| Unit Name: | 18th Cavalry |
| Start Date: | (as 18th Cavalry) |
| End Date: | present |
| Country: | India |
| Allegiance: | (1921-1947) (1947-1950) (1950-) |
| Branch: | (1921-1947) Indian Army (1947-) |
| Type: | Cavalry |
| Size: | Regiment |
| Command Structure: | Indian Army Armoured Corps |
| Motto: | साहस और सम्मान Saahas Aur Samman (Courage and honour) |
| Equipment: | T-72 |
| Equipment Label: | Main battle tank |
| Battles: | Gwalior campaign First Anglo-Sikh War Third Ango-Burmese War 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War First World War Second Mohmand Campaign Second World War Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 |
| Battle Honours: | Punniar Moodkee Ferozeshah Sobraon Egypt 1882 Tel-El-Kebir Punjab Frontier |
| Colonel Of The Regiment: | Maj Gen Jagatbir Singh, VSM[1] |
The 18th Cavalry is an armoured regiment of the armoured corps of the Indian Army. The regiment was created in 1921 through the amalgamation of the 7th Hariana Lancers and 6th King Edward's Own Cavalry.[2]
The regiment was formed in 1921 by the amalgamation of the 6th King Edward's Own Cavalry and the 7th Hariana Lancers to form the 6th/7th Cavalry. This designation was quickly changed in 1922 to 18th King Edward's Own Cavalry.[3]
These two regiments themselves had undergone many changes:
The composition of the regiment after the amalgamation in 1921 consisted of Kaimkhanis, Rajputana Rajputs, and Jats.[4] The present class composition is of Jats from Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan; Rajputs from Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan and Hindustani Mussalmans from all over India, but mainly from Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
In 1936, the unit was renamed 18th King Edward VII's Own Cavalry when Edward VIII was expected to ascended the throne to make clear it was named for King Edward VII. In 1940 it became the second to last cavalry regiment to be mechanised, leaving only the 17th Queen Victoria's Own Poona Horse still mounted on horses (though it too would be mechanised a month later).
The regiment, while still mounted cavalry, took part in the August to September 1933 Mohmand and Bajaur operations and the July to October 1935 Loe-Agra and Mohmand operations. The 1935 operations was to suppress the Mohmands, north of the Khyber Pass, after their raiding on the plains and attacks on road construction parties. The campaign witnessed a night operation to capture the heights around the Nahakki Pass.[5]
In December 1940, during the Second World War, the regiment was mechanised. It formed part of the 3rd Indian Motor Brigade, which was initially part of the 1st Indian Armoured Division.[6]
The brigade was detached from the division, and dispatched to Egypt in late January 1941, along with its units including the 18th King Edward's Own Cavalry. The regiment then served in the Western Desert campaign. The regiment, and the brigade, were attached to a number of different formations that included the 2nd Armoured Division, the 7th Armoured Division, and the 9th Australian Division who they were with during the Siege of Tobruk.[6] The regiment also supplied men for the Indian Long Range Squadron. The brigade was later overrun by the Italians during the Battle of Gazala, and took some days to reform. After the brigade re-formed, the regiment was equipped as follows: Cavalry Carrier - 2 x Reconnaissance Squadron, 1 x AT Squadron.[7] [8] [9]
On 30 June, the brigade was ordered to hand over 50 per cent of its vehicles to the Eighth Army, and was dispersed; the regiment was allotted to the defence of the Nile Delta and guard duties. In August, the brigade re-formed and was allocated the regiment. It travelled overland to Sahneh, in Persia via Baghdad, and was placed under the command of the 31st Indian Armoured Division (formally the 1st Indian Armoured Division). In late November it then moved to Shaibah, 7miles from Basra. From here the regiment returned to India in January 1943, and the brigade was reconstituted as the 43rd Indian Infantry Brigade (Lorried) at Shaibah at the end of January 1943. In the middle of the year, the regiment moved to Rawalpindi and commenced conversion to a light cruiser regiment, which was successfully completed by the end of the year.[10] The regiment was split up after that, and elements were serving in different parts of India when the Japanese surrender came in August 1945.
18th King Edward's Own Cavalry won the following gallantry awards during the Second World War:[11] [12]
When India was partitioned in 1947 and the Indian Army split between the new created states of India and Pakistan, the 18th King Edward's Own Cavalry was allocated to India.
When India became a republic in 1950, the regiment's title was changed to that of 18th Cavalry.
During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, the regiment fought a series of isolated armour battles as part of the 1st Armoured Division in the approaches to Sialkot.[13] They left behind 29 destroyed enemy tanks, and Naib Risaldar Mohd. Ayub Khan was awarded the Vir Chakra.[14] Seven were mentioned in despatches.[15]
During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the regiment saw action in the Fazilka sector. Naib Risaldar Noor Mohammed Khan was awarded the Vir Chakra.[16]
The regiment has participated in Operation Vijay, Operation Parakram, and undertaken counter-insurgency operations in Jammu and Kashmir, where it was awarded the GOC-in-C (Northern Command) Unit Citation.
The regiment was awarded the following battle honours:[17] [18]
The President of India, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy presented a guidon to the regiment at Amritsar on 26 March 1980.
On 7 March 2016, the regiment was presented the President's Standards at Amritsar by General Dalbir Singh, Chief of the Army Staff, on behalf of the President of India, Mr Pranab Mukherjee.[2] [21]
The regiment shed its horses and was converted to a motorised cavalry regiment equipped with anti-tank guns in 1940. This gave way to tanks in 1943 with the introduction of the Stuart tanks. They were succeeded by the Sherman tanks in 1946, the T-54s in 1966, and finally the T-72s in 1983.[10]
The current regimental insignia consists of crossed lances with pennons. Each of the pennons have scrolls with the words सत्यमेव (Satyameva) and जयते (Jayate). Satyameva Jayate translates to 'Truth alone triumphs'. The crossed lances are overlaid with the numeral '18' mounted by the Ashoka Lion Capital and a scroll at the base with the words 'Cavalry'.[22]
The motto of the regiment is साहस और सम्मान (Saahas Aur Samman), which translates to 'Courage and honour'.
