| Competition: | Primera División |
| Season: | 1906 |
| Dates: | 29 April – 7 October |
| Winners: | Alumni (6th title) |
| Relegated: | (none) |
| Matches: | 51 |
| Total Goals: | 215 |
| League Topscorer: |  Eliseo Brown (Alumni) Percy Hooton (Quilmes) Henry Lawrie (Lomas)  Carlos Whalley (Belgrano A.C.) (8 goals each) |
| Biggest Home Win: | Reformer 11–0 Barracas A.C. |
| Biggest Away Win: | Belgrano Extra 1–5 Alumni |
| Prevseason: | 1905 |
| Nextseason: | 1907 |
The 1906 Argentine Primera División was the 15th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The 1906 championship was expanded to include 11 teams. The teams were split into two groups with each team playing the others in their group twice.[1] The two group winners played in a championship decider.[2]
The season began on April 29 and ended on October 7.[2] San Isidro, Argentino de Quilmes and San Martín A.C. (from the homonymous city) made their debuts in Primera. Belgrano A.C. also registered a "B" team (named "Belgrano Extra") to play the tournament. Alumni regaining the Argentine championship for the 6th time in seven seasons.[3]
| Date | width=80px | Team 1 | Res. | width=80px | Team 2 | Venue | City |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 Oct | bgcolor= #ccffcc | Alumni | Estadio C.A. Porteño | Buenos Aires |
| GK | José Buruca Laforia | ||
| DF | Juan Domingo Brown | ||
| DF | Jorge Brown | ||
| MF |  Andrés Mack | ||
| MF | Carlos Buchanan | ||
| MF | Patricio Barron Browne | ||
| FW | Gottlob Eduardo Weiss | ||
| FW | |||
| FW | |||
| FW | |||
| FW | Eliseo Brown |
| GK | R. E. Green | ||
| DF | R. Walker | ||
| DF | Jack B. Campbell | ||
| MF | O. Saint J. Gebbie | ||
| MF | William Stirling | ||
| MF | O. W. Pfeiffer | ||
| FW | Roberto Cotman | ||
| FW | Duncan H. Cotman | ||
| FW | G. E. Evans | ||
| FW | Arturo Jacobs | ||
| FW | J. Henry Lawrie |