1888 United States presidential election in Georgia explained

See main article: 1888 United States presidential election.

Election Name:	1888 United States presidential election in Georgia
Country:	Georgia (U.S. state)
Flag Year:	1879
Type:	presidential
Vote Type:	Popular
Ongoing:	no
Previous Election:	1884 United States presidential election in Georgia
Previous Year:	1884
Next Election:	1892 United States presidential election in Georgia
Next Year:	1892
Image1:	StephenGroverCleveland.png
Nominee1:	Grover Cleveland
Party1:	Democratic Party (United States)
Home State1:	New York
Running Mate1:	Allen G. Thurman
Electoral Vote1:	12
Popular Vote1:	100,493
Percentage1:	70.31%
Nominee2:	Benjamin Harrison
Party2:	Republican Party (United States)
Home State2:	Indiana
Running Mate2:	Levi P. Morton
Electoral Vote2:	0
Popular Vote2:	40,499
Percentage2:	28.33%
Map Size:	290px
President
Before Election:	Grover Cleveland
Before Party:	Democratic Party (United States)
Posttitle:	Elected President
After Election:	Benjamin Harrison
After Party:	Republican Party (United States)

The 1888 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the wider United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Following Reconstruction, Georgia would be the first former Confederate state to substantially disenfranchise its newly enfranchised freedmen and many poor whites, doing so in the early 1870s.^[1] This largely limited the Republican Party to a few North Georgia counties with substantial Civil War Unionist sentiment – chiefly Fannin but also to a lesser extent Pickens, Gilmer and Towns^[2] – and in presidential elections to a small number of counties where blacks were not fully disenfranchised. The Democratic Party served as the guardian of white supremacy against a Republican Party historically associated with memories of Reconstruction, and the main competition became Democratic primaries, which were restricted to whites on the grounds of the Democratic Party being legally a private club.^[3] This restriction was done by local county laws, but combined with the highly efficacious cumulative poll tax introduced in 1877 meant that turnout declined steadily throughout the 1880s,^[4] unlike any other former Confederate state except South Carolina.

Despite economic problems in the mountain counties due to deflation produced by the gold standard and large-scale government spending reductions by the “Redeemer” Democrats,^[5] voter turnout, especially for opposition parties, would maintain its poll tax-driven decline until the Populist movement, which did not affect the 1888 election. Consequently, Cleveland would gain five percent on his 1884 percentage in Georgia as opposition turnout fell by one-seventh.

Results

1888 United States presidential election in Georgia^[6]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Electoral votes
	Democratic	Grover Cleveland (incumbent)	100,493	70.31%	12
	Republican	Benjamin Harrison	40,499	28.33%	0
	Prohibition	Clinton Fisk	1,808	1.26%	0
	Union Labor	Alson Streeter	136	0.10%	0

Results by county

County	Stephen Grover Cleveland^[7] Democratic		Benjamin Harrison Republican		Clinton Bowen Fisk^[8] Prohibition		Margin		Total votes cast
		%		%		%		%
	Appling		531		70.33%		219		29.01%		5		0.66%		312		41.32%		755
	Baker		346		88.95%		43		11.05%		0		0.00%		303		77.89%		389
	Baldwin		403		59.18%		271		39.79%		7		1.03%		132		19.38%		681
	Banks		807		78.27%		210		20.37%		14		1.36%		597		57.90%		1,031
	Bartow		916		71.01%		290		22.48%		84		6.51%		626		48.53%		1,290
	Berrien		721		97.96%		11		1.49%		4		0.54%		710		96.47%		736
	Bibb		2,215		64.11%		1,121		32.45%		119		3.44%		1,094		31.66%		3,455
	Brooks		828		58.27%		580		40.82%		13		0.91%		248		17.45%		1,421
	Bryan		214		94.27%		12		5.29%		1		0.44%		202		88.99%		227
	Bulloch		1,061		96.02%		42		3.80%		2		0.18%		1,019		92.22%		1,105
	Burke		684		73.39%		248		26.61%		0		0.00%		436		46.78%		932
	Butts		603		68.91%		245		28.00%		27		3.09%		358		40.91%		875
	Calhoun		451		100.00%		0		0.00%		0		0.00%		451		100.00%		451
	Camden		188		36.86%		317		62.16%		5		0.98%		-129		-25.29%		510
	Campbell		778		70.73%		321		29.18%		1		0.09%		457		41.55%		1,100
	Carroll		1,710		80.89%		349		16.51%		55		2.60%		1,361		64.38%		2,114
	Catoosa		428		77.12%		106		19.10%		21		3.78%		322		58.02%		555
	Charlton		113		65.32%		58		33.53%		2		1.16%		55		31.79%		173
	Chatham		3,920		73.52%		1,355		25.41%		57		1.07%		2,565		48.11%		5,332
	Chattahoochee		145		86.83%		22		13.17%		0		0.00%		123		73.65%		167
	Chattooga		638		77.80%		180		21.95%		2		0.24%		458		55.85%		820
	Cherokee		1,575		76.72%		459		22.36%		19		0.93%		1,116		54.36%		2,053
	Clarke		801		54.60%		660		44.99%		6		0.41%		141		9.61%		1,467
	Clay		554		65.80%		287		34.09%		1		0.12%		267		31.71%		842
	Clayton		604		72.95%		224		27.05%		0		0.00%		380		45.89%		828
	Clinch		435		78.52%		115		20.76%		4		0.72%		320		57.76%		554
	Cobb		1,143		73.18%		391		25.03%		28		1.79%		752		48.14%		1,562
	Coffee		294		72.06%		110		26.96%		4		0.98%		184		45.10%		408
	Colquitt		255		97.70%		4		1.53%		2		0.77%		251		96.17%		261
	Columbia		397		98.51%		0		0.00%		6		1.49%		391		97.02%		403
	Coweta		1,476		59.71%		990		40.05%		6		0.24%		486		19.66%		2,472
	Crawford		442		94.24%		26		5.54%		1		0.21%		416		88.70%		469
	Dade		465		83.48%		89		15.98%		3		0.54%		376		67.50%		557
	Dawson		513		59.38%		340		39.35%		11		1.27%		173		20.02%		864
	DeKalb		1,021		75.80%		313		23.24%		13		0.97%		708		52.56%		1,347
	Decatur		1,287		72.75%		482		27.25%		0		0.00%		805		45.51%		1,769
	Dodge		496		54.27%		406		44.42%		12		1.31%		90		9.85%		914
	Dooly		787		67.04%		386		32.88%		1		0.09%		401		34.16%		1,174
	Dougherty		815		78.21%		222		21.31%		5		0.48%		593		56.91%		1,042
	Douglas		493		76.08%		151		23.30%		4		0.62%		342		52.78%		648
	Early		467		61.85%		288		38.15%		0		0.00%		179		23.71%		755
	Echols		150		75.76%		43		21.72%		5		2.53%		107		54.04%		198
	Effingham		362		64.07%		189		33.45%		14		2.48%		173		30.62%		565
	Elbert		774		95.67%		11		1.36%		24		2.97%		750		92.71%		809
	Emanuel		658		95.50%		30		4.35%		1		0.15%		628		91.15%		689
	Fannin		374		34.89%		692		64.55%		6		0.56%		-318		-29.66%		1,072
	Fayette		690		77.09%		204		22.79%		1		0.11%		486		54.30%		895
	Floyd		1,145		65.50%		585		33.47%		18		1.03%		560		32.04%		1,748
	Forsyth		1,579		87.72%		209		11.61%		12		0.67%		1,370		76.11%		1,800
	Franklin		606		79.84%		121		15.94%		32		4.22%		485		63.90%		759
	Fulton		2,750		53.43%		2,164		42.04%		233		4.53%		586		11.39%		5,147
	Gilmer		556		49.60%		543		48.44%		22		1.96%		13		1.16%		1,121
	Glascock		290		86.57%		45		13.43%		0		0.00%		245		73.13%		335
	Glynn		601		49.59%		582		48.02%		29		2.39%		19		1.57%		1,212
	Gordon		852		84.61%		119		11.82%		36		3.57%		733		72.79%		1,007
	Greene		803		52.38%		714		46.58%		16		1.04%		89		5.81%		1,533
	Gwinnett		2,004		90.56%		186		8.40%		23		1.04%		1,818		82.15%		2,213
	Habersham		830		80.82%		188		18.31%		9		0.88%		642		62.51%		1,027
	Hall		2,170		87.29%		274		11.02%		42		1.69%		1,896		76.27%		2,486
	Hancock		596		77.00%		177		22.87%		1		0.13%		419		54.13%		774
	Haralson		493		82.86%		93		15.63%		9		1.51%		400		67.23%		595
	Harris		1,020		61.22%		633		38.00%		13		0.78%		387		23.23%		1,666
	Hart		674		86.97%		80		10.32%		21		2.71%		594		76.65%		775
	Heard		629		76.43%		188		22.84%		6		0.73%		441		53.58%		823
	Henry		1,136		67.90%		512		30.60%		25		1.49%		624		37.30%		1,673
	Houston		949		66.93%		466		32.86%		3		0.21%		483		34.06%		1,418
	Irwin		245		88.77%		31		11.23%		0		0.00%		214		77.54%		276
	Jackson		2,180		80.80%		506		18.75%		12		0.44%		1,674		62.05%		2,698
	Jasper		588		76.86%		177		23.14%		0		0.00%		411		53.73%		765
	Jefferson		816		85.80%		130		13.67%		5		0.53%		686		72.13%		951
	Johnson		379		73.45%		124		24.03%		13		2.52%		255		49.42%		516
	Jones		531		54.41%		443		45.39%		2		0.20%		88		9.02%		976
	Laurens		839		78.41%		222		20.75%		9		0.84%		617		57.66%		1,070
	Lee		178		30.48%		405		69.35%		1		0.17%		-227		-38.87%		584
	Liberty		477		39.75%		708		59.00%		15		1.25%		-231		-19.25%		1,200
	Lincoln		446		99.78%		0		0.00%		1		0.22%		445		99.55%		447
	Lowndes		767		53.75%		643		45.06%		17		1.19%		124		8.69%		1,427
	Lumpkin		440		57.14%		317		41.17%		13		1.69%		123		15.97%		770
	Macon		683		68.03%		320		31.87%		1		0.10%		363		36.16%		1,004
	Madison		583		80.19%		144		19.81%		0		0.00%		439		60.39%		727
	Marion		543		85.11%		94		14.73%		1		0.16%		449		70.38%		638
	McDuffie		389		99.23%		3		0.77%		0		0.00%		386		98.47%		392
	McIntosh		192		22.20%		673		77.80%		0		0.00%		-481		-55.61%		865
	Meriwether		991		68.16%		452		31.09%		11		0.76%		539		37.07%		1,454
	Miller		170		94.97%		9		5.03%		0		0.00%		161		89.94%		179
	Milton		895		93.42%		56		5.85%		7		0.73%		839		87.58%		958
	Mitchell		650		59.96%		433		39.94%		1		0.09%		217		20.02%		1,084
	Monroe		1,420		75.25%		466		24.70%		1		0.05%		954		50.56%		1,887
	Montgomery		480		71.54%		178		26.53%		13		1.94%		302		45.01%		671
	Morgan		506		70.28%		210		29.17%		4		0.56%		296		41.11%		720
	Murray		524		71.00%		199		26.96%		15		2.03%		325		44.04%		738
	Muscogee		1,107		63.84%		611		35.24%		16		0.92%		496		28.60%		1,734
	Newton		788		64.64%		398		32.65%		33		2.71%		390		31.99%		1,219
	Oconee		380		70.76%		156		29.05%		1		0.19%		224		41.71%		537
	Oglethorpe		550		98.92%		4		0.72%		2		0.36%		546		98.20%		556
	Paulding		592		75.41%		185		23.57%		8		1.02%		407		51.85%		785
	Pickens		368		31.78%		788		68.05%		2		0.17%		-420		-36.27%		1,158
	Pierce		366		64.66%		198		34.98%		2		0.35%		168		29.68%		566
	Pike		1,030		64.82%		514		32.35%		45		2.83%		516		32.47%		1,589
	Polk		587		55.17%		450		42.29%		27		2.54%		137		12.88%		1,064
	Pulaski		1,107		78.68%		298		21.18%		2		0.14%		809		57.50%		1,407
	Putnam		511		99.80%		0		0.00%		1		0.20%		510		99.61%		512
	Quitman		327		72.67%		122		27.11%		1		0.22%		205		45.56%		450
	Rabun		386		88.13%		43		9.82%		9		2.05%		343		78.31%		438
	Randolph		594		63.19%		327		34.79%		19		2.02%		267		28.40%		940
	Richmond		808		85.14%		113		11.91%		28		2.95%		695		73.23%		949
	Rockdale		568		66.51%		280		32.79%		6		0.70%		288		33.72%		854
	Schley		355		60.37%		233		39.63%		0		0.00%		122		20.75%		588
	Screven		1,161		82.40%		243		17.25%		5		0.35%		918		65.15%		1,409
	Spalding		1,039		68.94%		448		29.73%		20		1.33%		591		39.22%		1,507
	Stewart		662		82.54%		139		17.33%		1		0.12%		523		65.21%		802
	Sumter		940		58.93%		652		40.88%		3		0.19%		288		18.06%		1,595
	Talbot		575		59.34%		389		40.14%		5		0.52%		186		19.20%		969
	Taliaferro		391		65.71%		200		33.61%		4		0.67%		191		32.10%		595
	Tattnall		534		83.70%		102		15.99%		2		0.31%		432		67.71%		638
	Taylor		559		80.32%		123		17.67%		14		2.01%		436		62.64%		696
	Telfair		493		64.95%		234		30.83%		32		4.22%		259		34.12%		759
	Terrell		673		74.61%		228		25.28%		1		0.11%		445		49.33%		902
	Thomas		1,465		63.15%		838		36.12%		17		0.73%		627		27.03%		2,320
	Towns		275		49.64%		277		50.00%		2		0.36%		-2		-0.36%		554
	Troup		1,242		73.75%		435		25.83%		7		0.42%		807		47.92%		1,684
	Twiggs		299		65.00%		157		34.13%		4		0.87%		142		30.87%		460
	Union		547		55.36%		440		44.53%		1		0.10%		107		10.83%		988
	Upson		977		73.85%		345		26.08%		1		0.08%		632		47.77%		1,323
	Walker		718		72.53%		260		26.26%		12		1.21%		458		46.26%		990
	Walton		767		74.98%		235		22.97%		21		2.05%		532		52.00%		1,023
	Ware		369		64.51%		186		32.52%		17		2.97%		183		31.99%		572
	Warren		545		84.10%		100		15.43%		3		0.46%		445		68.67%		648
	Washington		1,351		69.78%		572		29.55%		13		0.67%		779		40.24%		1,936
	Wayne		317		67.88%		137		29.34%		13		2.78%		180		38.54%		467
	Webster		290		56.42%		224		43.58%		0		0.00%		66		12.84%		514
	White		494		77.31%		139		21.75%		6		0.94%		355		55.56%		639
	Whitfield		837		63.41%		421		31.89%		62		4.70%		416		31.52%		1,320
	Wilcox		357		82.45%		73		16.86%		3		0.69%		284		65.59%		433
	Wilkes		683		97.85%		0		0.00%		15		2.15%		668		95.70%		698
	Wilkinson		339		82.48%		69		16.79%		3		0.73%		270		65.69%		411
	Worth		547		72.26%		179		23.65%		31		4.10%		368		48.61%		757
Totals	100,493	70.37%	40,499	28.36%	1,808	1.27%	59,994	42.01%	142,800

Notes and References

1. Mickey, Robert W.; Paths Out of Dixie: The Democratization of Authoritarian Enclaves in America's Deep South, 1944-1972, p. 76
2. [Kevin Phillips (political commentator)|Phillips, Kevin P.]
3. Springer, Melanie Jean; How the States Shaped the Nation: American Electoral Institutions and Voter Turnout, 1920-2000, p. 155
4. Kousser, J. Morgan; The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910, p. 213
5. Kousser; The Shaping of Southern Politics, pp. 17-18
6. Web site: Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas. 1888 Presidential General Election Results – Georgia.
7. Géoelections; Presidential election of 1888 Popular Vote (.xlsx file for €15)
8. Géoelections; Popular Vote for Clinton Fisk (.xlsx file for €15)