| Election Name: | 1904–05 United States Senate elections |
| Country: | United States |
| Flag Year: | 1896 |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1902–03 United States Senate elections |
| Next Election: | 1906–07 United States Senate elections |
| Seats For Election: | 30 of the 90 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) |
| Majority Seats: | 46 |
| Election Date: | February 4, 1904 – April 20, 1905 |
| 1Blank: | Seats up |
| Party1: | Republican Party (US) |
| Image1: | William B. Allison - Brady-Handy.jpg |
| Leader1: | William B. Allison |
| Leader Since1: | March 4, 1897 |
| Leaders Seat1: | Iowa |
| Seats1: | 22 |
| Seats Before1: | 57 |
| Seats After1: | 57 |
| 1Data1: | 23 |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Leader2: | Arthur P. Gorman (retired) |
| Leader Since2: | March 4, 1903 |
| Leaders Seat2: | Maryland |
| Seats2: | 5 |
| Seats Before2: | 33 |
| Seats After2: | 32 |
| Seat Change2: | 1 |
| 1Data2: | 7 |
| Majority Party | |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| After Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| Map Size: | 320px |
The 1904–05 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President Theodore Roosevelt's landslide election to a full term and the 1904 House of Representatives elections. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1904 and 1905, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
Party share of seats remained roughly the same, when including vacancies and appointments, and the Republicans retained a significant majority over the Democrats.
Special elections were held in Indiana and Massachusetts, in the former due to the ascension of Charles Fairbanks to the Vice Presidency and in the latter due to the death of longtime Senator George Hoar.
In Georgia, the legislature failed to elect until shortly after the beginning of the 59th Congress on March 4. In Delaware the legislature deadlocked and did not elect a Senator until June 1906.
Senate party division, 59th Congress (1905–1907)
At the beginning of 1904.
| D | D | D | D | D | |||||||||||||||
| width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D |
| D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | ||||||||||
| R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| Majority → | |||||||||||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | |||||||||||||||
| D | D | D | D | D | |||||||||||||||
| width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D |
| D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | ||||||||||
| R | V | V | V | D | D | D | D | D | D | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| Majority → | |||||||||||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | |||||||||||||||
| D | D | D | D | D | |||||||||||||||
| width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D |
| D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | ||||||||||
| R | V | V | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| Majority → | |||||||||||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | |||||||||||||||
| Key: |
|
|---|
In these elections, the winners were seated during 1904 or in 1905 before March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | ||||||
| Ohio (Class 1) | Mark Hanna | Republican | 1897 1898 1898 | Incumbent died February 15, 1904. New senator elected March 2, 1904.[2] Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. | nowrap | |||
| Pennsylvania (Class 1) | Matthew Quay | Republican | 1887 1893 1899 1899 1901 | Incumbent died May 28, 1904. New senator elected January 17, 1905. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. | nowrap | |||
| Massachusetts (Class 2) | Winthrop M. Crane | Republican | 1904 | Interim appointee elected January 18, 1905. | nowrap | |||
In this election, the winner was seated March 4, 1905.
In these elections, the winners were seated March 4, 1907, in the 60th Congress; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | ||||||
| Mississippi (Class 2) | Anselm J. McLaurin | Democratic | 1894 1900 | Incumbent re-elected early January 19, 1904. | nowrap | |||
| Louisiana (Class 2) | Murphy J. Foster | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected early May 18, 1904.[3] | nowrap | |||
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1905; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | ||||||
| California | Thomas R. Bard | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost renomination New senator elected January 11, 1905.[4] Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Connecticut | Joseph Roswell Hawley | Republican | 1881 1887 1893 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1905.[5] Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Delaware | L. Heisler Ball | Republican | 1903 | Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. Seat would remain vacant until June 13, 1906. | nowrap | |||
| Florida | James Taliaferro | Democratic | 1899 | Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent would be appointed to start the term. Appointee was later elected to finish the term, see below. | ||||
| Indiana | Albert J. Beveridge | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. | nowrap | |||
| Maine | Eugene Hale | Republican | 1881 1887 1893 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. | nowrap | |||
| Maryland | Louis E. McComas | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 4, 1904. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| Massachusetts | Henry Cabot Lodge | Republican | 1893 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. | nowrap | |||
| Michigan | Julius C. Burrows | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. | nowrap | |||
| Minnesota | Moses E. Clapp | Republican | 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. | nowrap | |||
| Mississippi | Hernando Money | Democratic | 1897 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1904.[6] | nowrap | |||
| Missouri | Francis Cockrell | Democratic | 1874 1881 1887 1893 1899 | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. | nowrap | |||
| Montana | Paris Gibson | Democratic | 1901 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1905. Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
| Nebraska | Charles Henry Dietrich | Republican | 1901 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1905. Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Nevada | William Morris Stewart | Republican | 1887 1893 1899 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1905. Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| New Jersey | John Kean | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 2, 1905. | nowrap | |||
| New York | Chauncey Depew | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. | nowrap | |||
| North Dakota | Porter J. McCumber | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. | nowrap | |||
| Ohio | Marcus A. Hanna | Republican | 1897 1898 1898 | Incumbent re-elected, but died February 15, 1904. New senator elected March 2, 1904. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the term, see above. | nowrap | |||
| Pennsylvania | Philander C. Knox | Republican | 1904 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. | nowrap | |||
| Rhode Island | Nelson W. Aldrich | Republican | 1881 1886 1892 1898 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. | nowrap | |||
| Tennessee | William B. Bate | Democratic | 1887 1893 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1905. | nowrap | |||
| Texas | Charles Allen Culberson | Democratic | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905. | nowrap | |||
| Utah | Thomas Kearns | Republican | 1901 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 18, 1905. Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Vermont | Redfield Proctor | Republican | 1891 1892 1892 1898 | Incumbent re-elected October 18, 1904.[7] | nowrap | |||
| Virginia | John W. Daniel | Democratic | 1887 1893 1899 | Incumbent re-elected January 26, 1904. | nowrap | |||
| Washington | Addison G. Foster | Republican | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 27, 1905. Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
| West Virginia | Nathan B. Scott | Republican | Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905. | nowrap | ||||
| Wisconsin | Joseph V. Quarles | Republican | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1905.[8] Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Wyoming | Clarence D. Clark | Republican | Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905.[9] | nowrap | ||||
In these elections, the winners were elected in 1905 after March 4; sorted by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||||||
| Missouri (Class 1) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected March 18, 1905. Republican gain. | nowrap | ||||||
| Tennessee (Class 1) | William B. Bate | Democratic | 1887 1893 1899 1905 | Incumbent, having just been re-elected, died March 9, 1905. New senator elected March 21, 1905. Democratic hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Florida (Class 1) | James Taliaferro | Democratic | 1899 1905 | Legislature had failed to elect. Predecessor was appointed to begin the term. Interim appointee April 20, 1905. | nowrap | ||||
| Connecticut (Class 3) | Orville H. Platt | Republican | 1879 1885 1891 1897 1903 | Incumbent died April 21, 1905. New senator elected May 10, 1905. Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland.
| Election Name: | 1904 United States Senate election in Maryland |
| Popular Vote1: | 80 |
| Colour1: | B0CEFF |
| Percentage1: | 70.49% |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Candidate1: | Isidor Rayner |
| Image1: | Isidor Rayner standing photograph portrait.jpg |
| Popular Vote2: | 36 |
| Colour2: | FFB6B6 |
| Percentage2: | 29.51 |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Candidate2: | Louis E. McComas |
| Next Year: | 1910 |
| Next Election: | 1910 United States Senate election in Maryland |
| Previous Year: | 1898 |
| Previous Election: | 1898 United States Senate election in Maryland |
| Votes For Election: | 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly |
| Vote Type: | Legislative |
| Election Date: | February 9, 1904 |
| Type: | presidential |
Isidor Rayner defeated incumbent Louis E. McComas by a margin of 40.98%, or 50 votes for the Class 1 seat.[10]
See main article: 1905 United States Senate election in New York.
See also: List of United States senators from New York. The 1905 election in New York was held on January 17, 1905, by the New York State Legislature. Republican Chauncey M. Depew had been elected to this seat in 1899, and his term would expire on March 3, 1905. At the State election in November 1904, large Republican majorities were elected for a two-year term (1905-1906) in the State Senate, and for the session of 1905 to the Assembly. The 128th State Legislature met from January 3, 1905, on at Albany, New York.
Late in 1904, Ex-Governor Frank S. Black tried to be nominated to succeed Depew. Black was supported by Governor Benjamin B. Odell Jr., but after intense fighting behind the scenes, Odell finally dropped Black and accepted Depew's re-election which had been supported by his fellow Senator Thomas C. Platt and Speaker S. Frederick Nixon. The Republican caucus met on January 16. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Chauncey M. Depew unanimously.
The Democratic caucus met also on January 16. They nominated again Smith M. Weed who had been the candidate of the Democratic minority in the U.S. Senate election of 1887.
| Candidate | First ballot | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nowrap | align=right | 42 | |
| D. Cady Herrick | align=right | 14 |
Chauncey M. Depew was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.
| Office | House | Republican | Democrat | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Senate (50 members) | nowrap | align=right | 36 | Smith M. Weed | align=right | 13 | ||
| State Assembly (150 members) | nowrap | align=right | 100 | Smith M. Weed | align=right | 44 | ||
Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.
See main article: 1905 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania.
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania. The election in Pennsylvania was held on January 17, 1905. Incumbent Philander C. Knox was elected by the Pennsylvania State Assembly to his first full term in the United States Senate.[11]
Republican Matthew Quay was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate in the previous election in January 1901. He served until his death on May 28, 1904.[12] In June 1904, Republican Philander C. Knox was appointed to serve out the remainder of Quay's term, ending on March 4, 1905, when he began a term in his own right.[13]
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate, convened on January 17, 1905, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1905. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
|-| colspan=3 align=right | Totals| align=right | 254| align=right | 100.00%|}