1894 in France explained

Events from the year 1894 in France.

Incumbents

• President

Marie François Sadi Carnot (until 26 June), Jean Casimir-Perier (starting 26 June)

• President of the Council of Ministers

Jean Casimir-Perier (until 30 May), Charles Dupuy (starting 30 May)

Events

• 4 January – Franco-Russian Alliance: A military alliance is established between France and the Russian Empire, pledged to remain so as long as the Triple Alliance (1882) exists.
• 15 February (04:51 GMT) – French anarchist Martial Bourdin attempts to destroy the Royal Observatory, London, England with a bomb.
• 22 June – Dahomey becomes a French colony.
• 23 June – International Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne, Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin.
• 24 June – Assassination of Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of France.^[1]
• 15 August – Sante Geronimo Caserio is executed for the assassination of Marie François Sadi Carnot.^[2]
• 15 October – Alfred Dreyfus is arrested for spying: Dreyfus affair begins.^[3]
• 5 November – Crédit Agricole established.
• 7 November – The Masonic Grand Lodge de France is founded, splitting from the larger and older Grand Orient de France.
• 19 December – Trial and conviction of Alfred Dreyfus begins at the Cherche-Midi prison and lasts four days.
• 22 December – Alfred Dreyfus is convicted of treason.
• 31 December – Dreyfus' appeal to the military court of revision — a formality — is rejected.
• Venus of Brassempouy is discovered.
• Émile Delahaye produces the first Delahaye automobile in Tours.^[4]

Arts and literature

• Paul Cézanne paints Rideau, Cruchon et Compotier.
• Claude Debussy composes premieres Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune in December 1894, a symphonic poem based on Stéphane Mallarmé.

Births

January to June

• 12 January – Georges Carpentier, boxer (died 1975)
• 18 January – Romain Bellenger, cyclist (died 1981)
• 6 February – André Marchal, organist and organ teacher (died 1980)
• 14 March – Marie-Simone Capony, teacher, fifth-oldest person in the world (died 2007)
• 26 March – Albert Achard, World War I flying ace (died 1972)
• 9 April – Jean Gounot, gymnast and Olympic medallist (died 1978)
• 23 April – Georges Renavent, actor (died 1969)
• 10 May – Paul Dujardin, water polo player and Olympic medallist (died 1959)
• 27 May – Louis-Ferdinand Céline, writer (died 1961)
• 2 June – Jean Gachet, boxer and Olympic medallist (died 1968)
• 13 June – Jacques Henri Lartigue, photographer and painter (died 1986)

July to September

• 25 July – Yvonne Printemps, singer and actress (died 1977)
• 19 August – André Lefèbvre, automobile engineer (died 1963)
• 27 August – André Lurçat, architect (died 1970)
• 3 September
  • Marie Dubas, music-hall singer and comedian (died 1972)
  • André Hébuterne, painter (died 1992)
• 8 September – Andrée Vaurabourg, pianist and teacher (died 1980)
• 14 September – Pierre-Marie Théas, Bishop (died 1977)
• 15 September – Jean Renoir, film director (died 1979)

October to December

• 17 October – Félix Amiot, aircraft constructor (died 1974)
• 25 October – Claude Cahun, photographer and writer (died 1954)
• 30 October – Jean Rostand, biologist and philosopher (died 1977)
• 4 November – Gabriel Auphan, Admiral (died 1982)
• 5 November – René Laforgue, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (died 1962)
• 7 December – Louis Béguet, rugby union player (died 1983)
• 19 December – Paul Baudouin, banker, politician and Minister (died 1964)
• 25 December – Maurice Floquet, France's oldest man on record (died 2006)

Full date unknown

• Marcel LaFosse, classical trumpeter (died 1969)
• Georges Miquelle, cellist (died 1977)

Deaths

• 29 January – Armand Gautier, painter and lithographer (born 1825)
• 3 February – Edmond Frémy, chemist (born 1814)
• 6 February – Maria Deraismes, author and pioneer for women's rights (born 1828)
• 9 February – Maxime Du Camp, writer and photographer (born 1822)
• 14 February – Jacques-Léonard Maillet, sculptor (born 1823)
• 20 May – Philippe Édouard Foucaux, Tibetologist (born 1811)
• 25 June – Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of France (assassinated) (born 1837)
• 1 July – Jean-Joseph Carriès, sculptor, ceramist, and miniaturist (born 1855)
• 2 September – Pauline Duvernay, dancer (born 1813)
• 8 November – Louis Figuier, scientist and writer (born 1819)
• 7 December – Ferdinand de Lesseps, developer of the Suez Canal (born 1805)

Full date unknown

• Jacques Claude Demogeot, man of letters (born 1808)

Notes and References

1. Web site: Lacassagne . Alexandre (1843–1924) Auteur du texte . Poncet . A. Auteur du texte . 10 April 1894 . L'assassinat du président Carnot / par A. Lacassagne,... . 10 April 2018 . A. Storck . gallica.bnf.fr.
2. News: 7 May 2017 . Jean-Marie Le Pen: Nie zawaham się zabić . Gazeta Wyborcza .
3. Web site: France - The Dreyfus Affair Britannica . 2023-04-27 . www.britannica.com . en.
4. Hull, Peter. "Delahaye: Famous on Road and Race Track", in Ward, Ian, executive editor. World of Automobiles (London: Orbis, 1974), Volume 5, p.521.