1888 women's tennis season explained

1888 Women's tennis season
Duration:27 February – 30 December
Edition:13th
Tournaments:65
Categories:Important (4)
National (4)
Provincial/Regional/State (14)
County (12)
Regular (31)
Most Tournament Titles: Blanche Hillyard (7)
Most Tournament Finals: Blanche Hillyard (9)
Previous:1887
Next:1889

The 1888 Women's tennis season was a tennis circuit composed of 65 national, regional, county, and regular tournaments. It was the 13th annual season since the first women's tennis tournaments were held in 1876. The season began in February in Auckland, New Zealand, and ended in December in Napier, New Zealand.[1]

Summary of season

From 1888 until 1912 Britain's Lawn Tennis Association (LTA), grew in status and influence to become the de facto international tennis governing body before the proper International Lawn Tennis Federation commenced operations.[2] Despite the United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) forming in 1881 a good seven years before the LTA, it was the British body that set laws, settled disputes and organized the increasingly complicated tournament calendar before the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) formed in March, 1913.[3]

After the formation of the ILTF the world tennis circuit going forward was a highly organised and structured network of national and international tournaments.[4] Most tennis tournaments were usually mixed events for men and women, and the women's international tennis circuit certainly up to 1923 was composed mainly of tournaments on the British and European Circuits.[5] After the USNLTA joined the ILTF this would later change with more and more tournaments being staged globally. Women tennis players on the world circuit up to the open era were funded by their national associations enabling them to travel and take part in international tournaments.[6]

1888 sees a decrease in the number women's singles events on the previous year being held as the tennis circuit continues to form.[7] The 1888 women's tennis season began on 27 February with the|Auckland Association Championships in Auckland, New Zealand.[1] In May 1888 at the first major event of the year the Irish Championships[8] played at the Fitzwilliam Lawn Tennis Club in Dublin, Ireland. England's Blanche Hillyard wins the singles title for the first time compatriot Bertha Steedman two sets to love.[9] The ladies doubles event is won by English sister's Bertha Steedman and Mary Steedman, and in the mixed doubles Margaret Bracewell partnering Ernest Wool Lewis defeat the English/Irish pairing of Bertha Steedman and Hugh Cairns.[10] In June 1888 sees a change in scheduling when the U.S. National Championships held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club, PA are brought forward this month, Bertha Townsend sweeps away title holder Ellen Hansell in straight sets.[11]

Later at the end of June the third major tournament of the year the Northern Championships is played at the Liverpool Cricket Club in Liverpool sees Lottie Dod retain her title beating Irish Champion Blanche Hillyard in straights sets, the women's doubles event is won by the sister's Ann Dod and Lottie Dod who defeat the English/Irish pairing of Margaret Bracewell and May Langrishe in the final.[12] The All England mixed doubles event is won by Blanche Hillyard and Ernest Renshaw defeating Lottie Dod and John Charles Kay on their way to the title.[13] In June Ireland's Connie Butler wins the Scottish Championships in Edinburgh against England's Ann Dod,[14] and at the Welsh Championships in Penarth Blanche Hillyard takes the title against Miss N Pope.[15]

In July at the 1888 Wimbledon Championships the world's first major tennis tournament, Lottie Dod successfully defends last years title, when she defeats Blanche Hillyard in straight sets to claim her second major title of the season.[16] The season ended on 30 December 1888 at the New Zealand Championships, held in Napier, New Zealand played on grass.[1]

Season results

Prior to the creation of the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the establishment of its world championship events in 1913 the Wimbledon Championships, the U.S. National Championships, the Irish Lawn Tennis Championships and the Northern Championships were considered by players and historians as the four most important tennis tournaments to win.[17] [18] [19]

This is a calendar of all known official events that were administered by national, regional, provincial, state, and county lawn tennis associations in the year 1888, with player progression documented from the quarterfinals stage where historical sources have permitted.

Key

Important.[20] [21] [22] [23]
National
Provincial/State/Regional
County
Regular

January

No events

February

No events

May

EndedTournamentWinnerFinalistSemifinalistQuarterfinalist
7 May.Inter-Colonial Lawn Tennis Tournament[25]
(Championship of New South Wales)
Sydney, Australia
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Lillian Scott
8–6, 6–4
Ellen Mayne Eliza Fitzgerald
Edith L Fox
Florence Batt
Ellen Blaxland
Ada Keele
Miss Maddrell
Challenger
Ellen Mayne
Lilian Scott
Zilla Scott
6–1, 3–6, 6–2
Edith Fox
Ellen Mayne
Ellen Mayne
Dudley Webb
6–4, 2–6, 6–1
Zilla Scott
Alec Chomley
26 May.West of Scotland Championships[26]
Pollockshields Athletic Club
Pollokshields, Scotland
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Miss Rose
6–0, 10–8
Miss Simpson
26 MayFlushing Spring Tournament[27] [28]
Flushing Athletic Club
Flushing, United States
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Ellen M. Lynch
6–3, 6–3, 6–3
Miss Ward Miss Bogert
Miss Mann
Blanche Hillyard
7–5, 6–2
Constance Bryan
May Langrishe
Connie Butler
Margaret Bracewell
Mary Steedman
Isabella Smyth
Bertha Steedman
Mary Steedman
6–2, 3–6, 6–1
Margaret Bracewell
Blanche Hillyard
Margaret Bracewell
Ernest Wool Lewis
6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 9–7
Bertha Steedman
H Cairns

June

EndedTournamentWinnerFinalistSemifinalistQuarterfinalist
1 JunWashington D.C. Open Tournament[30]
Kendall Green
Washington D.C., United States
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Florence Bayard
6–2, 6–0, 6–1
Agnes S. Bartlett
Florence Bayard
Annie J. Safford
6–0, 6–1, 6–3
Agnes S. Bartlett
Sallie A. Bartlett
2 Jun. Championship of West of England[31]
Lansdown Cricket Club
Bath, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Lottie Dod
6–3, 6–0
N. Pope Margaret Bracewell
Gertrude Gibbs
Ann Dod
Blanche Hillyard
Beatrice Langrishe
Ann Dod
Lottie Dod
11–9, 7–5
Beatrice Langrishe
N. Pope
Margaret Bracewell
Harry Grove
6–4, 4–6, 6–1
Lottie Dod
Anthony Dod
New York Tennis Club Spring Open
New York Tennis Club
New York City, United States
Clay
Singles - Doubles
Miss Locke
6–1, 6–1
A McKinley Adelaide Badgley
Mrs Johnson
Adelaide Badgley
Howard Badgley
Won
Augustus Schultz
William D. Hobart
9 Jun.East Gloucestershire Championships
Cheltenham LTC
Grass
Cheltenham, England
Singles - Doubles
Louisa Martin
6–4, 5–7, 6–2
Margaret Bracewell
Miss Fenwick
Gertrude Bracewell
Ellen Browne
M. Crossley
Beatrice Langrishe
Whitehouse Open
Whitehouse LTC
Edinburgh, Scotland
Clay
Singles - Doubles
Ann Dod
6–2, 8–6
J Ferguson
Ann Dod
J Ferguson
6–2, 6–4
Miss Meikle
Jane Meikle
Ann Dod
Richard Millar Watson
5–7, 6–3, 6–4
J Ferguson
CD Murray
13 Jun.Nottinghamshire LTA Tournament[32]
Trent Bridge Ground
Nottingham, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Florence Noon
6–2, 6–1
Frances Snook Charlotte Snook
Agnes Noon Watts
Miss Exham
Mrs Hill
15 Jun.U.S. National Championships
Philadelphia Country Club
Philadelphia, United States
Grass
Singles
Bertha Townsend
6–3, 6–5
Marion Wright Adeline Robinson Ellen Roosevelt
Violet Ward
Challenger
Ellen Hansell
16 Jun.Kent All-Comers' Championships[33]
Beckenham LTC
Beckenham, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
May Jacks
1–6, 6–3, 6–0
Miss Canning
N. Howes
Miss Aste
E. Forrest
J. Kennedy
A. Wickham
Edith Gurney
Charles Ross
May Jacks
“A.N. Other”
Scottish Championships
Dyvour Club
Edinburgh, Scotland
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Connie Butler
6–3, 6–3
Beatrice Wood E, Ferguson
J. Ferguson
Jane Meikle
Miss Meikle
Miss Rankine
Challenger
Ann Dod
Welsh Championships[34]
Penarth LTC
Penarth, Wales
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Blanche Hillyard
6–3, 6–3
Miss N. Pope
22 JunLondon Championships[35]
London Athletic Club
Stamford Bridge, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Blanche Hillyard
6–4, 6–3
Miss Canning Mrs A. Burr
23 Jun.Northern Championships[36]
Liverpool Cricket Club
Liverpool, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Lottie Dod
6–3, 9–7
Margaret Bracewell
Louisa Martin
Gertrude Bracewell
Florence Mardall
Beatrice Wood
Florence Stanuell
Challenger
Blanche Hillyard
Ann Dod
Lottie Dod
6–3, 6–2
Margaret Bracewell
May Langrishe
Blanche Hillyard
Ernest Renshaw
7–5, 10–8
Lottie Dod
John Charles Kay
30 Jun.Waterloo Tournament[37]
Waterloo LTC
Waterloo, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Ann Dod
4–6, 6–0, 6–3
K. Hill
M. Pick
John Charles
8–6, 6–3
K. Hill
William Wethered
Midland Counties Championships[38]
Edgbaston CLTC
Edgbaston, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Margaret Bracewell
7–5, 6–2
Florence Mardall Gertrude Bracewell
J. Wray
Mrs G Elkington
Bertha Steedman
Mary Steedman
Lilian Watson
Lilian Watson
Maud Watson
6–0 1–0, retd
Bertha Steedman
Mary Steedman
Maud Watson
John Redfern Deykin
0–6, 7–5, 6–2
Bertha Steedman
George Brown

July

EndedTournamentWinnerFinalistSemifinalistQuarterfinalist
1 Jul. Mabel Grant
6–4, 6–3
Norah Hickman Beatrice Grant
Miss Lloyd
Miss Grant
Miss Nimmo
Challenger
L. Button
L. Button
Reuben Benningfield
6–1, 6–3
Mabel Grant
William J. Grant
21 Jul.Taunton and West Somerset Lawn Tennis Tournament
Coton Hill Institution Grounds
Stafford, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
N. Pope
default
Louisa Sweet-Escott A. Boucher
Ada Meyler
Angel Smith
Miss Kepple-Taylor
N. Pope
Louisa Sweet-Escott
6–2, 6–4
Ada Meyler
Jessie Meyler
7 Jul.Staffordshire Lawn Tennis Tournament
Coton Hill Institution Grounds
Stafford, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Agnes Watts
6–1, 0–6, 6–4
Bertha Steedman
Bertha Steedman
Ernest Wool Lewis
6–4, 6–1
Mary Steedman
John Redfern Deykin
19 Jul.Leamington Open Tournament
Leamington Spa, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Alice Pickering
4–6, 6–1, 6–2
Mrs Christie
19 Jul. Lottie Dod
6–2, 6–0
Miss Howes D. Patterson
Miss Phillimore
Miss Canning
Blanche Williams
Challenger
Blanche Hillyard
24 Jul.Meadow Club Invitation[40]
Meadow Club
Southampton, United States
Grass
Singles - Doubles
E. K. Lente
6–4, 5–6, 6–4
A Smallwood May Colby
M. Lente
Mrs Babbitt
J Fraser
E. W. Smith
N Trowbridge
E. K. Lente
A. Smallwood
6–1, 6–1
May Colby
J Fraser
Miss Betts
Henry Slocum
6–4, 11–9
Miss Gregory
Oliver Samuel Campbell
28 JulYorkshire Association and County Open Tournament
Ilkley LTC
Ilkley, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Margaret Bracewell
3–6, 6–0, 7–5
Gertrude Bracewell
L. Chatterton-Clarke
M. Crossley
Miss Hutchinson
Challenger
Beatrice Wood
Margaret Bracewell
James Baldwin
default
Gertrude Bracewell
Marmaduke S. Constable
Middlesex Championships
Chiswick, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Blanche Hillyard
6–2, 6–4
Edith Cole Ethel Gurney
Miss Malcolm
Mrs Anderson
Miss Howes
May Jacks
H. James
Challenger
D Patterson (holder)
Edith Gurney
Blanche Hillyard
6–1, 6–3
D Patterson
J Wray
29 Jul. Ealing LTC Championship
Ealing LTC
Ealing, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
A. Francesca Brown
Won
?

August

EndedTournamentWinnerFinalistSemifinalistQuarterfinalist
4 Aug.Northumberland Championships[41]
Newcastle upon Tyne, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Connie Butler
3–6, 6–4, 6–4
Mrs Raggett
Miss Swarbreck
Miss Tarver
A. Turner
Ann Dod
John Galbraith Horn
walkover
Helen Jackson
Charles Liddell
6 AugDerbyshire Championships[42]
Buxton, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Blanche Hillyard
7–5, 6–1
Gertrude Bracewell
M. Goodman
Margaret Bracewell
M. Crossley
Katherine Hill
Miss Pickthall
Lottie Dod
May Langrishe
6–3, 6–3
Bertha Steedman
Mary Steedman
Lottie Dod
William Drummond Hamilton
6–0, 6–1
Margaret Bracewell
Tom Campion
Staten Island Invitation
Staten Island Athletic Club
West New Brighton, United States
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Adeline Robinson
6–1, 6–1
G. Quartley A. Larkin
L. Vorhees
L. Bailey
Miss Dean
N. Janssen
Gertrude Williams
Adeline Robinson
Gertrude Williams
6–0, 6–1
M. Bailey
G. Quartley
9 AugDarlington Association Tournament[43]
Feethams Cricket Ground
Darlington, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Beatrice Wood
3–6, 6–0, 6–3
Ann Dod
Miss Lucas
5–7, 6–4, 6–2
Ethel Cheese
Mary Cheese
Ann Dod
John Galbraith Horn
7–5, 13–11
Constance Bowes-Lyon
Patrick Bowes-Lyon
10 Aug Lydia Cheetham
5–7, 6–3, 6–2
Florence Haines
Miss Allen
J.E.R. Allen
1–6, 6–1, 6–4
E. Haines
Edgar J. Chippendale
East Grinstead Lawn Tennis Tournament[45]
East Grinstead LTCC
East Grinstead, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Ivy Arbuthnot
May Arbuthnot
divided title
Ivy Arbuthnot
May Arbuthnot
6–1, 6–0
Miss Birch
Miss Thompson
A. Covey
Harold Stone
7–5, 6–3
J. Saint Clair
P.E. Wallis
11 AugExmouth Tournament[46]
Exmouth Ground
Exmouth, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Blanche Hillyard
6–3, 6–1
Miss Bryan Katharine Kindersley
Lilian Pine-Coffin
Edith Gurney
Beatrice Langrishe
May Langrishe
Florence Mardall
Ann Dod
Miss Lucas
5–7, 6–4, 6–2
Ethel Cheese
Mary Cheese
17 AugBritish Columbia Lawn Tennis Championships
Victoria LTC
Victoria, Canada
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Frances Arrowsmith
Won
Anastasia Musgrave
18 AugEast of Scotland Championships
St Andrews, Scotland
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Jane Meikle
6–3, 6–4
A Corbett
Felixstowe Open Lawn Tennis Tournament
Felixstowe LTC
Felixstowe, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Nellie Turner
4–6, 6–2, 10–8
F Green
Helen Kersey
Herbert Kersey
6–3, 6–0
Mrs K.E. Hawkins
Arthur B. Longe
20 AugNarragansett Pier Open[47]
Narragansett, United States
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Adeline Robinson
6–0, 6–1, 6–0
Ellen Roosevelt
Oliver Samuel Campbell
6–2, 6–2, 4–6, 6–3
Adeline Robinson
Howard Augustus Taylor
23 AugSaxmundham LTC Tournament
Hurts Hall Park
Saxmundham, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Miss Norman
6–1, 6–2
E. Hawkins
G. Rant
6–2, 6–3
K. Gilbert
E. Rawlinson
Miss Norman
G. Norman
6–0, 6–2
E. Rawlinson
Rodwell
24 AugTorquay Lawn Tennis Tournament
Torquay, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Miss Mockler
A. Foley
Edith Gurney
Ernest Wool Lewis
6–1, 6–2
Miss Wolfe
William Inchbald
25 AugHitchin Tournament
Hitchin, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
May Jacks
6–0, 6–3
Ivy Arbuthnot
May Arbuthnot
6–3, 3–6, 9–7
Geraldine Buttanshaw
Rosamond Buttanshaw
May Jacks
Herbert C. Yockney
6–3, 6–3
Geraldine Buttanshaw
Charles Gladstone Allen
South of Scotland Championships
Moffat, Scotland
Grass
Singles - Doubles
E. Malcolm
6–4, 3–6, 6–3
E. Malcolm
Lottie Paterson
6–2, 6–2
Miss Pierce
A Pierce
E. Malcolm
F.R.B. Pinhorn
6–1, 4–6, 6–2
Lottie Paterson
B McCulloch
26 Aug.Southern California Championships
Santa Monica Casino Courts
Santa Monica, United States
Asphalt
Singles - Doubles
Miss G. Gilliland
6–2, 6–0
May Carter Miss Schumacher
Mrs. Waring
R. P. Carter
6–2, 6–3
Miss Gilliland
Miss Schumacher
27 AugCounty Kildare Championship[48]
Naas, Ireland
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Miss. A. Weldon
6–1, 6–4
Miss. C. DeBurgh
Miss. A. Weldon
John C. Kennedy
6–4, 7–5, 6–2
Mrs Ambrose Escott
G. Weidon
28 AugNorth of England Championships
Scarborough, Great Britain
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Margaret Bracewell
1–6, 6–4, 9–7, 6–4
Connie Butler Mary Steedman
Beatrice Wood
Ann Dod
M Crossley
Clara Hill
A. Turner
Challenger
Bertha Steedman
Ann Dod
Lottie Dod
6–3, 6–4
Bertha Steedman
Mary Steedman
Margaret Bracewell
Harry Grove
6–3, 6–1
Gertrude Bracewell
Percy Bateman Brown
Seabright Invitational Tournament
Seabright LTCC
Rumson, United States
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Miss Clarkson
6–2, 6–0
B. Lockwood
B. Lockwood
H. Alexander
4–6, 6–3, 6–0
Miss Thomas
W. Ward
Winnipeg Open Lawn Tennis Tournament[49]
Winnipeg LTC
Winnipeg, Canada
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Miss F. Adams
6–5, 6–3
Mrs. Eden
Mrs. Ruttan
R.D. Applegate
6–3, 6–4
Mrs. Nares
Mr. Tuckweel

September

EndedTournamentWinnerFinalistSemifinalistQuarterfinalist
1 Sep.Bournemouth Lawn Tennis Club Tournament
Bournemouth CLTC
Bournemouth, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
May Langrishe
6–1, 7–5
Beatrice Langrishe Miss Elphinston
Miss Williams
A. Everitt
Grace Grissell
J.R. Robinson
Mrs Surman
Holder
Constance Bryan
Beatrice Langrishe
May Langrishe
4–6, 6–4, 6–1
Miss Bryan
A. Everitt
3 Sep.Sheffield and Hallamshire Tournament
Sheffield, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Miss Clark
6–1, 6–2
Miss Crossley
11 SepSouth of England Championships
Devonshire Park LTC
Eastbourne, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Blanche Hillyard
6–1, 6–1
Constance Smith E. Malcolm
Gertrude Mellersh
Edith Gurney
Elizabeth Mocatta
Blanche Pedley
Catherine Triscott
Margaret Bracewell
Harry S. Barlow
6–8, 6–2, 6–3
Blanche Hillyard
Tom Campion
13 SepBoulogne International Championship
TC Boulogne-sur-Mer
Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
Clay
Singles - Doubles
Mrs Knock
2–6, 6–2, 7–5
Miss Hick
15 SepArmagh Lawn Tennis Tournament[50]
Archery LTC
Armagh, Ireland
Asphalt
Singles - Doubles
Lena Rice
2–1 sets
May Langrishe
16 SepWijk aan Zee Ladies Tournament
(round robin event)
Wijk aan Zee TC
Wijk aan Zee, Netherlands
Clay
Singles - Doubles
E. van de Poll
2–0 matches
Baronesse van Tuijll van Serooskerker
Mej. Matzen
Essex Championships[51]
Connaught Club
Chingford, England
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Miss Triscott
6–4, 0–6, 6–4
Brenda James
18 SepNew Hamburg Invitation[52]
New Hamburg LTC
New Hamburg, United States
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Ellen Roosevelt
Won
May Colby Anna Kerr
Ellen Roosevelt
Grace Roosevelt
Won
Miss V. Hobart
Camilla Moss
19 SepNew York Tennis Club Fall Open[53]
New York Tennis Club
New York City, United States
Clay
Singles - Doubles
No Women's Singles May Colby
Mrs H.G. Badgley
Lida Vorhees
5–6, 6–1, 6–4
Miss Hobart
V. Hobart
Belmont Fall Tennis Tournament[54]
Belmont Cricket Club
West Philadelphia, United States
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Bertha Townsend
9–7, 8–6
Nellie F. Hansell
Helen S. Taylor
Laura Knight
6–0, 6–5
Millie Dreka
Helen Brown
22 Sep.Queensland Association Tournament
(later Queensland Championships)
Brisbane, Australia
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Miss Earle
12–9
Mrs. Gilligan
29 SepHudson River Championships[55]
Far & Near LTC
Hastings-on-Hudson, United States
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Ellen Roosevelt
Won
?
Ellen Roosevelt
Grace Roosevelt
Won
?
?

October

EndedTournamentWinnerFinalistSemi finalist Quarter finalist
6 OctLadies Club for Outdoor Sports Open
Livingston, United States
Singles - Doubles
Adeline Robinson
4–6, 6–2, 6–3.
Miss Lesley
Ellen Roosevelt
Grace Roosevelt
6–2, 6–0
Adeline Robinson
G. Williams
14 OctDelaware Field Club Open[56]
Delaware Field Club
Wilmington, United States
Clay
Singles - Doubles
Florence Bayard
6–3, 6–0
Katharine Pyle

November

EndedTournamentWinnerFinalistSemifinalistQuarterfinalist
1 Nov.Victorian Championships
Melbourne, Australia
Grass
Singles - Doubles
Miss M Mayne
6–1, 3–6, 6–4
E. M. Denny's
Mabel Shaw
Annie Chenery
Annie Chenery
Nellie Chenery
6–4, 6–5
Ellen Mayne
Phenie Shaw
Nellie A'Beckett
Henry F. de Little
Won
?

December

EndedTournamentWinnerFinalistSemifinalistQuarterfinalist
30 DecNew Zealand Championships[57]
Farndon Park
Napier, New Zealand
Singles - Doubles
E. Gordon
6–5, 9–7
Sarah Tanner
Miss Weby
Miss Bibby
Una Hitchings
E Gordon
Hilda Hitchings
6–2, 6–2
Miss Hill
Mrs E Tanner
E Gordon
Frederick Wilding
6–1, 6–3
Hilda Hitchings
CD Kennedy

Tournament winners (singles)

This is a list of winners by the total number of singles titles won for 1888 major titles in bold:

Statistical summary

Singles

Sources

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Garcia . Gabriel . Season: 1888 . The Tennis Base . Tennismem SAL . 6 December 2023 . Madrid, Spain. subscription.
  2. Book: Lake . Robert J. . Tennis governance from: Routledge Handbook of Tennis, History, Culture and Politics . 19 Feb 2019 . Routledge . Oxford . 341 .
  3. Lake. p.343.
  4. Book: Someren . Janine van . Women's Sporting Lives: A biographical study of elite amateur tennis players at Wimbledon. A thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy . December 2010 . University of Southampton Research Repository . Southampton, England . 28–32 . 3: The Amateur Tennis Circuit.
  5. Someren p.35.
  6. Someren p.31.
  7. Berry. David (2020). A people's history of tennis. (2) Feminists. Pluto Books London . p.37.
  8. https://www.rte.ie/lifestyle/living/2016/0704/800041-documentary-on-one-from-waterford-and-wimbledon-to-monaco-and-m/ Irish TV Documentary (4 Jul 2016). The True Tale Of The Irish Tennis Murderer. Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTE). Dublin. Ireland.
  9. News: THE IRISH LAWN TENNIS CHAMPIONSHIPS . 10 December 2023 . . . 28 May 1888 . Antrim, Northern Ireland . 8.
  10. Northern Whig (May 1888)
  11. Book: Collins, Bud. Bud Collins

    . Bud Collins. The Bud Collins History of Tennis. 2010. New Chapter Press. New York. 978-0942257700. 2nd. 453–454, 465, 476.

  12. News: LAWN TENNIS. THE NORTHERN CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENT . 10 December 2023 . . British Newspaper Archive . 25 Jun 1888 . Manchester, Lancashire, England . 3 . en.
  13. Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser
  14. News: SCOTTISH CHAMPIONSHIPS . 10 December 2023 . Sporting Gazette . British Newspaper Archive . 23 June 1888 . London, England . 15.
  15. News: WELSH CHAMPIONSHIPS. FINALS . 10 December 2023 . Sporting Gazette . British Newspaper Archive . 30 June 1888 . London, England . 24.
  16. Web site: The Championships 1888 - Ladies' All-Comers' Singles . Wimbledon . AELTC . 6 December 2023 . London, England.
  17. Book: Robertson, Max. The Encyclopedia of Tennis. 1974. Allen & Unwin. London. 9780047960420. 266, 267.
  18. Book: Meyers. A. Wallis. Lawn Tennis at Home and Abroad. 1903. Charles Scribner and Sons. New York. 55.
  19. Book: Lake. Robert J.. A Social History of Tennis in Britain. 2014. Routledge. 9781134445578. 49. en.
  20. Book: Nauright. John. Parrish. Charles. Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. 2012. ABC-CLIO. Santa Barbara, Calif.. 9781598843002. 198.
  21. Book: Gillmeister. Heiner. Tennis:Cultural History. 1998. A&C Black. London. 9780718501952. 199.
  22. Book: Mazak. Karoly. The Concise History of Tennis. 2017. Independently published. 9781549746475. 5–36. English.
  23. Book: Lake. Robert J.. A Social History of Tennis in Britain: Volume 5 of Routledge Research in Sports History. 2014. Routledge. 9781134445578. 48.
  24. News: Silva . Revatha . 103rd Tennis Nationals – The past champions . 10 December 2023 . The Morning . 23 August 2018 . Colombo, Sri Lanka.
  25. News: Intercolonial Lawn Tennis Tournament 7th Day . 10 December 2023 . . . 8 May 1888 . Sydney, Australia . 8 . en.
  26. News: LAWN TENNIS. West of Scotland Championship . 10 December 2023 . . . 28 May 1888 . Lanarkshire, Scotland . 14.
  27. Web site: Tournaments: Flushing Athletic Club Championship. The Tennis Base . Tennismem SL . December 6, 2023. subscription.
  28. News: Tennis at Flushing, Long Island . 10 December 2023 . Times Union . newspapers.com . 26 May 1888 . Brooklyn, New York . 1 . en.
  29. News: LAWN TENNIS. IRISH LAWN TENNIS CHAMPIONSHIP . 10 December 2023 . . British Newspaper Archive . 28 May 1888 . Yorkshire, England . 7.
  30. News: Celebrated at Oak View . 10 December 2023 . . newspapers.com . 3 Jun 1888 . Washington, D.C. . 1 . en.
  31. News: BATH LAWN TENNIS WEEK: FINAL ROUND. CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE WEST OF ENGLAND. . 10 December 2023 . . British Newspaper Archive . 2 June 1888 . Bristol, England . 8.
  32. Web site: The John Player Nottingham Tennis Tournament: Record of Winners Nottingham Lawn Tennis Tournament (1887-1970) . Nottingham Castle LTC . Notts Lawn Tennis Association . 24 November 2023 . 1–7 . 7 June 1971.
  33. Web site: Kent All-Comers’ Championships 1886-1996 . www.beckenhamtennisclub.co.uk/ . Beckenham Lawn Tennis Club . 9 December 2023 . Beckenham, England.
  34. News: LAWN TENNIS. Welsh Championship . 10 December 2023 . . . 23 June 1888 . Monmouthshire, Wales . 6.
  35. News: Lawn Tennis: Championship of London . 10 December 2023 . Sporting Gazette . British Newspaper Archive . 23 June 1888 . London, England . 15.
  36. News: LAWN TENNIS. NORTHERN CHAMPIONSHIP TOURNAMENT. . 10 December 2023 . . British Newspaper Archive . 25 June 1888 . Yorkshire, England . 8.
  37. News: WATERLOO LAWN TENNIS WEEK . 10 December 2023 . . British Newspaper Archive . 30 June 1888 . Lancashire, England . 5.
  38. News: MIDLAND COUNTIES LAWN TENNIS WEEK . 10 December 2023 . . British Newspaper Archive . 30 June 1888 . Warwickshire, England . 6.
  39. Web site: The Championships 1888 - Ladies' All-Comers' Singles . Wimbledon . AELTC . 9 December 2023.
  40. Valentine G. Hall, "Lawn Tennis in America" (1889), p.32-35
  41. News: NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY OPEN TOURNAMENT . 10 December 2023 . . British Newspaper Archive . 4 August 1888 . Northumberland, England . 7.
  42. News: LAWN TENNIS ... Ladies' Singles Open Championship of Derbyshire . 10 December 2023 . . British Newspaper Archive . 8 August 1888 . Derbyshire, England . 3.
  43. News: LAWN TENNIS. DARLINGTON TOURNAMENT. . 10 December 2023 . . British Newspaper Archive . 9 August 1888 . Yorkshire, England.
  44. News: LAWN TENNIS. KESWICK AND LAKES DISTRICT TOURNAMENT. . 10 December 2023 . . British Newspaper Archive . 13 August 1888 . Yorkshire, England . 8.
  45. News: LAWN TENNIS. EAST GRINSTEAD OPEN TOURNAMENT. . 10 December 2023 . . British Newspaper Archive . 11 August 1888 . London, England . 3.
  46. News: LAWN TENNIS. EXMOUTH LAWN TENNIS TOURNAMENT. . 10 December 2023 . . British Newspaper Archive . 13 August 1888 . Devon, England . 6.
  47. Valentine G. Hall, Lawn Tennis in America (1889), p.3
  48. News: LAWN TENNIS. County Kildare Tournament . 10 December 2023 . . . 27 Aug 1888 . Dublin, Republic of Ireland . 7 . en.
  49. News: SUMMER SPORTING. LAWN TENNIS . 10 December 2023 . . . 30 Aug 1888 . Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. . 7 . en.
  50. News: LAWN TENNIS. ARMAGH LAWN TENNIS TOURNAMENT. . 10 December 2023 . . . 17 September 1888 . Antrim, Northern Ireland . 3.
  51. News: LAWN TENNIS. THE ESSEX CHAMPIONSHIP AND OPEN TOURNAMENT. . 10 December 2023 . Essex Weekly News . . 21 September 1888 . Essex, England . 3.
  52. Gill Hall, Valentine. (1889). Lawn Tennis in America: Biographical Sketches of All the Prominent Players ... Knotty Points, and All the Latest Rules and Directions Governing Handicaps, Umpires, and Rules for Playing. D.W. Granbery & Company. New York, NY. p.17.
  53. News: NEW YORK TENNIS CLUB TOURNAMENT . 10 December 2023 . . newspapers.com . 21 Sep 1888 . New York City, New York . 8 . en.
  54. News: Belmont Tennis Tournament Unfinished . 10 December 2023 . . newspapers.com . 19 Sep 1888 . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . 1 . en.
  55. Gill Hall, Valentine. (1889). Lawn Tennis in America: Biographical Sketches of All the Prominent Players ... Knotty Points, and All the Latest Rules and Directions Governing Handicaps, Umpires, and Rules for Playing. D.W. Granbery & Company. New York, NY. p.52.
  56. News: TENNIS TOURNAMENT . 9 December 2023 . . newspapers.com . 2 Oct 1888 . Wilmington, Delaware . 4 . en.
  57. Web site: Tennis NZ Roll of Honour . Tennis Kiwi . Tennis New Zealand . 10 December 2023 . 18, 19, 20 . 2020.