1896 in animation explained

Events in 1896 in animation.

Events

• March 14 – W. Symons received British Patent No. 5,759 for a technique that was used about two years later for the oldest known publication that used a line-sheet to create the illusion of motion in pictures.^[1] It is an early use of stereography.
• May – Auguste Berthier published an article about the history of stereoscopic images in French scientific magazine Le Cosmos, which included his method of creating an autostereogram.^[2] Alternating strips from the left and right image of a traditional stereoscopic negative had to be recomposed as an interlaced image, preferably during the printing of the image on paper. A glass plate with opaque lines had to be fixed in front of the interlaced print with a few millimeters in between, so the lines on the screen formed a parallax barrier: from the right distance and angle each eye could only see the photographic strips shot from the corresponding angle. The article was illustrated with a diagram of the principle, an image of the two parts of a stereoscopic photograph divided into exaggerated wide bands, and the same strips recomposed as an interlaced image. Berthier's idea was hardly noticed.^[3]

Births

January

• January 15: Marjorie Bennett, Australian actress (voice of Duchess in One Hundred and One Dalmatians), (d. 1982).^[4]
• January 24: Yasuji Murata, Japanese animator, master of cutout animation (produced dozens of mostly educational films, featuring characters such as Momotarō and Norakuro), (d. 1966).^{[5] [6]}

May

• May 3: Dodie Smith, English novelist and playwright, (her children's novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians was adapted into the animated film One Hundred and One Dalmatians), (d. 1990).^{[7] [8] [9]}
• May 18: Hans Fischerkoesen, German commercial animator pioneered the use of three-dimensional elements in animation (Fischerkoesen Studios, Verwitterte Melodie (Weather-Beaten Melody), Der Schneemann (The Snowman), Das dumme Gänslein (The Silly Goose)), (d. 1973).^{[10] [11] [12] [13]}

June

• June 21: Bob McCay, American cartoonist, illustrator, comic book colorist and inker, (assistant for his father Winsor McCay, he received sole credit for several of his father's cartoons, including an animated film), (d. 1962).^{[14] [15] [16]}

July

• July 2: Quirino Cristiani, Italian-born Argentine animation director and cartoonist, created the world's first two animated feature films, and the first animated feature film with sound, pioneer of cutout animation, (El Apóstol, Sin dejar rastros, Firpo-Dempsey, Peludópolis, El mono relojero), (d. 1984).^{[17] [18] [19]}

November

• November 3: Gustaf Tenggren, Swedish-American illustrator and animator, (Walt Disney Animation Studios), (d. 1970).^{[20] [21] [22] [23]}
• November 16: Jim Jordan, American actor (voice of Orville in The Rescuers), (d. 1988).^{[24] [25]}

Notes and References

1. Web site: Living pictures; their history, photoproduction and practical working. With a digest of British patents and annotated bibliography. Henry V.. Hopwood. August 21, 1899. London Optician & Photographic Trades Review. Internet Archive.
2. Berthier, Auguste (May 16 and 23, 1896). "Images stéréoscopiques de grand format" (in French). Cosmos 34 (590, 591): 205–210, 227-233 (see 229–231)
3. Images en relief et images changeantes. La photographie à réseau ligné. Kim. Timby. May 1, 2001. Études photographiques. 9. 124–143. journals.openedition.org.
4. News: Marjorie Bennett Dead at 87; Acted in Chaplin's 'Limelight' . 22 June 1982 . . 6 September 2010.
5. Web site: Pioneers of Japanese Animation (Part 1). Sharp. Jasper. September 23, 2004. Midnight Eye. 12 December 2009.
6. Official booklet, The Roots of Japanese Anime, DVD, Zakka Films, 2009.
7. Book: Smith . Dodie . The Hundred and One Dalmatians & The Starlight Barking – Modern Classics . 2018 . Egmont UK Ltd . About The Author . 978-1-4052-8875-0.
8. Web site: 10 Things You Didn't Know About 101 Dalmatians . Oh My Disney . 7 December 2019 . "2. The story is based on Dodie Smith's own experience" . c. 2015.
9. Web site: One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961). American Film Institute. AFI Catalog of Feature Films. January 2, 2024. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20240102190012/https://catalog.afi.com/Film/23705-ONE-HUNDREDANDONEDALMATIANS. January 2, 2024.
10. Book: Animation under the swastika: a history of trickfilm in Nazi Germany, 1933-1945.. Giesen. R.. McFarland & Company. 2012. 153–156. Storm. J.P.. Jefferson, North Carolina.
11. Book: Bendazzi, G.. Animation: A world history. Volume I: Foundations – the golden age. Focal Press. 2015. 978-1-317-52083-2. London. 240–256. 10.4324/9781315721057. 2 February 2016.
12. Web site: Animated Success: The Life of Germany's Own Walt Disney. 28 January 2016. spiegel.de. Klatt. O..
13. Web site: The Case of Hans Fischerkoesen. 6 January 2016. www.awn.com. Moritz. W..
14. Book: Canemaker, John . Winsor McCay: His Life and Art . Harry N. Abrams, Inc . 2005 . 0-8109-5941-0 . 47 . limited.
15. http://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/mccay_bob.htm Bob McCay
16. http://bailsprojects.com/(S(qsyn0v45yn33uruxyjtseszi))/bio.aspx?Name=MC+CAY%2c+BOB McCay, Bob
17. Web site: The Untold Story of Argentina's Pioneer Animator. www.awn.com. May 29, 2020.
18. Web site: Drawing the Shorter Straw. Brook. Marisa. Damn Interesting. 19 September 2018.
19. Giannalberto Bendazzi (Anna Taraboletti-Segre, translator); Cartoons: One Hundred Years of Cinema Animation; Indiana University Press; (paperback reprint, 2001)
20. Web site: Gustaf Tenggren's World. www.gustaftenggren.com. May 20, 2020.
21. News: GUSTAF A. TENGGREN, CHILDREN'S ARTIST. The New York Times . 9 April 1970 . 2018-11-05. en.
22. http://www.barnboken.net/index.php/clr/article/view/257 Conrad, JoAnn. Fantasy Imaginaries and Landscapes of Desire: Gustaf Tenggren’s Forgotten Decades
23. John Canemaker, Before the animation begins : the art and lives of Disney inspirational sketch artists, New York : Hyperion, 1996
24. News: Jim Jordan, Radio's Fibber McGee, Is Dead at 91 . Jim Jordan, who delighted audiences for two decades as the well-meaning but bumbling Fibber McGee in the classic radio show Fibber McGee and Molly, died today at the Beverly Hills Medical Center. He was 91 years old. Mr. Jordan had been hospitalized for more than a week, in a coma with a blood clot in his brain caused by a fall at his home, according to a family friend, the radio and television performer Fran Allison. Mr. Jordan never regained consciousness after the accident. . . 2 April 1988 . 2009-08-08 .
25. Web site: The Rescuers Down Under. Disney Archives. https://web.archive.org/web/20070129102037/http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/movies/rescuersdown/rescuersdown.html. Disney.go.com. January 29, 2007. January 2, 2016.