The 18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), formally the Political Bureau of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was elected at the 1st Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CCP on 15 November 2012 in the aftermath of the 18th National Congress. This electoral term was preceded by the 17th Politburo and succeeded by the 19th. Of the 25 members, seven served in the 18th Politburo Standing Committee.
At the beginning of its term, the 25 Politburo members held the following portfolios: seven members of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee, six regional party leaders, two military figures, five leaders of central party organs and commissions, three Vice Premiers, the Vice President, and the head of the national trade union federation. The internal composition was similar to the previous Politburo, with only a few portfolio changes. The number of Standing Committee members decreased from nine to seven. The party leaders of the direct-controlled municipalities of Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing, the province of Guangdong, and the far western region of Xinjiang were represented on the Politburo; this arrangement was unchanged from the previous Politburo. The two vice-chairmen of the Central Military Commission, the national trade union head, the head of the party's Organization and Propaganda departments, and all Vice-Premiers were represented on the Politburo; again this arrangement was totally consistent with the composition of the previous Politburo.
The long-term head of the Policy Research Office, Wang Huning, gained a seat on the Politburo. This was the first time the head of this office was represented at the Politburo level. Before starting his Politburo term, Wang sat on the Central Secretariat. Similarly, Li Zhanshu was appointed director of the party's General Office and was given a seat on the Politburo, while his predecessors generally did not enjoy this 'privilege'. The Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission, Meng Jianzhu, did not earn a seat on the Standing Committee, unlike his predecessor Zhou Yongkang. Moreover, no Politburo member directly took on the role that Li Changchun played as "propaganda chief" in the previous Politburo; instead, Standing Committee member Liu Yunshan was named both executive Secretary of the Secretariat in charge of party affairs, he was also seen as having 'taken over' Li Changchun's post as informal "propaganda chief". Liu Yandong, who continued her term from the 17th Politburo, was promoted from State Councilor to Vice-Premier; therefore, no State Councilors sat on the 18th Politburo. Apart from the seven Standing Committee members, only three others maintained their membership from the previous Politburo: Liu Yandong, Li Yuanchao, and Wang Yang, meaning that 15 out of the 25 members were newcomers. Li held the office of vice-president, which Xi Jinping previously held, and Wang was transferred from his post as Guangdong party secretary to become Vice Premier. Li and Wang theoretically meet the age requirements to advance one level higher to the Standing Committee at the 19th Party Congress, the only two-term Politburo members apart from Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang who met this requirement.
Two women, Sun Chunlan and Liu Yandong, sat on the Politburo, the first time this has happened since 1973 (when Ye Qun and Jiang Qing were part of the Politburo). No ethnic minorities had a seat on the council.
| Hanzi | scope=col | 17th POL | scope=col | 19th POL | scope=col | scope=col | scope=col | scope=col | Academic attainment | scope=col | Gender | scope=col | scope=col class="unsortable" | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fan Changlong | data-sort-value="18" | 范长龙 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = PeachPuff | 1947 | 1969 | Liaoning | Male | [1] | |||||||||
| Guo Jinlong | data-sort-value="24" | 郭金龙 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = PeachPuff | 1947 | 1979 | Nanjing | Male | [2] | |||||||||
| Han Zheng | data-sort-value="25" | 韩正 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = LightGreen | 1954 | 1979 | Shanghai | Male | [3] | |||||||||
| Hu Chunhua | data-sort-value="21" | 胡春华 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = LightGreen | 1963 | 1983 | Hubei | Male | [4] | |||||||||
| Li Jianguo | data-sort-value="12" | 李建国 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = PeachPuff | 1946 | 1971 | Shandong | Male | [5] | |||||||||
| Li Keqiang | data-sort-value="11" | 李克强 | bgcolor = Salmon | bgcolor = LightGreen | 1955 | 1974 | Hefei | Male | [6] | |||||||||
| Li Yuanchao | data-sort-value="13" | 李源潮 | bgcolor = Salmon | bgcolor = PeachPuff | 1950 | 1978 | Jiangsu | Male | [7] | |||||||||
| Li Zhanshu | data-sort-value="23" | 栗战书 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = LightGreen | 1950 | 1975 | Hebei | Male | [8] | |||||||||
| Liu Qibao | data-sort-value="7" | 刘奇葆 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = PeachPuff | 1953 | 1971 | Anhui | Male | [9] | |||||||||
| Liu Yandong | data-sort-value="6" | 刘延东 | bgcolor = Salmon | bgcolor = PeachPuff | 1945 | 1964 | Jiangsu | Female | [10] | |||||||||
| Liu Yunshan | data-sort-value="5" | 刘云山 | bgcolor = Salmon | bgcolor = PeachPuff | 1947 | 1971 | Shanxi | Male | [11] | |||||||||
| Ma Kai | data-sort-value="2" | 马凯 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = PeachPuff | 1946 | 1965 | Shanghai | Male | [12] | |||||||||
| Meng Jianzhu | data-sort-value="19" | 孟建柱 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = PeachPuff | 1947 | 1968 | Jiangsu | Male | [13] | |||||||||
| Sun Chunlan | data-sort-value="9" | 孙春兰 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = LightGreen | 1950 | 1973 | Hebei | Female | [14] | |||||||||
| Sun Zhengcai | data-sort-value="10" | 孙政才 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = ffffbb | 1963 | 1988 | Shandong | Male | [15] | |||||||||
| Wang Huning | data-sort-value="4" | 王沪宁 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = LightGreen | 1955 | 1984 | Shanghai | Male | [16] | |||||||||
| Wang Qishan | data-sort-value="3" | 王岐山 | bgcolor = Salmon | bgcolor = PeachPuff | 1948 | 1983 | Shanxi | Male | [17] | |||||||||
| Wang Yang | data-sort-value="14" | 汪洋 | bgcolor = Salmon | bgcolor = LightGreen | 1955 | 1975 | Anhui | Male | [18] | |||||||||
| Xi Jinping | data-sort-value="1" | 习近平 | bgcolor = Salmon | bgcolor = LightGreen | 1953 | 1974 | Beijing | Male | [19] | |||||||||
| Xu Qiliang | data-sort-value="8" | 许其亮 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = LightGreen | 1950 | 1967 | Shandong | Male | [20] | |||||||||
| Yu Zhengsheng | data-sort-value="22" | 俞正声 | bgcolor = Salmon | bgcolor = PeachPuff | 1945 | 1964 | Zhejiang | Male | [21] | |||||||||
| Zhang Chunxian | data-sort-value="15" | 张春贤 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = PeachPuff | 1953 | 1973 | Henan | Male | [22] | |||||||||
| Zhang Dejiang | data-sort-value="17" | 张德江 | bgcolor = Salmon | bgcolor = PeachPuff | 1946 | 1971 | Liaoning | Male | [23] | |||||||||
| Zhang Gaoli | data-sort-value="16" | 张高丽 | bgcolor = Salmon | bgcolor = PeachPuff | 1946 | 1973 | Fujian | Male | [24] | |||||||||
| Zhao Leji | data-sort-value="20" | 赵乐际 | bgcolor = LightGreen | bgcolor = LightGreen | 1957 | 1975 | Shandong | Male | [25] |