1885 in animation explained

Events in 1885 in animation.

Events

• Until Autumn 1885: From spring 1884 to Autumn 1885, Eadweard Muybridge and his team produced over 100,000 images,^[1] mostly at an outdoor studio on the grounds of the University of Pennsylvania's northeast corner of 36th and Pine, recording the motions of animals from the veterinary hospital, and from humans: University professors, students, athletes, Blockley Almshouse patients, and local residents.^[2] Thomas Eakins worked with him briefly, although the painter preferred working with multiple exposures on a single negative, whereas Muybridge preferred capturing motion through the use of multiple cameras.^[3] Since 1879, Muybridge was working on the zoöpraxiscope (animal action viewer), a projection device that created cyclical animations of animal movement, incorporating technologies from photography, the magic lantern and the zoetrope. The photographer created painted sequences on the glass zoöpraxiscope discs that were based on his motion-study photographs to produce an early form of animation. Muybridge used these to illustrate his lectures that were presented to audiences in the U.S. and Europe, marking his contribution to photography and film in relation to the "experience of time within modernity."^{[4] [5]}

Births

February

• February 22: Pat Sullivan, Australian animator, cartoonist, and film producer (Felix the Cat), (d. 1933).^{[6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]}

April

• April 3: Bud Fisher, American cartoonist (creator of the comic strip Mutt and Jeff, credited as the writer, animator, and director of the strip's animated adaptations which were released by the Fox Film Corporation, although the majority of the animation was instead created by Raoul Barré and Charles Bowers), (d. 1954).^{[13] [14] [15]}

August

• August 6: Harry O. Hoyt, American film director and screenwriter, pioneer in the use of stop-motion animation as special effects in film, (director of the film The Lost World, known primarily for its use of stop-motion animation), (d. 1961).^{[16] [17] [18]}

September

• September 14: Ashton B. Collins Sr., American inventor and marketer (creator of the character Reddy Kilowatt, producer on the animated film Reddy Made Magic, produced and released by Walter Lantz Productions), (d. 1976).^{[19] [20] [21] [22]}
• September 27: Clarence Wheeler, American composer (wrote music for Walter Lantz's and George Pal's cartoons, as well as Crusader Rabbit and Gumby), (d. 1966).^{[23] [24] [25]}

December

• December 22: Deems Taylor, American composer master of ceremonies in Fantasia, (d. 1966).

Notes and References

1. Book: Eadweard Muybridge . E. Muybridge, Animals in motion. An electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal progressive movements, 1899 . 1899 . Chapman & Hall . Mart - Archivio del '900.
2. Web site: A new way of thinking about motion, movement, and the concept of time . Penn Today . 17 February 2020 . University of Pennsylvania . 26 February 2022.
3. Book: Brookman . Philip . Braun . Marta . Keller . Corey . Solnit . Rebecca . Helios: Eadweard Muybridge in a Time of Change . 2010 . Steidl . Germany . 978-3-86521-926-8 . 83 . 27 February 2022.
4. Web site: Eadweard Muybridge: Defining Modernities . Arts and Humanities Research Council, Kingston University, London . 26 February 2022.
5. Web site: Motion Pictures: The Zoopraxiscope . Tate Museum . 26 February 2022.
6. Web site: Pat Sullivan. lambiek.net. May 21, 2020.
7. Dates per Pat Sullivan at the Lambiek Comiclopedia
8. Kevin Scott Collier. The Animated Silent Charlie Chaplin Cartoons. Cartoon Research (20 May 2019).
9. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_tov/ai_2419100434 Felix the Cat | St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture | Find Articles at BNET
10. Jefferson City Post-Tribune (16 February 1933) "Pat Sullivan Dies"
11. The Evening Tribune (16 February 1933) "'Felix' Creator Dies"
12. Book: Barrier . Michael . Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age . Oxford University Press . 2003 . 978-0-19-516729-0.
13. News: Harry C. (Bud) Fisher, Creator Of 'Mutt and Jeff,' Is Dead at 69; He Began Famous Comic Strip 'Early in Century--Owned 'String of Thoroughbreds. The New York Times. September 8, 1954. (abstract)
14. https://governmentcheese.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12:fairy-tale-flappers-animated-adaptations-of-little-red-and-cinderella-1922-1925&catid=11&Itemid=111 Fairy Tale Flappers: Animated Adaptations of Little Red and Cinderella (1922–1925)
15. Book: Lenburg . Jeff . The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons . 1999 . Checkmark Books . 0-8160-3831-7 . 6 June 2020 . 37–39.
16. Book: Alumni directory of Yale University: graduates and non-graduates. 1920. Yale University. New Haven. 521. 18 August 2015.
17. Web site: O'BRIEN, Willis – Cartoon Hall of Fame . . December 15, 2005 . February 2, 2012 . Nichols, Kelii.
18. Archer, Steve. Willis O'Brien: Special Effects Genius. McFarland & Company: Jefferson, 1993.
19. Web site: Reddy Kilowatt records . . 3 June 2022.
20. The Walter Lantz Cartune Encyclopedia: Miscellaneous Cartunes - http://lantz.goldenagecartoons.com/misc/
21. Reddy Kilowatt, Inc., The Reddy Kilowatt Story, 1963.
22. Reddy Kilowatt, Inc., Appellant, v. Mid-carolina Electric Cooperative, Inc., and National Ruralelectric Cooperative Association, Inc., Appellees, Decided Jan. 7, 1957 -http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/240/282/119473/
23. The Heritage Encyclopedia of Band Music: Composers and Their Music, Volume 2 By William H. Rehrig, Paul E. Bierley
24. Boxoffice magazine, June 3, 1944, pg. 66
25. ClassicThemes.com, http://www.classicthemes.com/50sTVThemes/themePages/crusaderRabbit.html