1906 United States House of Representatives elections explained

Election Name:	1906 United States House of Representatives elections
Country:	United States
Flag Year:	1896
Type:	legislative
Ongoing:	no
Previous Election:	1904 United States House of Representatives elections
Previous Year:	1904
Next Election:	1908 United States House of Representatives elections
Next Year:	1908
Majority Seats:	196
Election Date:	November 6, 1906
Image1:	JGCannon.jpg
Party1:	Republican Party (United States)
Last Election1:	251 seats
Seats1:	223^[1] ^[2]
Seat Change1:	28
Popular Vote1:	5,695,735
Percentage1:	50.99%
Swing1:	3.59%
Party2:	Democratic Party (United States)
Last Election2:	135 seats
Seats2:	167
Seat Change2:	32
Popular Vote2:	4,866,899
Percentage2:	43.57%
Swing2:	2.59%
Party4:	Independent (US)
Last Election4:	0 seats
Seats4:	1
Seat Change4:	1
Popular Vote4:	40,264
Percentage4:	0.36%
Swing4:	0.20%

Before Party:	Republican Party (United States)
After Party:	Republican Party (United States)

The 1906 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 6, 1906, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They occurred in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's second term. Elections were held for 386 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 60th United States Congress (Oklahoma would later gain statehood in 1907 and increase the House membership to 391).

As in many midterm elections, the President's Republican Party lost seats to the opposition Democratic Party, but retained a large overall majority. Dissatisfaction with working conditions and resentment toward union busting among industrial laborers in the Mid-Atlantic and Midwest caused these groups to turn out to the polls in large numbers in support of the Democratic Party. However, gains in these regions were not enough to remove the Republican majority or the firm support that the party held among the middle class.

Special elections

District	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
District	Senator	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	None				New seat. New delegate elected August 14, 1906 to finish the current term. Democratic gain. Successor would not run for election to the next term, see below.	nowrap
	James Gillett		Republican	1902		Incumbent resigned. New member elected November 6, 1906. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Rufus E. Lester		Democratic	1888		Incumbent died. New member elected November 6, 1906. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Robert R. Hitt		Republican	1882		Incumbent died September 20, 1906. New member elected November 6, 1906. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Newton W. Gilbert		Republican	1904		Incumbent resigned November 6, 1906, after being appointed judge of the court of first instance at Manila, Philippines. New member elected November 6, 1906. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Timothy Sullivan		Democratic	1902		Incumbent resigned July 27, 1906. New member elected November 6, 1906. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Robert Adams Jr.		Republican	1893		Incumbent died June 1, 1906. New member elected November 6, 1906. Republican hold.	nowrap
	George A. Castor		Republican	1903		Incumbent died February 19, 1906. New member elected November 6, 1906. Republican hold.	nowrap
	George R. Patterson		Republican	1900		Incumbent died March 21, 1906. New member elected November 6, 1906. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Claude A. Swanson		Democratic	1892		Incumbent resigned January 30, 1906, after being elected Governor of Virginia. New member elected November 6, 1906. Democratic hold.	nowrap
	Henry C. Adams		Republican	1902		Incumbent died July 9, 1906. New member elected September 4, 1906. Republican hold.	nowrap
	Rockwood Hoar		Republican	1904		Incumbent died November 1, 1906. New member elected December 18, 1906. Republican hold.	nowrap

Election summaries

↓
167	1	223
Democratic		Republican

State	Type	Total seats	Republican
State	Type	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	9	9		0
Arkansas	District	7	7		0
California	District	8	0		8
Colorado	District +at-large	3	0		3
Connecticut	District +at-large	5	0		5
Delaware	At-large	1	0		1
Florida	District	3	3		0
Georgia	District	11	11		0
Idaho	At-large	1	0		1
Illinois	District	25	5	4	20	4
Indiana	District	13	4	2	9	2
Iowa	District	11	1	1	10	1
Kansas	District	8	0		8
Kentucky	District	11	7	2	4	2
Louisiana	District	7	7		0
Maine	District	4	0		4
Maryland	District	6	3		3
Massachusetts	District	14	3		11
Michigan	District	12	0		12
Minnesota	District	9	1	1	8	1
Mississippi	District	8	8		0
Missouri	District	16	12	5	4	5
Montana	At-large	1	0		1
Nebraska	District	6	1	1	5	1
Nevada	At-large	1	1		0
New Hampshire	District	2	0		2
New Jersey	District	10	4	3	6	3
New York	District	37	11		26
North Carolina	District	10	10	1	0	1
North Dakota	District	2	0		2
Ohio	District	21	5	4	16	4
Oregon	District	2	0		2
Pennsylvania	District	32	7	6	25	6
Rhode Island	District	2	1		1
South Carolina	District	7	7		0
South Dakota	At-large	2	0		2
Tennessee	District	10	8		2
Texas	District	16	16		0
Utah	At-large	1	0		1
Vermont	District	2	0		2
Virginia	District	10	9		1
Washington	At-large	3	0		3
West Virginia	District	5	0		5
Wisconsin	District	11	2	1	9	1
Wyoming	At-large	1	0		1
align=center colspan=2	Total	386	167	27	223	27

Election dates

In 1906, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:

June 4 Oregon
September 4 Vermont
September 10 Maine

Oklahoma was admitted in 1907 and held its first congressional elections on September 17, 1907.

Alabama

Arkansas

California

See main article: 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in California.

Incumbent	First elected	Result	Candidates
James Gillett	Republican	1902		Incumbent retired to run for Governor of California. New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
Duncan E. McKinlay	Republican	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
Joseph R. Knowland	Republican	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
Julius Kahn	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
Everis A. Hayes	Republican	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
James C. Needham	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
James McLachlan	Republican	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
Sylvester C. Smith	Republican	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Incumbent	First elected	Result	Candidates
Stephen M. Sparkman	Democratic	1894	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
Frank Clark	Democratic	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
William B. Lamar	Democratic	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Georgia

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Incumbent	First elected	Result	Candidates
Thomas Alexander Smith	Democratic	1904		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap
J. Frederick C. Talbott	Democratic	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
Frank C. Wachter	Republican	1898		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
John Gill Jr.	Democratic	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
Sydney Emanuel Mudd I	Republican	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
George A. Pearre	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oregon

Willis C. Hawley (Republican) 49.13%
Charles V. Galloway (Democratic) 41.10%
W. W. Myers (Socialist) 5.94%
Edward F. Green (Prohibition) 3.83%^[3]

William R. Ellis (Republican) 61.02%
James H. Graham (Democratic) 26.18%
A. M. Paul (Socialist) 7.61%
H. W. Stone (Prohibition) 5.19%^[4]

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

See main article: 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina.

Incumbent	First elected	Result	Candidates
George Swinton Legaré	Democratic	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
James O'H. Patterson	Democratic	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
Wyatt Aiken	Democratic	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
Joseph T. Johnson	Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
David E. Finley	Democratic	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
J. Edwin Ellerbe	Democratic	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
Asbury F. Lever	Democratic	1901 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin. Wisconsin elected eleven members of congress on Election Day, November 6, 1906.^[5] ^[6]

Wyoming

Non-voting delegates

District of Alaska

New Mexico Territory

See also: List of United States representatives from New Mexico. New Mexico Territory elected its non-voting delegate November 6, 1906.

Bibliography

Book: Dubin, Michael J. . United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses . McFarland and Company . March 1, 1998 . 978-0786402830.
Book: Martis, Kenneth C. . The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989 . Macmillan Publishing Company . January 1, 1989 . 978-0029201701.
Book: John L. . Moore . Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections . Congressional Quarterly Inc. . Third . 1994 . 978-0871879967.
Web site: Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present . Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives . January 21, 2015.
Book: Secretary of State . Maryland Manual 1906 . 1907 . Wm. J. C. Dulany Co. . Baltimore . 23 June 2020.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

Notes and References

Web site: Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present . Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives . May 18, 2015.
Martis, pp. 160–161.
Web site: OR - District 01 Race - Jun 04, 1906 . Our Campaigns . 30 November 2021 .
Web site: OR - District 02 Race - Jun 04, 1906 . Our Campaigns . 30 November 2021 .
Web site: Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120405132933/http://www.hhh.umn.edu/centers/cspg/research/election_data_archive/pdf/WI_US_House_Election_Results.pdf . April 5, 2012 . Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs . March 8, 2022 . .
The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin 1907 . 1907 . Wisconsin Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics . Beck . J. D. . Biographical Sketches . 1116–1119 . June 8, 2024 .