1888 in animation explained

Events in 1888 in animation.

Events

• December 1: Charles-Émile Reynaud files a patent for his animated moving picture system Théâtre Optique. The patent was issued on 14 January 1889. Reynaud in the 1888 patent: "The aim of the apparatus is to obtain the illusion of motion, which is no longer limited to the repetition of the same poses at each turn of the instrument, as is necessary in all known apparatus (Zootropes, Praxinoscopes, etc.), but Having, on the contrary, an indefinite variety and duration, and thus producing real scenes animated by unlimited development. Hence the name of Optical Theater given by the inventor to this apparatus" (translated from French).^[1]
• Date uncertain - Charles-Émile Reynaud creates the animated film Un bon bock (A Good Beer). It consisted of 700 individually painted 6 x 6 cm pictures in a 50 meter long flexible strip. Reynaud manipulated the speed and repeated movements by moving the film back and forth through the projector to tell a visual story that lasted close to fifteen minutes. The film would not be exhibited to the public until 1892.^{[2] [3]}

Births

January

• January 22: Win Smith, Canadian-American animator and comics artist (Penguin Pete, Looney Luke, Mickey Mouse, Looney Tunes), (d. 1941).^[4]

February

• February 1: Manuel Urda Marín, Spanish comics artist and animator, (d. 1974).^[5]

March

• March 3: Seitarō Kitayama, Japanese animation director, credited with the first examples of commercial production of anime, (directed animated adaptations of The Crab and the Monkey, Urashima Tarō, and Momotarō), (d. 1945).^{[6] [7]}
• March 12: Hall Johnson, American composer and choirmaster (voice of the Deacon Crow in Dumbo), (d. 1970).^[8]

April

• April 6: Hans Richter, German film producer of animated films, painter, graphic artist, and art historian (pioneer of abstract animation, directed the animated short films Rhythmus 21, and Ghosts Before Breakfast), (d. 1976).^{[9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]}

September

• September 12: Maurice Chevalier, French actor and singer (sang the title song in The Aristocats), (d. 1972).^{[15] [16] [17]}

October

• October 3: Claud Allister, English actor (voice of Sir Giles in The Reluctant Dragon, and Mr. Rat in The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad), (d. 1970).^{[18] [19]}

December

• December 24: Yuri Zhelyabuzhsky, Russian animator, cinematographer, film director, and screenwriter, (directed The Skating Rink, one of the first traditionally animated Soviet cartoons, and Bolvashka's Adventures, the first Soviet short film that combined live-action and stop motion animation), (d. 1955).^{[20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26]}

Sources

• Book: Bendazzi, Giannalberto . Giannalberto Bendazzi . Cartoons: One hundred years of cinema animation . . 1994 . 0253209374.
• Rossell . Deac . A Chronology of Cinema, 1889-1896 . Film History . . 1995 . 7 . 2 . 115–236 . 3815166 .
• Derek Spring & Richard Taylor. Stalinism and Soviet Cinema. Routledge, 2013.

Notes and References

1. Book: Reynaud, Émile. Brevet d'invention N° 194 482. 1888-12-01.
2. Web site: Charles-Émile Reynaud . Who's Who of Victorian Cinema . 2007-03-11.
3. Emile Reynaud: First Motion Picture Cartoonist. 3814977. Myrent. Glenn. Film History. 1989. 3. 3. 191–202.
4. Web site: Win Smith. lambiek.net. May 18, 2020.
5. Web site: Manuel Urda. lambiek.net. May 20, 2020.
6. Web site: Japan finds films by early "anime" pioneers . Reuters . 6 July 2013.
7. Web site: Some remarks on the first Japanese animation films in 1917. Frederick S. Litten. 2014-01-02.
8. Web site: AFROCENTRIC VOICES: Hall Johnson Biography. www.afrovoices.com. May 20, 2020.
9. Web site: Hans Richter - Film Ist Rhythm: Rhythmus 21 (c1921). Vimeo.
10. Book: Rogowski, Christian. The Many Faces of Weimar Cinema: Rediscovering Germany's Filmic Legacy. 12 December 2018. Camden House. 9781571134295. Google Books.
11. Web site: CEC — eContact! 15.4 — Visual Music by Maura McDonnell. Maura. McDonnell. CEC - Canadian Electroacoustic Community.
12. Web site: New York Times: Ghosts Before Breakfast . https://web.archive.org/web/20110520075215/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/19686/Ghosts-Before-Breakfast/overview . dead . 20 May 2011 . Movies & TV Dept. . . Matthew Tobey . 2011 . 24 July 2008.
13. Book: Wilke, Tobias. Medien der Unmittelbarkeit. 2010. Wilhelm Fink. Munich. 978-3-7705-4923-8. 62. German.
14. Web site: Biographie . Deutsche . Richter, Hans - Deutsche Biographie . 2023-06-25 . www.deutsche-biographie.de . de.
15. News: Marice Chevalier Dead; Singer and Actor Was 83. February 14, 1972. The New York Times.
16. Web site: Maurice Chevalier. October 25, 2019.
17. Book: Freedland . Michael . Maurice Chevalier . 1981 . Morrow . New York . 0688006523. 1st.
18. Web site: Claud Allister. https://web.archive.org/web/20160306090658/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9fb1b97d. dead. March 6, 2016.
19. Web site: Claude Allister - Broadway Cast & Staff - IBDB. The Broadway. League. www.ibdb.com.
20. https://electro.nekrasovka.ru/books/6174585/pages/3 Vechernjaja Moskva, 25.10.1955
21. Book: Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Cinema. Peter Rollberg. Rowman & Littlefield. 2009. US. 978-0-8108-6072-8. 762–764.
22. Spring & Taylor p.236
23. Cinema: Encyclopedic Dictionary // main editor Sergei Yutkevich (1987). — Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 640 pages
24. http://animator.ru/db/?ver=eng&p=show_person&pid=2938&sp=2 Yuri Zhelyabuzhsky
25. Giannalberto Bendazzi (2016). Animation: A World History: Volume I: Foundations - The Golden Age at Google Books
26. Semyon Ginzburg. Bolvashka's Adventures article from the Hand-Drawn and Stop-Motion Animated Films book (1957) (in Russian)