1902 in Germany explained

Events in the year 1902 in Germany.

Incumbents

National level

• Kaiser – Wilhelm II^[1]
• Chancellor – Bernhard von Bülow^[2]

State level

Kingdoms

• King of Bavaria – Otto
• King of Prussia – Wilhelm II
• King of Saxony – Albert to 19 June, then George
• King of Württemberg – William II

Grand duchies

• Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick I
• Grand Duke of Hesse – Ernest Louis
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis IV
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Frederick William
• Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Frederick Augustus II
• Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – William Ernest

Principalities

• Schaumburg-Lippe – George, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
• Principality of Lippe – Alexander, Prince of Lippe (with Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld as regent)
• Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz to 19 April, then Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line as regent)
• Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
• Waldeck and Pyrmont – Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Duchies

• Duke of Anhalt – Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
• Duke of Brunswick – Prince Albert of Prussia (regent)
• Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
• Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

Colonial governors

• Cameroon (Kamerun) – Jesko von Puttkamer (7th term) to 3 February, then … Plehn (acting governor) to 2 October, then again Jesko von Puttkamer (8th term)
• Kiaochow (Kiautschou) – Oskar von Truppel
• German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Gustav Adolf von Götzen
• German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Albert Hahl (acting governor to 10 November) (2nd term)
• German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) – Wilhelm Solf
• German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Theodor Leutwein
• Togoland – August Köhler to 20 January, then vacant to 1 December, then Waldemar Horn

Events

• December–February 1903 – Venezuelan crisis, in which Britain, Germany and Italy sustain a naval blockade on Venezuela to enforce collection of outstanding financial claims. This prompts the development of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

Births

• 6 January  - Helmut Poppendick, German physician (died 1994)^[3]
• 17 January  - Martin Harlinghausen, German air force general (died 1986)^[4]
• 30 January – Nikolaus Pevsner, German-born British architectural historian (died 1983)
• 1 February – Therese Brandl, German concentration camp guard and war criminal (d. 1948)
• 5 February – Paul Nevermann, German politician (died 1979)
• 7 March – Heinz Rühmann, German actor (died 1994)^[5]
• 18 March – Siegfried Westphal, German general (died 1982)
• 21 March – Gustav Fröhlich, German actor (died 1987)
• 2 April – Jan Tschichold, German-born typographer (died 1974)^[6]
• 2 August – Moshe Rudolf Bloch German-born Israeli scientist (died 1985)
• 13 August – Felix Wankel, German engineer (died 1988)^[7]
• 10 July – Kurt Alder, German chemist (died 1958)
• 12 August – Franz Etzel, German politician (died 1970)
• 22 August – Leni Riefenstahl, German film director, producer, screenwriter, editor, photographer, actress and dancer. (died 2003)
• 5 September – Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg, German government official and a member of the German Resistance in the 20 July Plot (died 1944)
• 21 October – Kurt Scharf, German clergyman and bishop of the Evangelical Church in Berlin-Brandenburg (died 1990)
• 1 November – Eugen Jochum, German conductor (died 1987)^[8]
• 4 November – Otto Bayer, German chemist (died 1982)^[9]
• 22 November – Moshe Unna, German-born Israeli politician (died 1989)
• 21 December – Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld, German landowner, officer, and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime (died 1944)

Deaths

• 7 January – Wilhelm Hertz, writer (born 1835)
• March 11 – Friedrich Engelhorn, German industrialist and founder of BASF (born 1821)
• April 5 - Hans Ernst August Buchner, German bacteriologist (born 1850)
  • • April 19 Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss (Reuss Elder Line) of Greiz (born 1846)
  • Hans von Pechmann, German chemist (born 1850)
• 19 June – Albert, King of Saxony, (born 1828)
• 5 September – Rudolf Virchow, German doctor, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician (born 1821)
• 26 September – Levi Strauss, German-born American businessman, founder of the first company to manufacture blue jeans. (born 1829)
• 7 September – Franz Wüllner, German composer and conductor (born 1832)
• 25 November – Ernst Schröder, mathematician mainly known for being a major figure in mathematical logic (born 1841)

Notes and References

1. Web site: William II emperor of Germany Britannica . 2023-02-09 . www.britannica.com . en.
2. News: GERMANY'S CHANCELLOR. . . 197 . Victoria, Australia . 18 March 1902 . 26 March 2023 . 4 (MORNING.) . National Library of Australia.
3. Nuremberg Trials Project: A Digital Document Collection, "Helmut Poppendick Affidavit, 14 January 1947", Harvard Law School Library Item No. 849.
4. Book: National Archives . The National Archives (United Kingdom) . The Rise and Fall of the German Air Force: 1933-1945 . London . . 2001 . 978-1-903365-30-4 . 117.
5. Book: Harris M. Lentz. Obituaries in the Performing Arts. McFarland & Company. 1994. 149.
6. Book: Tschichold, Jan . Jan Tschichold, typographer and type designer, 1902-1974 . National Library of Scotland . Edinburgh . 1982 . 9780902220539 . 8–9.
7. Book: Laporte, Leo . Leo Laporte's 2005 technology almanac . Que . Indianapolis, Ind . 2005 . 9780789733191 . 263.
8. Book: Sandford, John . Encyclopedia of contemporary German culture . Routledge . London New York . 1999 . 9781136816031 . 323.
9. Book: Who's who in Technology. Who's Who Book & Pub. für Internationale Biographische Enzyklopädien. 1984. 154.