1892 in animation explained

Events in 1892 in animation.

Events

• October 11: Charles-Émile Reynaud signed a contract with the Musée Grévin, allowing him to start regular public screenings of his films at the museum. The first public screening took place on October 28. Reynaud received 500 francs per month and 10% of the box office. The contract disadvantaged Reynaud, as he paid for the maintenance of the system and was required to oversee all of the daily showings.
• Specific date unknown In 1892, mechanical engineer Thomas E. Bickle received British Patent No. 20,281 for a clockwork thaumatrope with "pictures or designs exhibiting some action or motion in two phases, which are thus alternately presented to the eye in rapid succession with small intervals of rest".^[1]

Films released

• October 28:
  • Le Clown et ses chiens (The Clown and His Dogs).Film created by Charles-Émile Reynaud It consists of 300 individually painted images and lasts about 10 minutes.^[2]
  • Pauvre Pierrot (Poor Pete). Film created in 1891 by Charles-Émile Reynaud, but first exhibited to an audience in 1892 with Reynaud's Théâtre Optique at the Musée Grévin. The film consists of 500 individually painted images, and originally lasted for about 15 minutes.^[3]
  • Un bon bock (A Good Beer). Film created in 1888 by Charles-Émile Reynaud, but first exhibited to an audience in 1892 with Reynaud's Théâtre Optique at the Musée Grévin. It consisted of 700 individually painted 6 x 6 cm pictures in a 50 meter long flexible strip. Reynaud manipulated the speed and repeated movements by moving the film back and forth through the projector to tell a visual story that lasted close to fifteen minutes.^{[4] [5]}

Births

January

• January 31: Eddie Cantor, American actor, singer, songwriter and screenwriter (co-wrote Merrily We Roll Along for Merrie Melodies), (d. 1964).^{[6] [7] [8] [9]}

March

• March 10: Gregory La Cava, American animator and film director (Raoul Barré, International Film Service), (d. 1952).^{[10] [11]}

May

• May 2: Ōten Shimokawa, Japanese cartoonist, comics artist and animator (Imokawa Mukuzo Genkanban no Maki), (d. 1973).^[12]
• May 9: Nikolai Khodataev, Russian film director and animator (Interplanetary Revolution, China in Flames, One of Many, The Samoyed Boy, The Little Organ and Fialkin's Career), (d. 1979).^{[13] [14] [15] [16]}

June

• June 13: Basil Rathbone, South African-British actor (narrator of "The Wind in the Willows" segment in The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad), (d. 1967).^[17]

July

• July 2: Jake Day, American artist, sculptor, photographer, naturalist and illustrator (Merbabies, The Milky Way, Bambi), (d. 1983).^{[18] [19] [20]}
• July 30: Carl Koch, German art historian, film director, and writer (The Adventures of Prince Achmed), (d. 1963).^{[21] [22] [23]}

August

• August 2: Jack L. Warner, American film studio executive, co-founder and president of Warner Bros., (credited with the decision to sell the rights of all of the 400 cartoons which Warner Bros. made before 1948 for $3,000 apiece), (d. 1978).^{[24] [25]}
• August 16: Otto Messmer, American animator (Felix the Cat), (d. 1983).^{[26] [27] [28]}
• August 29: Roland Crandall, American animator (Fleischer Studios), (d. 1972).^{[29] [30] [31]}
• August 31: Claire Du Brey, American actress (model of the Fairy Godmother in Cinderella), (d. 1993).^[32]

September

• September 11: Pinto Colvig, American clown, actor, and cartoonist (voice of Goofy and Pluto, Practical Pig in Three Little Pigs, Sleepy and Grumpy in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Bluto in Popeye, Gabby in Gulliver's Travels, the title character in Conrad the Sailor), (d. 1967).^{[33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38]}

December

• December 26: Don Barclay, American actor and caricaturist (voice of the Doorman in Cinderella), (d. 1975).^{[39] [40]}

Sources

• Book: Bendazzi, Giannalberto . Giannalberto Bendazzi . Cartoons: One hundred years of cinema animation . . 1994 . 0253209374.
• Myrent . Glenn . Emile Reynaud: First Motion Picture Cartoonist . Film History . . 1989 . 3 . 3 . 191–202 . 10.2307/3814977 . 3814977 .
• Rossell . Deac . A Chronology of Cinema, 1889-1896 . Film History . . 1995 . 7 . 2 . 115–236 . 10.2307/3815166 . 3815166 .
• Thomas, Bob (1990). Clown Prince of Hollywood: The Antic Life and Times of Jack L. Warner. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.

Notes and References

1. Book: Leskosky, Richard J.. Two-state animation: the thaumatrope and its spin-offs (in Animation Journal – Fall 1993). 1993.
2. Web site: Le Théâtre optique – Émile Reynaud . www.emilereynaud.fr . 6 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081111172705/http://www.emilereynaud.fr/index.php/post/Le-Theatre-optique . 11 November 2008 . dead.
3. Web site: Charles-Émile Reynaud . Who's Who of Victorian Cinema . 2007-03-11.
4. Web site: Charles-Émile Reynaud . Who's Who of Victorian Cinema . 2007-03-11.
5. Web site: The History of Animation . 2007-03-11.
6. News: Eddie Cantor Dead. Comedy Star Was 72.. United Press International. October 11, 1964. The New York Times. May 13, 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
7. Web site: Banjo Eyes. movies2.nytimes.com. May 13, 2019.
8. Web site: The Eddie Cantor Story. Eddie Cantor Official Website. September 2, 2013.
9. Web site: The Merrie Melodies Theme: "Merrily We Roll Along" . 2021-06-02. cartoonresearch.com.
10. Nemeth . Michael . December 2022 . 6–12 . Gregory La Cava: The Road Less Traveled . Classic Images.
11. News: Gregory La Cava, director, 59, dead . December 22, 2022 . The New York Times . United Press . March 2, 1952 . 92. subscription.
12. Web site: Some remarks on the first Japanese animation films in 1917. Frederick S. Litten. 2014-01-02.
13. Giannalberto Bendazzi (2016). Animation: A World History: Volume I: Foundations – The Golden Age at Google Books, p. 76—78
14. http://studio-mir.ru/eng/index.php?p=film&id=28 The Stars of Russian Animation. Film 2. Nikolai Khodataev
15. Sergei Asenin (2012). The World of Animation // The Tropes of Soviet Animation. — Moscow: Print-on-Demand, p. 44
16. http://www.kinozapiski.ru/ru/print/sendvalues/820/ Nikolai Khodataev on why he left animation
17. Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Site of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 38744-38745). McFarland and Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition
18. Web site: Maurice E. Day, Animator, 90; Drew Deer for Movie 'Bambi'. Associated Press . May 19, 1983 . NY Times . July 25, 2020 .
19. Hrehovck . Steve . May 1, 2016 . Damariscotta's Favorite Son Maurice "Jake" Day . Discover Maine . July 26, 2020 .
20. Web site: To Discover the Real Bambi, Walt Disney Goes to Maine. Associated Press . January 1, 2019 . New England Historical Society . July 25, 2020 .
21. Web site: Lockwood . Devi . Overlooked No More: Lotte Reiniger, Animator Who Created Magic With Scissors and Paper . The New York Times . 18 October 2019.
22. Web site: Guerin . Frances . Lotte Reiniger . Women Film Pioneers Project.
23. Web site: Phillips . Jane . Lotte Reiniger . World Encyclopedia of Puppetry Arts.
24. Thomas (1990), p. 212.
25. News: Arnold. Gary. September 11, 1978. Jack Warner, Last of First-Generation Movie Tycoons, Dies. en-US. Washington Post. May 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20201102064346/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1978/09/11/jack-warner-last-of-first-generation-movie-tycoons-dies/d459d4b8-14ab-488d-824b-2ecb2f6093b7/. November 2, 2020. 0190-8286. dead.
26. Web site: Otto Messmer.
27. Rosero, Jessica (May 14, 2006). "Felix the Cat, created in Hudson County" The Union City Reporter. pp. 1 and 11.
28. News: Otto Messmer is Dead at 91; Created 'Felix the Cat' Films. The New York Times. October 29, 1983. McGill. Douglas C..
29. Thorndike, Chuck (1939). The Business of Cartooning: The Success Stories of the World’s Greatest Cartoonists, pg.28. House of Little Books
30. http://www.goldenagecartoons.com/forums/printthread.php?t=2782
31. Book: Beck . Jerry . The 50 Greatest Cartoons: As Selected by 1,000 Animation Professionals . 1994 . Turner Publishing . 978-1878685490.
32. Book: Gmür. Leonhard. Rex Ingram: Hollywood's Rebel of the Silver Screen. 2013. epubli. 9783844246018. 182. July 23, 2017. en.
33. News: Pinto Colvig, 75, Voice Of Cartoon Characters. October 6, 1967. The New York Times.
34. Book: Hischak, Thomas S.. Disney Voice Actors: A Biographical Dictionary. September 15, 2011. McFarland. 9780786486946. en.
35. Book: Canemaker, John. 2006. Paper Dreams: The Art And Artists Of Disney Storyboards. Disney Edition. 86. 978-0786863075. "After four years, Walt apparently forgave Colvig for he returned to Disney to record Goofy's voice for the next twenty-six years. (During his absence Goofy was recorded by two Colvig imitators named Jack Bailey and George Johnson)"
36. Book: Scott . Keith . Cartoon Voices of the Golden Age, Vol. 2 . 3 October 2022 . BearManor Media . en.
37. Web site: Gus Wicke, An Appreciation. cartoonresearch.com. 14 December 2020.
38. Voice Talent. Documentary film. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs Platinum Edition DVD. Buena Vista Home Entertainment. 2001.
39. Book: Meeks. Eric G.. The Best Guide to Palm Springs Celebrity Homes. 2014. 2012. Horatio Limburger Oglethorpe. 978-1479328598. 63-65.
40. Daily Variety. 7. October 20, 1975. Obituaries.