1881 in archaeology explained

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1881.

Explorations

• Alfred Maudslay begins his thorough examination of Quiriguá.

Excavations

• Timgad, Algeria, is excavated.
• The excavations at Olympia, Greece which began in 1875 and were led by Ernst Curtius end.^[1]
• Mount Nemrut, Turkey, is excavated by German engineer Karl Sester.
• Great Pyramid of Cholula in Mexico is investigated by Swiss-born American archaeologist Adolph Bandelier.
• Pyramid of Unas in Egypt is investigated by French archaeologist Gaston Maspero.

Finds

• March - Augustus Pitt Rivers finds palaeolithic flints in concreted gravels of the Nile terraces near Thebes.^[2]
• "Official" discovery of collective tomb DB320 at Deir el-Bahari in Egypt.
• Capt. H. L. Wells, RE, finds Qadamgah in Fars Province, Persia (Iran).
• The birch bark Bakhshali manuscript, incorporating perhaps the earliest known use of mathematical zero, is unearthed near Bakhshali in British India.

Publications

• John Evans - The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland.
• H. A. Fletcher - "The archaeology of the west Cumberland iron trade". Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Archaeological Society 5:5 - 21.
• Possible earliest use of the term "Industrial archaeology" in the English language.^[3]

Other events

• February 22 - 'Cleopatra's Needle' erected in Central Park, New York.^[4]

Births

• December 19 - Hetty Goldman, American archaeologist (d. 1972)^[5]

Deaths

• January 24 - Frances Stackhouse Acton, English botanist, archaeologist, artist and writer (b. 1794)^[6]
• May 19 - Joseph Barnard Davis, English craniologist (b. 1801)
• June 21 - Ferdinand Keller, Swiss archaeologist (b. 1800)

Notes and References

1. Web site: Olympia. britannica.com. 24 May 2017.
2. Book: Thompson, M. W.. General Pitt-Rivers: evolution and archaeology in the nineteenth century. registration. Bradford-on-Avon. Moonraker Press. 1977. 0-239-00162-1. 96.
3. Forest and Stream (New York) 1881-05-26 16:326; The Builder (London) 1881-08-06 41:164.
4. Web site: Briquelet. Kate. How Cleopatra's Needle got to Central Park. New York Post. 24 May 2017. 15 June 2014.
5. Web site: Hetty Goldman - Jewish Women's Archive. jwa.org. 1 October 2017. en.
6. Web site: Frances Stackhouse. discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk. 26 May 2017.