1903 in the United Kingdom explained

Events from the year 1903 in the United Kingdom.

Incumbents

• Monarch – Edward VII
• Prime Minister – Arthur Balfour (Coalition)

Events

• 1 January – Edward VII is proclaimed Emperor of India.
• 19 January – first transatlantic radio broadcast between United States and Britain.
• 27 January – fire at Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum kills 51.^[1]
• 12 February – Randall Davidson enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury, a position he will hold until he retires 25 years later.^[2]
• 13 February – Venezuelan crisis. After agreeing to arbitration in Washington, Britain, Germany and Italy reach a settlement with Venezuela, resulting in the Washington Protocols. The naval blockade that began in December 1902 will be lifted, and Venezuela commits 30% of its customs duties to settling claims.
• 26–27 February – "Ulysses" Storm: A severe windstorm tracks across Ireland, moving on to cross the north of England and Scotland.^[3]
• 3 March – the Admiralty announces plans to build Rosyth Dockyard as a naval base on the Firth of Forth at Rosyth.
• 24 March & 3 May – Derby earthquakes.^[4]
• 1 April – Midwives Act 1902 comes into effect, regulating the profession of midwifery in England and Wales.
• 14 April – Aberdeen Football Club is established.
• 18 April – Bury F.C. beat Derby County by an all-time record 6 goals to nil to win the 1903 FA Cup Final.
• 23 April – Budget removes Corn Duty.
• 29 May – Bradford City Football Club is established.
• c. June – Osea Island off Maldon, Essex, is bought by Frederick Nicholas Charrington to provide an alcohol addiction treatment centre.^[5]
• 19 June – Caernarfon earthquake.
• 7 July – British take over the Fulani empire.
• August – 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party moves from Brussels to London.
• 14 August – first Poor Prisoners' Defence Act provides for limited legal aid in criminal cases with effect from 1904.
• September – First Garden City Ltd formed to develop Letchworth.
• 9 September – Rock Sand completes the English Triple Crown by finishing first in the Epsom Derby, 2,000 Guineas and St Leger.
• 16 September – Joseph Chamberlain resigns as Colonial Secretary.
• 1 October – the University of Liverpool becomes independent of Victoria University.
• 10 October – foundation of the militant Women's Social and Political Union by Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst in Manchester.^[6]
• 31 October – opening of Hampden Park football ground in Glasgow in Scotland.^[6]
• October:
  • Opening of Willow Tearooms, Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh for Catherine Cranston.
  • The wettest month in the EWP series with 218.1mm, beating November 1852 with 202.5mm^[7]
• 2 November – Daily Mirror launched^[6] as a newspaper for women, run by women.
• ? December – the remains of "Cheddar Man" are found within Gough's Cave in Cheddar Gorge, Britain's oldest complete human skeleton, dating to approximately 7150 BCE.^[8]
• 10 December – William Randal Cremer is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.^[9]

Undated

• "Typhoo Tipps" tea first marketed.^[10]
• Montague Burton establishes a business retailing ready-made men's suits in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, origin of the Burton and Arcadia Group brands.^[11]
• Percy Furnivall carries out the first known case of cardiac surgery in Britain.

Publications

• Edward Harold Begbie's novel Lost in Blunderland (under the pseudonym Caroline Lewis).
• Samuel Butler's semi-autobiographical novel The Way of All Flesh (posthumous).
• George Gissing's semi-autobiographical novel The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft.
• John Morley's biography The Life of Gladstone, which sells more than 25,000 copies in its first year.^[12]

Births

• 7 January – Alan Napier, actor (died 1988)
• 18 January
  • Gladys Hooper, née Nash, pianist and supercentenarian (died 2016)
  • Kathleen Shaw, figure skater (died 1983)
• 22 February – Frank P. Ramsey, mathematician (died 1930)
• 4 March – Dorothy Mackaill, British-born American actress (died 1990)
• 10 March – Edward Bawden, artist and illustrator (died 1989)
• 24 March – Malcolm Muggeridge, journalist, author and media personality (died 1990)
• 31 March – H. J. Blackham, humanist and author (died 2009)
• 15 April – John Williams, actor (died 1983)
• 20 May – Barbara Hepworth, sculptor (died 1975)
• 29 May – Bob Hope, British-born comedian (died 2003)
• 12 June – H. C. Casserley, railway photographer (died 1991)
• 19 June – Wally Hammond, cricketer (died 1965)
• 25 June – George Orwell, author (died 1950)
• 29 June – Alan Blumlein, electronics engineer (died 1942)
• 1 July – Amy Johnson, aviator (died 1941)
• 2 July – Alec Douglas-Home, Prime Minister (died 1995)
• 3 July – David Webster, Scottish-born arts administrator (died 1971)
• 4 July – Vernon Sewell, film director and screenwriter (died 2001)
• 7 July – Steven Runciman, historian (died 2000)
• 10 July – John Wyndham, English author (died 1969)^[13]
• 12 July – Judith Hare, Countess of Listowel, Hungarian-born writer and journalist (died 2003)
• 11 July – Rudolf Abel (alias of Vilyam "Willie" Genrikhovich Fisher), English-born spy for the Soviet Union (died 1971)
• 13 July – Kenneth Clark, art historian (died 1983)
• 26 July – Amy Gentry, rower (died 1976)
• 28 July – Ernst Wilhelm Bohle, English-born Nazi German statesman (died 1960)
• 7 August – Louis Leakey, paleoanthropologist, born in British East Africa (died 1972)
• 24 August – Graham Sutherland, artist (died 1980)
• 2 September – Fred Pratt Green, Methodist minister and hymn writer (died 2000)
• 7 September – Jock Wilson, soldier (died 2008)
• 9 September – Edward Upward, author (died 2009)
• 28 October – Evelyn Waugh, writer (died 1966)
• 29 October – Vivian Ellis, composer and lyricist (died 1996)
• 31 October – Joan Robinson, economist (died 1983)
• 1 November – Max Adrian, Irish-born actor (died 1973)
• 5 November – Joan Barry, actress (died 1989)
• 11 November – Thomas Allibone, physicist (died 2003)
• 4 December – A. L. Rowse, historian (died 1997)
• 5 December – Cecil Frank Powell, physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1969)
• 10 December – Mary Norton, children's author (died 1992)
• unknown date – John Illingworth, yachtsman, yacht designer and naval officer (died 1980)

Deaths

• 17 January – Quintin Hogg, philanthropist (born 1845)
• 1 February – Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet, mathematician and physicist (born 1819)
• 7 February – James Glaisher, meteorologist and aeronaut (born 1809)
• 4 March – Joseph Henry Shorthouse, novelist (born 1834)
• 13 March – George Granville Bradley, vicar and scholar (born 1821)
• 10 April – Enderby Jackson, pioneer of the British brass band (born 1827)
• 19 June – Herbert Vaughan, Catholic cardinal and archbishop (born 1832)
• 11 July – W. E. Henley, poet, critic, and editor (born 1849)
• 5 August – Phil May, artist (born 1864)
• 22 August – Robert Cecil, Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1830)
• 18 September – Alexander Bain, philosopher (born 1818)
• 8 December – Herbert Spencer, philosopher (born 1820)
• 28 December – George Gissing, novelist (born 1857)

See also

• List of British films before 1920

Notes and References

1. Web site: London Fire Journal. 2010. 30 June 2010.
2. Web site: Stuart. Mews. Davidson, Randall Thomas, Baron Davidson of Lambeth (1848–1930). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 2004. 25 January 2011.
3. Web site: Exceptional weather events. Met Éireann. 2023-04-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20120522194356/http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/weather-events/Feb1903_storm.pdf. 2012-05-22. dead.
4. 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1904.060.01-04.18. Davison. C.. 1904. The Derby earthquakes of March 24th–May 3rd 1903. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. 60. 1–4 . 215–232. 130328415 .
5. News: Osea Island: Mr. F. N. Charrington's Teetotal Paradise. The Eastern Post. London. 6 June 1903. 6.
6. Book: Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 0-14-102715-0. 2006.
7. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadukp/data/ranked_monthly/HadEWP_ranked_mly.txt Hadley Center Ranked EWP
8. Web site: Gough's Cave excavation. Natural History Museum, London. 22 August 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20090727103622/http://piclib.nhm.ac.uk/piclib/www/image.php?search=cave&getnext=89335. 27 July 2009. dead. dmy-all.
9. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1903/index.html The Nobel Peace Prize 1903.
10. Book: Baren, Maurice. How Household Names Began. London. Michael O'Mara Books. 1997. 1-85479-257-1. 127–9.
11. Book: Silver, Bernard. 2000. Three Jewish Giants of Leeds. Jewish Historical Society of England. Leeds.
12. Book: Parsons, Nicholas. The Book of Literary Lists. London. Sidgwick & Jackson. 1985. 0-283-99171-2.
13. Book: Seed . David . A Companion to Science Fiction . 9 June 2008 . John Wiley & Sons . 978-0-470-79701-3 . 387 . en.