1897 in science explained
The year 1897 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Chemistry
Earth sciences
History of science and technology
Mathematics
Physiology, medicine and pharmacology
Psychology
Technology
- January 22 – The word computer is first used to refer to a mechanical calculation device, in this date's issue of the journal Engineering.[10]
- May 11 – A patent is awarded for the invention of the first automotive muffler, with the granting by the U.S. Patent Office of application number 582,485 to Milton Reeves and his brother Marshall T. Reeves, of the Reeves Pulley Company of Columbus, Indiana.[11]
- May 13 – Guglielmo Marconi sends the first ever wireless communication over open sea when the message "Are you ready" is transmitted across the Bristol Channel from Lavernock Point in South Wales to Flat Holm Island, a distance of 6km (04miles).[12]
- May 17 – Launch of the Holland VI (later), designed by John Philip Holland, at Lewis Nixon's Crescent Shipyard in Elizabeth, New Jersey; this is the first submarine having power to run submerged for any considerable distance, and the first to combine electric motors for submerged travel and gasoline (Otto) engines for use on the surface.
- June 26 – At the British Fleet Review, Charles Parsons gives a spectacular display of the unprecedented speed attainable by his steam turbine-powered Turbinia.[13]
- August 10 – Rudolf Diesel demonstrates his first commercially successful Diesel engine in Augsburg.
- August 31 – Thomas Edison is granted a patent for the Kinetoscope, a precursor of the movie projector.
- Hiram P. Maxim develops the muffler in conjunction with the firearm silencer (suppressor).
- The Dahlander pole changing motor is patented.
- The Daimler Victoria, the world's first meter-equipped (and gasoline-powered) taxicab, is built by Gottlieb Daimler.
Awards
Births
- January 1 – Ana Aslan (died 1988), Romanian biologist.
- February 27 – Bernard Lyot (died 1952), French astronomer.
- March 24 – Wilhelm Reich (died 1957), Austrian psychoanalyst.
- May 16 – Zvi Sliternik (died 1993), Israeli entomologist.
- July 20 – Tadeusz Reichstein (died 1996), Polish-born Nobel Prize-winning chemist.[15]
- August 5 – Joan Beauchamp Procter (died 1931), English herpetologist.
- August 12 – Otto Struve (died 1963), Ukrainian-born astronomer.
- September 1 – Mary Cover Jones (died 1987), American behavioral therapist.
- September 12 – Irène Joliot-Curie (died 1956), French chemist.
- November 4 – C. B. van Niel (died 1985), Dutch-born microbiologist.
- November 13 – Tilly Edinger (died 1967), German-born paleoneurologist.
- December 22 – Vojtěch Jarník (died 1970), Czech mathematician.
Deaths
- January 25 – David Kirkaldy (born 1820), Scottish-born engineer, pioneer of materials testing.
- February 7 – Galileo Ferraris, Italian physicist and engineer (born 1847)[16]
- February 19 – Karl Weierstrass (born 1815), German mathematician.
- March 15 – James Joseph Sylvester (born 1814), English mathematician.
- April 12 – Edward Drinker Cope (born 1840), American paleontologist.
- May 6
- May 7 – Abraham Dee Bartlett (born 1812), English zoologist.
- August 27 – Eduard von Hofmann (born 1837), Austrian forensic pathologist.
- October 19 – George Pullman (born 1831), American inventor.
- October 31 – Samuel Haughton (born 1821), Irish scientific polymath.
- November 1 – Peter Bellinger Brodie (born 1815), English geologist and clergyman.
- November 14 – Thomas W. Evans (born 1823), American-born dentist.[17]
Notes and References
- Web site: Joseph John "J. J." Thomson . Science History Institute. 20 March 2018.
- Book: Bowden. Mary Ellen. Chemical achievers : the human face of the chemical sciences. registration. 1997. Chemical Heritage Foundation. Philadelphia, PA. 9780941901123. Joseph John Thomson. 67-69.
- Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 28 (1897) 381–390, 29 (1898) 14–32.
- R.. Bricard. Mémoire sur la théorie de l’octaèdre articulé. Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. 3. 1897. 113–150. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110717152710/http://www-mathdoc.ujf-grenoble.fr/JMPA/PDF/JMPA_1897_5_3_A5_0.pdf. 2011-07-17.
- 3610034. Laura. Guggenbuhl. Laura Guggenbühl . Henri Brocard and the Geometry of the Triangle. The Mathematical Gazette. London. Mathematical Association. 37. 322. December 1953. 241–243.
- Maria do Céu . Silva . António Leal . Duarte . Carlos Correia . de Sá . Gallery: Francisco Gomes Teixeira . CIM Bulletin . Centro Internacional de Matemática . 16 . 2012-01-25. June 2004. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110716134701/https://at.yorku.ca/i/a/a/h/61.dir/number16.htm. 2011-07-16.
- Abel . John J. . Crawford . Albert C. . July 1897 . On the Blood-Pressure-Raising Constituent of the Suprarenal Capsule . Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital . 151 . Internet Archive.
- Book: Jeffreys, Diarmuid. Aspirin: The Remarkable Story of a Wonder Drug. registration. London. Bloomsbury. 2005. 70.
- Web site: Ross and the Discovery that Mosquitoes Transmit Malaria Parasites. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2010. 2011-06-14.
- Oxford English Dictionary. Book: McCoy, Lisa. Computers and Programming. registration. Infobase Publishing. 2010. 1.
- https://patents.google.com/patent/US582485 "Exhaust Muffler for Engines"
- Web site: BBC Wales. Marconi's Waves. https://web.archive.org/web/20070120163444/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/historyhunters/locations/pages/3_1_flatholm.shtml. 2007-01-20. dead.
- Web site: Phil . Russell . Sir Charles Algernon Parsons (1854-1931) . Navies in Transition . 1999 . 2010-09-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100113095736/http://www.btinternet.com/~philipr/Parsons.htm . 2010-01-13 . dead .
- Web site: Copley Medal British scientific award . Encyclopedia Britannica . 23 July 2020 . en.
- Web site: Tadeus Reichstein - Biographical. www.nobelprize.org. 21 February 2018.
- Book: Alta frequenza. Associazione elettrotecnica italiana. 1978. 531-2.
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