| Election Name: | 1902–03 United States Senate elections |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Country: | United States |
| Flag Year: | 1896 |
| Previous Election: | 1900–01 United States Senate elections |
| Next Election: | 1904–05 United States Senate elections |
| Seats For Election: | 30 of the 90 seats in the U.S. Senate |
| Majority Seats: | 46 |
| Election Date: | January 15, 1902 – April 22, 1903 |
| 1Blank: | Seats up |
| 2Blank: | Races won |
| Party1: | Republican Party (US) |
| Image1: | William B. Allison - Brady-Handy.jpg |
| Leader1: | William B. Allison |
| Leader Since1: | March 4, 1897 |
| Leaders Seat1: | Iowa |
| Seats Before1: | 55 |
| 1Data1: | 18 |
| 2Data1: | 18 |
| Seats After1: | 57 |
| Seat Change1: | 2 |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Leader2: | James K. Jones (retired) |
| Leader Since2: | March 4, 1899 |
| Leaders Seat2: | Arkansas |
| Seats Before2: | 29 |
| 1Data2: | 8 |
| 2Data2: | 11 |
| Seats After2: | 33 |
| Seat Change2: | 4 |
| Party4: | Silver Republican Party |
| Seats Before4: | 2 |
| 1Data4: | 2 |
| 2Data4: | 0 |
| Seats After4: | 0 |
| Seat Change4: | 2 |
| Party5: | Populist Party (US) |
| Seats Before5: | 2 |
| 1Data5: | 2 |
| 2Data5: | 0 |
| Seats After5: | 0 |
| Seat Change5: | 2 |
| Majority conference chairman | |
| Before Election: | William B. Allison |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| After Election: | William B. Allison |
| After Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| Map Size: | 320px |
The 1902–03 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1902 and 1903, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
The Democratic Party gained four seats, but the Republicans kept their strong majority. This election marked the end of the two third parties, the Populists and Silver Republicans. Republicans took both Populist seats (Idaho and Kansas) along with one Silver Republican seat in Washington. Democrats took the other Silver Republican seat in Colorado as incumbent Senator Henry Teller was re-elected as a Democrat and flipped four Republican seats in Maryland, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Nevada. Republicans flipped only one Democratic seat (Utah), but also gained both vacant Delaware seats, which had been empty due to legislative deadlock in 1898 and 1900, respectively.
Besides the double-barrel special elections in Delaware, a special election was held in Michigan.
In Florida, the legislature failed to elect until shortly after the beginning of the 58th Congress on March 4.
Senate party division, 58th Congress (1903–1905)
After the January 29, 1902, special election in New Jersey.
| D | D | D | D | D | |||||||||||||||
| width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D |
| D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | ||||||||||
| SR | SR | P | P | V | V | D | D | D | D | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| Majority → | |||||||||||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | |||||||||||||||
| D | D | D | D | D | |||||||||||||||
| width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D |
| D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | ||||||||||
| R | R | V | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| Majority → | |||||||||||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | |||||||||||||||
| D | D | D | D | D | |||||||||||||||
| width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D | width=50px | D |
| D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | ||||||||||
| R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| Majority → | |||||||||||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | |||||||||||||||
| Key: |
|
|---|
In these elections, the winners were elected and seated during 1902 or in 1903 before March 4.
Elections ordered by date, then state.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | ||||||
| Iowa (Class 2) | Jonathan P. Dolliver | Republican | 1900 1901 | Interim appointee elected January 22, 1902. | nowrap | |||
| New Jersey (Class 2) | William Sewell | Republican | 1895 1901 | Incumbent died December 27, 1901. New senator elected January 28, 1902. Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Michigan (Class 2) | Russell A. Alger | Republican | 1902 | Interim appointee elected January 20, 1903. | nowrap | |||
| South Dakota (Class 3) | Alfred B. Kittredge | Republican | 1901 | Interim appointee elected January 21, 1903.[2] Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. | nowrap | |||
| Delaware (Class 1) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected March 2, 1903. Republican gain. | nowrap | |||||
| Delaware (Class 2) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected March 2, 1903. Republican gain. | nowrap | |||||
In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1903; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | ||||||
| Alabama | Edmund Pettus | Democratic | 1897 | Incumbent re-elected January 26, 1903.[3] | nowrap | |||
| Arkansas | James K. Jones | Democratic | 1885 1891 1897 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator re-elected January 20, 1903. Democratic hold. | nowrap | |||
| California | George Perkins | Republican | 1895 1897 | Incumbent re-elected January 13, 1903.[4] | nowrap | |||
| Colorado | Henry M. Teller | Silver Republican | 1885 1891 1897 | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1903, as a Democrat.[5] Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| Connecticut | Orville H. Platt | Republican | 1879 1885 1891 1897 | Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1903.[6] | nowrap | |||
| Florida | Stephen R. Mallory II | Democratic | 1897 | Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent was later appointed to begin the term. Incumbent was subsequently re-elected, see below. | None. | |||
| Georgia | Alexander S. Clay | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1902.[7] | nowrap | |||
| Idaho | Henry Heitfeld | Populist | 1897 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 13, 1903.[8] Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
| Illinois | William E. Mason | Republican | 1897 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 20, 1903. Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Indiana | Charles W. Fairbanks | Republican | 1897 | Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1903. | nowrap | |||
| Iowa | William B. Allison | Republican | 1872 1878 1884 1890 1896 | Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1902. | nowrap | |||
| Kansas | William A. Harris | Populist | 1897 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 28, 1903.[9] Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
| Kentucky | William J. Deboe | Republican | 1897 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 15, 1902.[10] Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| Louisiana | Samuel D. McEnery | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected early May 22, 1900.[11] | nowrap | |||
| Maryland | George L. Wellington | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 15, 1902.[12] Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| Missouri | George G. Vest | Democratic | 1879 1885 1891 1897 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 20, 1903.[13] Democratic hold. | nowrap | |||
| Nevada | John P. Jones | Republican | 1873 1879 1885 1891 1897 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 27, 1903.[14] Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| New Hampshire | Jacob Gallinger | Republican | 1891 1897 | Incumbent re-elected in 1903. | nowrap | |||
| New York | Thomas C. Platt | Republican | 1881 1881 1897 | Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1903. | nowrap | |||
| North Carolina | Jeter Pritchard | Republican | 1894 1897 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1903. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| North Dakota | Henry C. Hansbrough | Republican | 1891 1897 | Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1903. | nowrap | |||
| Ohio | Joseph B. Foraker | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1902.[15] | nowrap | |||
| Oregon | Joseph Simon | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected February 21, 1903.[16] Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Pennsylvania | Boies Penrose | Republican | 1897 | Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1903. | nowrap | |||
| South Carolina | John L. McLaurin | Democratic | 1897 1898 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 27, 1903.[17] Democratic hold. | nowrap | |||
| South Dakota | Alfred B. Kittredge | Republican | 1901 1903 | Interim appointee elected January 21, 1903.[18] New senator was also elected to finish the current term, see above. | nowrap | |||
| Utah | Joseph Rawlins | Democratic | 1897 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 20, 1903.[19] Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
| Vermont | William P. Dillingham | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected October 14, 1902.[20] | nowrap | |||
| Washington | George Turner | Silver Republican | 1897 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Democrat. New senator elected January 29, 1903.[21] Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
| Wisconsin | John C. Spooner | Republican | 1885 1891 1897 | Incumbent re-elected January 27, 1903.[22] | nowrap | |||
In this election, the winner was elected in 1903 after March 4.
See also: List of United States senators from Alabama.
See also: List of United States senators from Arkansas.
See also: List of United States senators from California.
See also: List of United States senators from Colorado.
See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut.
See also: List of United States senators from Delaware.
In the 1898–99 elections, the Delaware legislature had failed to elect a successor to Democratic senator George Gray.
Four years later, Republican congressman L. Heisler Ball was elected in 1903 to finish the term.
He would lose re-election at the 1905 end of the term due to yet another deadlock in the state legislature.
After the advent of popular elections, Ball would return in 1919 for a single full term.
In the 1900/1901 elections, the Delaware legislature had failed to elect a successor to Democratic senator Richard R. Kenney.
Two years later, Republican state senator J. Frank Allee was elected in 1903 to finish the term.
Allee would retire at the end of the term in 1907.
See also: List of United States senators from Florida.
The Florida legislature failed to elect a senator by the March 4, 1903, beginning of the term. One-term incumbent Democrat Stephen Mallory II was therefore appointed to begin the term, pending the late election.
Democratic incumbent Stephen Mallory II was elected late April 22, 1903, to finish the term.
See also: List of United States senators from Georgia.
See also: List of United States senators from Idaho.
See also: List of United States senators from Illinois.
See also: List of United States senators from Indiana.
See also: List of United States senators from Iowa. There were two elections due to the death of John H. Gear in 1900.
Five-term William B. Allison was re-elected to a sixth term January 22, 1902. He was Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference, effectively the leader of the Senate.
First-term Republican John H. Gear had died July 14, 1900, and Republican Jonathan P. Dolliver had been appointed August 22, 1900, to finish the term ending in 1901 and to the term beginning thereafter, pending a special election.
Dolliver was elected January 22, 1902, to finish the term that would end in 1907.
See also: List of United States senators from Kansas.
See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky.
See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana.
| Election Name: | 1902 United States Senate election in Maryland |
| Popular Vote1: | - |
| Colour1: | B0CEFF |
| Percentage1: | -% |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Candidate1: | Arthur Pue Gorman |
| Image1: | Arthur Pue Gorman.jpg |
| Next Year: | 1908 |
| Next Election: | 1908 United States Senate special elections in Maryland |
| Previous Year: | 1896 |
| Previous Election: | 1896 United States Senate election in Maryland |
| Votes For Election: | 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly |
| Vote Type: | Legislative |
| Election Date: | November 4, 1902 |
| Type: | presidential |
Arthur Pue Gorman was elected by an unknown margin, for the Class 3 seat.[23]
See also: List of United States senators from Michigan.
See also: List of United States senators from Missouri.
See also: List of United States senators from Nevada.
See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire.
See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey.
See main article: 1903 United States Senate election in New York. The election in New York was held on January 20, 1903, by the New York State Legislature.
Republican Thomas C. Platt had previously been re-elected to this seat in 1897, and his term would expire on March 3, 1903.
At the State election in November 1902, 28 Republicans and 22 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1903–1904) in the State Senate; and 89 Republicans and 61 Democrats were elected for the session of 1903 to the Assembly. State Senator Patrick F. Trainor who had been re-elected, died on December 25, 1902, and his successor Peter J. Dooling was elected only after the senatorial election, on January 27.[24] The 126th New York State Legislature met from January 6 to April 23, 1903, at Albany, New York.
The Republican caucus met on January 19. 25 State senators and 84 assemblymen attended, and State Senator William W. Armstrong presided. The caucus re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Thomas C. Platt almost unanimously. A single vote was cast for U.S. Secretary of War Elihu Root by Assemblyman William A. Denison, of Jefferson County. Besides Denison voting against Platt, a small number of anti-Platt men did not attend the caucus. Boss Platt had forced the nomination of Attorney General John C. Davies to the New York Supreme Court in the 5th District, against the local Republican organization's wishes who accused Davies of incompetence. Davies was defeated in a landslide by Democrat Watson M. Rogers although the 5th District was heavily Republican. Thus boss Platt's power began to wane.
| √ Thomas C. Platt | 108 | |
| Elihu Root | 1 |
The Democratic caucus met also on January 19. All 62 State legislators attended, and Assemblyman Charles W. Hinson, of Erie County, presided. They nominated John B. Stanchfield unanimously. Stanchfield had been Mayor of Elmira, and was defeated when running for Governor of New York in 1900 by Republican Benjamin B. Odell Jr.
Thomas C. Platt was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected. Three Republican anti-Platt men, State senators Edgar T. Brackett (28th D.), Elon R. Brown and Nathaniel A. Elsberg (15th D.), voted for Elihu Root.
| Democratic | Republican | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Senate (50 members) | √ Thomas C. Platt | 25 | John B. Stanchfield | 21 | Elihu Root | 3 | |
| State Assembly (150 members) | √ Thomas C. Platt | 86 | John B. Stanchfield | 57 | |||
Note: The votes were cast on January 20, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 21 to compare nominations, and declare the result.
See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina.
See also: List of United States senators from North Dakota.
See also: List of United States senators from Ohio.
See also: List of United States senators from Oregon.
See main article: 1903 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania. The election in Pennsylvania was held on January 20, 1903. Boies Penrose was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly[25]
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 20, 1903. Incumbent Republican Boies Penrose, who was elected in 1897, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE" | colspan=3 align="right" | Totals | align="right" | 254 | align="right" | 100.00%|}
See main article: 1903 United States Senate election in South Carolina.
See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina.
See also: List of United States senators from South Dakota. Two-term Republican James H. Kyle died July 1, 1901, and Republican Alfred Kittredge was appointed July 11, 1901, to continue the term, pending a special election.
Republican Alfred Kittredge was elected January 20, 1903, to finish the term.
Republican Alfred Kittredge was elected January 21, 1903, to the next the term.
See also: List of United States senators from Utah.
See also: List of United States senators from Vermont.
See also: List of United States senators from Washington.
See also: List of United States senators from Wisconsin.