18th Wisconsin Legislature explained

18th Wisconsin Legislature
Body:	Wisconsin Legislature
Before:	17th
After:	19th
Chamber1:	Senate
Membership1:	33
Control1:	National Union
Chamber1 Leader2:	Willard H. Chandler (U)
Chamber2:	Assembly
Membership2:	100
Control2:	National Union
Chamber2 Leader1:	William W. Field (U)

The Eighteenth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 11, 1865, to April 10, 1865, in regular session.

Senators representing even-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term. Assembly members were elected to a one-year term. Assembly members and even-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 8, 1864. Senators representing odd-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 3, 1863.^[1]

Major events

January 31, 1865: The United States House of Representatives passed the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, banning slavery in the United States.
March 4, 1865: Second inauguration of President Abraham Lincoln.
April 3, 1865: Union Army forces occupied the Confederate capital city Richmond, Virginia, after a months-long siege.
April 9, 1865: Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
- April 14, 1865: President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in Washington, D.C. April 15, 1865: Vice President Andrew Johnson was sworn in as the 17th President of the United States.
May 10, 1865: Confederate States President Jefferson Davis was captured by the 4th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Irwin County, Georgia, effectively ending the American Civil War.
November 7, 1865: Lucius Fairchild elected Governor of Wisconsin.
December 6, 1865: Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified by the required three-fourths of U.S. states.

Major legislation

February 7, 1865: Act to incorporate the Wisconsin soldiers' home, 1865 Act 16
February 24, 1865: Joint Resolution ratifying proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States, 1865 Joint Resolution 5^[2]

Party summary

Senate summary

	Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)

	Democratic	Union	Republican	Vacant
End of previous Legislature	11		22	0	33	0

1st Session	8		25	0	33	0

Final voting share

Beginning of the next Legislature	10		23	0	33	0

Assembly summary

	Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)			Total

	Democratic	Union	Republican		Vacant
End of previous Legislature	29		71		0	100	0

Start of 1st Session	34	rowspan="2"	66	rowspan="3"	0	100	0
From January 19	33	99	1
From February 20	33		67	100	0

Final voting share

Beginning of the next Legislature	34		66		0	100	0

Sessions

1st Regular session: January 11, 1865April 10, 1865

Leaders

Senate leadership

President of the Senate: Wyman Spooner
President pro tempore: Willard H. Chandler

Assembly leadership

Speaker of the Assembly: William W. Field

Members

Members of the Senate

Members of the Wisconsin Senate for the Eighteenth Wisconsin Legislature:^[3]

District	Counties	Residence
	Sheboygan	Sheboygan	Union
02	Brown, Kewaunee	Green Bay	Dem.
03	Ozaukee	Ozaukee	Dem.
04	Washington	West Bend	Dem.
05	Milwaukee (Northern Part)	Milwaukee	Dem.
06	Milwaukee (Southern Part)	Milwaukee	Dem.
07	Racine	Racine	Union
08	Kenosha	Kenosha	Union
09	Adams, Juneau, Waushara	Wautoma	Union
10	Waukesha	Waukesha	Union
11	Dane (Eastern Part)	Windsor	Union
12	Walworth	Whitewater	Union
13	Lafayette	Gratiot	Union
14	Sauk	Prairie du Sac	Union
15	Iowa	Avoca	Union
16	Grant	Glen Haven	Union
17	Rock	Janesville	Union
18	Dodge (Western Part)	Fox Lake	Union
19	Manitowoc, Calumet	Manitowoc	Dem.
20	Fond du Lac	Nanaupa	Union
21	Winnebago	Waukau	Union
22	Door, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawanaw	Sturgeon Bay	Union
23	Jefferson	Waterloo	Dem.
24	Green	Monroe	Union
25	Columbia	Monroe	Union
26	Dane (Western Part)	Madison	Union
27	Marathon, Portage, Waupaca, Wood	Waupaca	Union
28	Ashland, Burnett, Dallas, Douglas, La Pointe, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix	Prescott	Union
29	Marquette, Green Lake	Princeton	Union
30	Bad Ax, Crawford, Richland	Richland City	Union
31	La Crosse, Monroe	Sparta	Union
32	Buffalo, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Trempealeau	Black River Falls	Union
33	Dodge (Eastern Part)	Horicon	Dem.

Members of the Assembly

Members of the Assembly for the Eighteenth Wisconsin Legislature:^[3]

Senate District	County	District	Representative	Party	Residence
09	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Adams			Union	Roche a Cri
28	text-align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="2"	Ashland, Burnett, Dallas, Douglas, La Pointe, Polk			Dem.	Osceola
28			Union	Bayfield
02	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Brown			Dem.	Green Bay
32	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Buffalo, Pepin, Trempealeau			Union	Maxville
19	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Calumet			Dem.	Stockbridge
32	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Chippewa, Dunn, Eau Claire			Union	Menomonie
32	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Clark, Jackson			Union	Neillsville
25	text-align="left" rowspan="3"	Columbia	1			Union	Portage
	2			Union	Rocky Run
	3			Union	Cambria
30	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Crawford			Union	Prairie du Chien
11	text-align="left" rowspan="5"	Dane	1			Union	Stoughton
11	2			Union	Lodi
26	3			Dem.	Leicester
	4			Union	Oregon
	5			Union	Madison
18	text-align="left" rowspan="6"		1			Union	Danville
			1	Union	Fox Lake
	2			Dem.	Beaver Dam
	3			Dem.	Juneau
33	4			Dem.	Rubicon
33	5			Dem.	Hustisford
22	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Door, Oconto, Shawano			Union	Sturgeon Bay
20	text-align="left" rowspan="5"		1			Union	Ripon
	2			Union	Waupun
	3			Union	Fond du Lac
	4			Dem.	Calumet
	5			Dem.	Oakfield
16	text-align="left" rowspan="5"		1			Union	Smelser's Grove
	2			Union	Dickeyville
	3			Union	Platteville
	4			Union	Boscobel
	5			Union	Wyalusing
24	text-align="left" rowspan="2"	Green	1			Union	Brooklyn
24	2			Union	Brodhead
29	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Green Lake			Union	Marquette
15	text-align="left" rowspan="2"	Iowa	1			Dem.	Highland
15	2			Union	Mineral Point
23	text-align="left" rowspan="4"	Jefferson	1			Dem.	Ixonia
	2			Union	Aztalan
	3			Union	Whitewater
	4			Union	Golden Lake
09	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Juneau			Union	Necedah
08	text-align="left" colspan="2"				Union	Kenosha
02	text-align="left" colspan="2"				Dem.	Kewaunee
31	text-align="left" colspan="2"	La Crosse			Union	West Salem
13	text-align="left" rowspan="2"		1			Dem.	New Diggings
13	2			Union	Darlington
19	text-align="left" rowspan="3"	Manitowoc	1			Dem.	Meeme
	2			Dem.	Maple Grove
	3			Dem.	Two Rivers
27	text-align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="2"	Marathon & Wood			Dem.	Grand Rapids
27			Dem.	Montello
29	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Marquette			Dem.	Milwaukee
05	text-align="left" rowspan="9"	Milwaukee	1			Dem.	Milwaukee
05	2			Dem.	Milwaukee
06	3			Dem.	Milwaukee
	4			Union	Milwaukee
	5			Dem.	Milwaukee
05	6			Dem.	Milwaukee
05	7			Dem.	Milwaukee
06	8			Dem.	Root Creek
06	9			Dem.	Lamberton
31	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Monroe			Union	Tunnel City
22	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Outagamie			Dem.	Appleton
03	text-align="left" colspan="2"				Dem.	Cedarburg
28	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Pierce & St. Croix			Union	Hudson
27	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Portage			Union	Stevens Point
07	text-align="left" rowspan="3"		1			Union	Racine
	2			Union	Union Grove
	3			Union	Waterford
30	text-align="left" colspan="2"	Richland			Union	Lone Rock
17	text-align="left" rowspan="6"		1			Union	Evansville
	2			Union	West Milton
	3			Union	Clinton
	4			Union	Beloit
	5			Union	Janesville
	6			Union	Orfordville
14	text-align="left" rowspan="2"	Sauk	1			Union	Logansville
14	2			Union	Baraboo
01	text-align="left" rowspan="4"		1			Dem.	Sheboygan
	2			Union	Sheboygan Falls
	3			Union	Hingham
	4			Union	Glenbeulah
30	text-align="left" rowspan="2"	Vernon	1			Union	Springville
30	2			Union	Springville
12	text-align="left" rowspan="4"		1			Union	Allen's Grove
	2			Union	Millard
	3			Union	Tirade
	4			Union	Elkhorn
04	text-align="left" rowspan="3"		1			Dem.	Hartford
	2			Dem.	Barton
	3			Dem.	Newburg
10	text-align="left" rowspan="4"		1			Dem.	Pewaukee
	2			Union	Merton
	3			Union	Genesee
	4			Union	Prospect Hill
27	text-align="left" colspan="2"				Union	Weyauwega
09	text-align="left" colspan="2"				Union	Dacotah
21	text-align="left" rowspan="3"		1			Union	Oshkosh
	2			Union	Neenah
	3			Union	Nekimi

Employees

Senate employees

Chief Clerk: Frank M. Stewart^[3]
- Assistant Clerk: L. B. Hills
  - Bookkeeper: S. Hauxhurst
- Engrossing Clerk: O. F. Clapp
- Enrolling Clerk: Thomas Marshall
- Transcribing Clerk: H. Harvey
Sergeant-at-Arms: Nelson Williams
- 1st Assistant Sergeant-at-Arms: James L. Wilder
- 2nd Assistant Sergeant-at-Arms: D. W. C. Wilson
- Sergeant-at-Arms' Porter: Thomas Goss
Postmaster: Frank Leland
- Assistant Postmaster: W. S. Williams
Doorkeeper: J. P. Miller
- Assistant Doorkeeper: George D. Potter
- Assistant Doorkeeper: S. J. Abbott
- Assistant Doorkeeper: Eames Wadsworth
- Assistant Doorkeeper: Norman McBeath
- Assistant Doorkeeper: August Wandrey
Firemen:
- James Yates
- Roswell Stow
- Fireman and Porter: William Holden
Messengers:
- Jonathan C. Hutchins
- Rufus H. Roys
- C. C. Frey
- Thomas Goss
- Seymour Stoughton

Assembly employees

Chief Clerk: John S. Dean^[3]
- Assistant Clerk: Ephraim W. Young
  - Bookkeeper: William M. Newcomb
- Engrossing Clerk: L. R. Davis
- Enrolling Clerk: J. H. Balch
- Transcribing Clerk: R. H. Blodgett
Sergeant-at-Arms: Alonzo Wilcox
- 1st Assistant Sergeant-at-Arms: Lewis M. Hammond
- 2nd Assistant Sergeant-at-Arms: E. H. Bartholt
Postmaster: Hiram Morley
- 1st Assistant Postmaster: Hiram Beckwith
- 2nd Assistant Postmaster: R. Law
Doorkeepers:
- S. Raymond
- M. Colby
- H. H. Helms
- George D. Phinney
Firemen:
- E. E. Brown
- John Grant
- F. K. Melvin
- Nelson Bowerman
- William Fitzpatrick
- G. A. Foss
Speaker's Messenger: William P. Beach
Chief Clerk's Messenger: James E. Dean
Sergeant-at-Arms' Messenger: Louis Sholes
Gallery Attendant: S. Nye Jr.
Messengers:
- George F. Williston
- Frederic A. Frank
- Howard W. Tilton
- Linus S. Webb
- Alfred F. Bishop
- Frank Mason
- Harvey Olin
- Nicholas F. Weber
- John S. Young
- Richard C. Notbohm

Notes and References

The Blue Book of the state of Wisconsin . State of Wisconsin . 1882 . Heg . J. E. . https://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/WIBlueBks/BlueBks/WIBlueBk1882/reference/wi.wibluebk1882.i0011.pdf . Annals of the Legislature . 210–212 . June 9, 2021 .
https://www.usconstitution.net/constamrat.html#Am13 "Ratification of Constitutional Amendments" The U.S. Constitution Online USConstitution.net
The legislative manual of the state of Wisconsin . https://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/WIBlueBks/BlueBks/WIBlueBk1865/reference/wi.wibluebk1865.i0012.pdf . Legislative Department . 76–77, 88–91 . Stewart . Frank M.. Dean . John S. . State of Wisconsin . 1865 . June 9, 2021.