• 30 November – Sir Edward Reed, naval architect, politician and Florida railroad magnate (born 1830)
• 19 December – Frederic William Maitland, historian and jurist (born 1850)
• 30 December
  • Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts, philanthropist (born 1814)
  • Josephine Butler, feminist and social reformer (born 1828)
  • Eugène Goossens, père, conductor (born 1845 in Belgium)

See also

• List of British films before 1920

Notes and References

1. Book: Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 0-14-102715-0. 2006.
2. Web site: English Second Division 1905/1906. manchesterunited-mad.co.uk. 2012-11-27.
3. Web site: Blue Cross: 100 not out. Mature Times. 1 August 2006. 2011-01-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20120304175221/http://www.maturetimes.co.uk/node/352. 4 March 2012. dead.
4. Book: Burt, R. A.. British Battleships 1889–1904. Naval Institute Press. Annapolis, MD. 1988. 205–206. 0-87021-061-0.
5. News: The day an earthquake hit Swansea. BBC . 27 June 2006.
6. Book: Rolt, L. T. C.. Red for Danger: a history of railway accidents and railway safety precautions. London. Bodley Head. 1955. L. T. C. Rolt.
7. Book: Pattenden, Norman. Salisbury, 1906: an answer to the enigma?. Swindon. South Western Circle. 2001. 0-9503741-6-4.
8. Book: Marshall, Prince. Wheels of London. The Westerham Press. 1973. 124. 0-7230-0068-9.
9. Web site: Warm spells in September. Suri. Dan. 16 February 2001. 2010-09-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20080905093358/http://www.dandantheweatherman.com/Bereklauw/Septwarm.htm. 5 September 2008. dead.
10. Book: Palmer, Alan. Palmer . Veronica. 1992. The Chronology of British History. Century Ltd. London. 338–339. 0-7126-5616-2.
11. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906. 2008-02-03.
12. L.. Andrews. The School Meals Service. British Journal of Educational Studies. 20. 1972. 1. 70–75. 10.2307/3119787. 3119787.
13. Web site: Alice Perry. Institution of Engineers of Ireland. 2011-11-24.
14. Bram. Stoker. Bram Stoker. June 1908. Mr. De Morgan's Habits of Work. The World's Work. XVI. 10337–10342. 2009-07-10.
15. Book: Campbell, Margaret. Freeman, Barbara C(onstance). D.L.. Kirkpatrick. Twentieth-century Children's Writers. London. Macmillan. 1978. 978-0-33323-414-3. 472.
16. Book: Desmond. Ray. Dictionary of British and Irish Botanists and Horticulturists including plant collectors, flower painters and garden designers. 1994. CRC Press. 978-0-85066-843-8. 100.