| Country: | Victoria |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1900 Victorian colonial election |
| Previous Year: | 1900 |
| Next Election: | 1902 Victorian state election |
| Next Year: | 1902 |
| Election Date: | 8 October 1909 |
| Seats For Election: | Electoral district of Melbourne in the Victorian Legislative Assembly |
| Colour1: | 8DB4D2 |
| Popular Vote1: | 1,974 |
| Percentage1: | 80.3% |
| Swing1: | 53.3 |
| Party2: | Labour |
| Colour2: | EF0011 |
| Popular Vote2: | 483 |
| Percentage2: | 19.7 |
| Swing2: | 12.4 |
| MP | |
| Before Election: | Edward Findley |
| Before Party: | Labour |
| After Election: | James Boyd |
The 1901 Melbourne state by-election was held on 16 July 1901 to elect the next member for Melbourne in the Victorian Legislative Assembly, following the expulsion of incumbent MP Edward Findley.
Findley, a Labour member, had been expelled from parliament for seditious libel a month prior on 25 June because, as editor of the Toscin, he was held responsible for republishing an article from the Dublin Irish People which was critical of King Edward VII. He chose to contest the Melbourne East by-election, held on the same day as the Melbourne by-election, but was unsuccessful.
The by-election was won by candidate James Boyd, who had a swing towards him of more than 50% compared to his previous result in 1900.