1904 United States presidential election in Louisiana explained

See main article: 1904 United States presidential election.

Election Name:1904 United States presidential election in Louisiana
Country:Louisiana
Flag Year:1861b
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1900 United States presidential election in Louisiana
Previous Year:1900
Next Election:1908 United States presidential election in Louisiana
Next Year:1908
Election Date:November 8, 1904
Image1:AltonBParker.png
Nominee1:Alton B. Parker
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Home State1:New York
Running Mate1:Henry G. Davis
Electoral Vote1:9
Popular Vote1:47,708
Percentage1:88.50%
Nominee2:Theodore Roosevelt
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Home State2:New York
Running Mate2:Charles W. Fairbanks
Electoral Vote2:0
Popular Vote2:5,205
Percentage2:9.66%
Map Size:350px
President
Before Election:Theodore Roosevelt
Before Party:Republican Party (United States)
After Election:Theodore Roosevelt
After Party:Republican Party (United States)

The 1904 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 8, 1904. All contemporary 45 states were part of the 1904 United States presidential election. State voters chose nine electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

Following the overthrow of Reconstruction Republican government, Louisiana, like most of the former Confederacy, established a Democratic-dominated but highly fraudulent political system[1] that would from 1890 be challenged by the rise of the Populist Party due to declining conditions for farmers. Both the Populists and the earlier Greenback Party — who shared key leaders like James B. Weaver — would be supported by the state Republican Party,[2] and in the 1896 gubernatorial election a fusion candidate was undoubtedly denied by the continued fraud.[3] Consequently, the state’s plantation elite radically rewrote the state’s constitution in the next gubernatorial term with a poll tax, literacy test, grandfather clause, and a secret ballot. The consequence was a reduction in the number of registered black voters by 96 percent,[4] and virtual elimination of black voting in Acadiana until the 1950s.

Louisiana consequently became a one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party, as the now-moribund Republican party lacked any white base because Louisiana completely lacked upland or German refugee whites opposed to secession.[5] After 1900, not until 1964 would another Republican serve in the state legislature.[6]

Despite this absolute single-party dominance, non-partisan tendencies remained strong among wealthy sugar planters in Acadiana, within the business elite of New Orleans,[7] and even amongst the “lily-white” “National Republican” GOP faction who supported black disenfranchisement in an effort to become respectable amongst the white elite.[8] State politics became controlled by the Choctaw Club of Louisiana, generally called the “Old Regulars”. This political machine was based in New Orleans and united with Black Belt cotton planters.[9] Although white Republicans continued to work towards taking over Federal patronage from the “black and tans”, throughout most of the 1900s Louisiana politics was under firm Choctaw control as the Populist movement weakened with the disenfranchisement of many poor whites via the poll tax.[8]

Louisiana was won by the Democratic nominees, Chief Judge Alton B. Parker of New York and his running mate Henry G. Davis of West Virginia. They defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Theodore Roosevelt of New York and his running mate Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. Parker won the state by a landslide margin of 78.84%.

With 88.5 percent of the popular vote, Louisiana would be Parker's third strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after South Carolina and neighboring Mississippi.[10]

Results

1904 United States presidential election in Louisiana[11]
PartyCandidateVotesPercentageElectoral votes
DemocraticAlton B. Parker47,70888.50%9
RepublicanTheodore Roosevelt (incumbent)5,2059.66%0
Social DemocraticEugene V. Debs9951.85%0
Totals53,908100.00%9
Voter turnout—

Results by parish

1904 United States presidential election in Louisiana by parish[12] [13] ! rowspan="2"
Parish
Democratic
Republican
Margin
data-sort-type="number" width="8%"data-sort-type="number" width="8%"%data-sort-type="number" width="9%"data-sort-type="number" width="9%"%data-sort-type="number" width="8%"data-sort-type="number" width="8%"%data-sort-type="number" data-sort-type="number" %
Acadia62677.09%13316.38%536.53%49360.71%812
Ascension50474.12%17525.74%10.15%32948.38%680
Assumption59278.72%16021.28%00.00%43257.45%752
Avoyelles1,05495.30%373.35%151.36%1,01791.95%1,106
Bienville83393.81%444.95%111.24%78988.85%888
Bossier47597.94%102.06%00.00%46595.88%485
Caddo1,59296.95%472.86%30.18%1,54594.09%1,642
Calcasieu1,10269.48%40125.28%835.23%70144.20%1,586
Caldwell19891.67%167.41%20.93%18284.26%216
Cameron17890.82%157.65%31.53%16383.16%196
Catahoula51479.32%12419.14%101.54%39060.19%648
Claiborne70897.52%162.20%20.28%69295.32%726
Concordia20995.00%20.91%94.09%20090.91%220
90897.63%90.97%131.40%89596.24%930
99495.30%484.60%10.10%94690.70%1,043
21199.06%20.94%00.00%20998.12%213
38897.73%71.76%20.50%38195.97%397
Franklin34798.30%51.42%10.28%34296.88%353
Grant28074.47%7118.88%256.65%20955.59%376
Iberia73476.30%20521.31%232.39%52954.99%962
Iberville51587.73%7212.27%00.00%44375.47%587
Jackson57691.00%538.37%40.63%52382.62%633
Jefferson1,11097.11%252.19%80.70%1,08594.93%1,143
Lafayette49688.89%417.35%213.76%45581.54%558
Lafourche93184.56%16815.26%20.18%76369.30%1,101
Lincoln53294.66%264.63%40.71%50690.04%562
Livingston35888.18%4711.58%10.25%31176.60%406
Madison150100.00%00.00%00.00%150100.00%150
Morehouse52696.16%203.66%10.18%50692.50%547
Natchitoches63083.44%12516.56%00.00%50566.89%755
Orleans16,10389.65%1,3807.68%4802.67%14,72381.96%17,963
Ouachita66994.36%263.67%141.97%64390.69%709
Plaquemines62093.09%385.71%81.20%58287.39%666
50598.06%101.94%00.00%49596.12%515
Rapides82787.61%10711.33%101.06%72076.27%944
37194.64%123.06%92.30%35991.58%392
Richland29197.65%72.35%00.00%28495.30%298
Sabine50487.80%5810.10%122.09%44677.70%574
42492.58%347.42%00.00%39085.15%458
31396.31%123.69%00.00%30192.62%325
23488.30%3011.32%10.38%20476.98%265
32772.67%9922.00%245.33%22850.67%450
28391.88%247.79%10.32%25984.09%308
88792.88%606.28%80.84%82786.60%955
61396.38%233.62%00.00%59092.77%636
74979.18%19320.40%40.42%55658.77%946
45383.27%5910.85%325.88%39472.43%544
Tangipahoa62377.39%17021.12%121.49%45356.27%805
Tensas20397.13%62.87%00.00%19794.26%209
Terrebonne70282.49%14416.92%50.59%55865.57%851
Union49696.88%152.93%10.20%48193.95%512
Vermilion79286.65%11112.14%111.20%68174.51%914
Vernon46961.31%27535.95%212.75%19425.36%765
Washington36790.84%368.91%10.25%33181.93%404
Webster69897.08%212.92%00.00%67794.16%719
23397.90%52.10%00.00%22895.80%238
12489.86%53.62%96.52%11583.33%138
31996.08%133.92%00.00%30692.17%332
Winn27763.10%12829.16%347.74%14933.94%439
Totals47,74788.51%5,2059.65%9951.84%42,54278.86%53,947

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Hair, William Ivy. Bourbonism and agrarian protest; Louisiana politics, 1877-1900. 1969. 0807109088. 114–115.
  2. Book: Kousser, J. Morgan. The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910. 1975. Yale University Press. New Haven, Connecticut. 0-300-01973-4. 25. Second Printing.
  3. Kousser. The Shaping of Southern Politics, p. 41
  4. Book: Lewinson, Paul. Race, class and party; a history of Negro suffrage and white politics in the South. 1965. Grosset & Dunlap. New York City. 81.
  5. Book: [[Kevin Phillips (political commentator)|Phillips]], Kevin P.. The Emerging Republican Majority. 208, 210. 9780691163246.
  6. Kang. Michael S.. Hyperpartisan Gerrymandering. Boston College Law Review. May 29, 2019. 69. 1395.
  7. Schott. Matthew J.. Progressives against Democracy: Electoral Reform in Louisiana, 1894-1921. Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 20. 3. Summer 1979. 247–260.
  8. Book: Heersink. Boris. Jenkins. Jeffrey A.. Republican Party Politics and the American South, 1865-1968. 265–266. 1107158435.
  9. Book: Wall. Bennett H.. Rodriguez. John C.. Louisiana: A History. 274–275. 1118619293.
  10. Web site: 1904 Presidential Election Statistics. Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. 2018-03-05.
  11. Dave Leip's U.S. Election Atlas; Presidential General Election Results – Louisiana
  12. Web site: Géoelections. Popular Vote for President, 1904. (.xlsx file for €15)
  13. Web site: Géoelections. Popular Vote for Eugene V. Debs (1904). (.xlsx file for €15)

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