1885 in architecture explained

The year 1885 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.

Events

• May – The original wooden structures of Hobson Block, West Union, Iowa, USA, are destroyed by fire, leading to construction of the present building.
• W. D. Caröe is appointed architect to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England.^[1]
• Construction of the Altare della Patria (Monumento Nazionale a Vittorio Emanuele II) in Rome, designed by Giuseppe Sacconi, begins; it will not be completed until 1925.

Buildings and structures

Buildings opened

• July 13 – New building for the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, designed by Pierre Cuypers.^[2]
• November 30 – London Pavilion variety theatre, designed by Robert Worley and James Ebenezer Saunders.
• December 27 – Church of St. Peter, Leipzig, designed by August Hartel and Constantin Lipsius.
• Castle Hotel, Conwy, Wales.
• Church of Saint Anthony of Padua, Busovača, Bosnia-Herzegovina.^[3]
• Vestermarie Church, Bornholm, Denmark.
• Metropole Hotel, London, designed by Francis Fowler and James Ebenezer Saunders.

Buildings completed

• Autumn – The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, Illinois, designed by William Le Baron Jenney. With ten floors and a fireproof weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first skyscraper.^[4]
• Academy of Athens (Greece), designed by Theophil Hansen in 1859.
• Holloway Sanatorium near Virginia Water in England, designed by William Henry Crossland.
• Sway Tower in Hampshire, England, designed by Andrew Peterson using concrete made with Portland cement. It remains the world's tallest non-reinforced concrete structure.^{[5] [6]}
• House for Kate Greenaway, Frognal, London, designed by Richard Norman Shaw.
• Elmside (house), Grange Road, Cambridge, England, designed by Edward Prior.
• Rebuilt Framingham Railroad Station in Framingham, Massachusetts, designed by H. H. Richardson.

Awards

• RIBA Royal Gold Medal – Heinrich Schliemann.
• Grand Prix de Rome, architecture: François Paul André.

Births

• February 23 – Yoshikazu Uchida, Japanese architect and structural engineer (died 1972)
• July 13 – Adolf Behne, German art historian, architectural writer and leader of the Avant Garde movement (died 1948)
• July 15 – Josef Frank, Austrian-born architect and designer (died 1967)
• July 29 – Sigurd Lewerentz, Swedish architect and furniture designer (died 1975)
• August 13 – Charles Howard Crane, American architect (died 1952)
• August 30 – Paul Gösch, German Expressionist artist, architect, lithographer and designer (died 1940)^{[7] [8]}
• September 22 – Gunnar Asplund, Swedish "Nordic Classicist" architect (died 1940)
• December 5 – Ernest Cormier, Canadian engineer and architect (died 1980)
• December 17 – Wells Coates, Canadian architect, designer and writer (died 1958)
• December 28 – Vladimir Tatlin, Russian painter and architect (died 1953)^[9]

Deaths

• February 1 – Henri Dupuy de Lôme, French naval architect (born 1816)
• March 9 – Matthew Ellison Hadfield, English Victorian Gothic architect (born 1812)
• May 22 – Théodore Ballu, French architect of public buildings (born 1817)
• May 28 – Horace King, US architect, engineer, and bridge builder.^[10]
• June 14 – William Tinsley, US-based Irish architect (born 1804)
• August 1 – Thomas Leverton Donaldson, British architect, co-founder and President of the Royal Institute of British Architects^[11]
• August 24 – Eduard Riedel, German architect and Bavarian government building officer (born 1813)
• September 2 – Giuseppe Bonavia, Maltese architect (born 1821)
• November 16 – Frederick Ernst Ruffini, US architect (born 1851)

Notes and References

1. Ian. MacAlister. Caröe, William Douglas (1857–1938). 2004. 2012-07-05. 10.1093/ref:odnb/32298.
2. Web site: Stadhouderskade 42. Rijksmuseum (1876/85) . Monumenten en Archeologie in Amsterdam . . 2013-03-24 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070209104451/http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksmuseum.html . February 9, 2007 .
3. http://www.bosnasrebrena.ba/v2010/samostani-i-zupe/samostansko-podrucje-fojnica/busovaca.html
4. Web site: Home Insurance Building. SkyscraperPage. 2011-06-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20110629092831/http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=10370. 29 June 2011. live.
5. Book: James, J.. All about Sway Tower. Lymington. Lymington Museum Trust. 1997.
6. Trout. Edwin. Sway Tower: an early example of high-rise concrete construction. Concrete. October 2002. 64–5.
7. Book: Pehnt, Wolfgang. Expressionist Architecture. Westport, CT. Praeger. 1973.
8. Book: Selz, Peter. German Expressionist Painting. Berkeley. University of California Press. 1957.
9. Book: Lynton, Norbert. Tatlin's Tower: Monument to Revolution. 2009. Yale University Press. New Haven. 978-0-300-11130-9. 1.
10. Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia, Horace King Historical Marker , retrieved November 3, 2007.
11. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,Oxford University Press, 2004. Accessed 10 Feb 2014.http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/7806