1880 in animation explained

Events in 1880 in animation.

Events

• June 4:Charles-Émile Reynaud presented a praxinoscope projection device at the Société française de photographie. He did not attempt to market his praxinoscope a projection before 1882. Only a handful of examples are known to still exist.^[1]
• Specific date unknown:
  • In 1880, Plastilin (or Plasteline) was patented in Germany by Franz Kolb. It was further developed by Claude Chavant in 1892 and trademarked in 1927.^[2] It is a form of modelling clay for use in building and sculpting.^[3] It is a precursor of plasticine, which would become the favourite product for clay animators, as it did not dry and harden (unlike normal clay) and was much more malleable than its harder and greasier Italian predecessor plasteline.^[4]
  • The Zoopraxiscope of Eadweard Muybridge was introduced in 1880 at the California School of Fine Arts.^[5] Muybridge did project moving images from his photographs with his Zoopraxiscope, from 1880 to 1895, but these were painted on discs and his technique was no more advanced than similar earlier demonstrations (for instance those by Franz von Uchatius in 1853).^[6] The first discs were painted on the glass in dark contours. Discs made between 1892 and 1894 had outlines drawn by Erwin Faber photographically printed on the disc and then colored by hand, but these discs were probably never used in Muybridge's lectures.^[7]

Births

January

• January 12: F. Percy Smith, British naturalist and filmmaker, pioneer of time-lapse photography, microphotography, microcinematography, and stop-motion animation (To Demonstrate How Spiders Fly, Fight for the Dardanelles), (d. 1945).^{[8] [9] [10] [11]}

April

• April 21: Tony Sarg, German-American puppeteer and illustrator (The First Circus, Tony Sarg's Almanac), (d. 1942).^{[12] [13] [14] [15] [16]}

May

• May 15: Antonio Rubino, Italian animation director, cartoonist, illustrator, playwright, and screenwriter, (directed the animated films Paese dei Ranocchi (The Land of the Frogs) and I sette colori (The Seven Colors), contributor to the Disney comics magazine Topolino which featured the character of Mickey Mouse), (d. 1964).^{[17] [18] [19] [20]}

September

• September 14: Earl Hurd, American animator, film director and comics artist (Bobby Bumps, co-creator of the cel animation technique which he patented in 1914, worked for J.R. Bray, The Van Beuren Corporation, Terrytoons, Ub Iwerks and the Walt Disney Company), (d. 1940).^{[21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26]}

October

• October 19: Scotty Mattraw, American actor (voice of Bashful in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs), (d. 1946).^[27]
• October 21: Viking Eggeling, Swedish avant-garde artist and filmmaker, pioneer of abstract animation (directed the animated short film Symphonie diagonale), (d. 1925).^{[28] [29] [30] [31] [32]}

Notes and References

1. Laurent Mannoni, The great art of light and shadow : archaeology of the cinema (1995)
2. Web site: Plasteline. sculpturetools.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20080820132041/http://www.sculpturetools.com/chavant/cart/plasteline.html. August 20, 2008. dead.
3. Putman, Brenda, (1939). The Sculptor’s Way: A Guide to Modelling and Sculpture. Farrar & Rinehart, Inc, New York, p. 8
4. Frierson. Michael. 1993. The Invention of Plasticine and the Use of Clay in Early Motion Pictures. Film History. 5. 2. 142–157. 27670717. 0892-2160.
5. Web site: Eadward Muybridge (1830–1904) . International Photography Hall of Fame . February 3, 2010.
6. Book: Lipton, Lenny . The Cinema in Flux: The Evolution of Motion Picture Technology from the Magic Lantern to the Digital Era . 2021-04-07 . Springer Nature . 978-1-0716-0951-4 . en.
7. Web site: Compleat Eadweard Muybridge - Muy Blog 2009. www.stephenherbert.co.uk . https://web.archive.org/web/20180119060646/http://www.stephenherbert.co.uk/muy%20blog3.htm . January 19, 2018.
8. Web site: Smith, Percy (1880-1945) . Bryony . Dixon . BFI Screenonline . 2011-04-24 .
9. Web site: Percy Smith . wildfilmhistory.org . 2011-04-24 .
10. Web site: Twenty famous films . 8 October 2023 . Charles Urban.
11. http://interactive.ancestry.co.uk/1904/32858_625537_2401-00155/14489779?backurl=http://person.ancestry.co.uk/tree/54018561/person/13602214093/facts/citation/42331986201/edit/record England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966 - Frank Percy Smith (1945)
12. Book: Lenburg . Jeff . The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons . 1999 . Checkmark Books . 0-8160-3831-7 . 6 June 2020 . 46.
13. News: . Tony Sarg is Dead; Artist, Puppeteer. The New York Times. New York City. 8 March 1942. 21 June 2018.
14. Web site: Preserved Projects. Academy Film Archive.
15. Web site: The First Circus . US Library of Congress: American Memory . May 25, 2011 .
16. Web site: The First Circus . Silent Era: Progressive Silent Film List . May 25, 2011 .
17. Book: Craig Yoe. Modern arf. 2008. Fantagraphics Books, 2005. 978-1560979128.
18. Book: Gaetana Marrone, Paolo Puppa (cured by). Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies. 26 December 2006. Routledge, 2006. 1135455309.
19. Web site: Antonio Rubino. Lambiek. 12 October 2014.
20. Book: Juliet Kinchin, Aidan O'Connor. Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900-2000. 2012. The Museum of Modern Art, 2012. 978-0870708268.
21. Web site: Earl Hurd.
22. Book: Telotte . J.P. . Animating Space: From Mickey to WALL-E . 2010 . University Press of Kentucky . 9780813139791 . 31 . 16 May 2020.
23. Book: Barrier, Michael. Hollywood cartoons : American animation in its golden age. Oxford University Press. 1999. 14–15. 978-0-19-503759-3 .
24. Web site: Innovative Animators: Early American Animation Featured in American Memory . . April 12, 2022.
25. Book: Lenburg, Jeff . Who's who in animated cartoons : an international guide to film & television's award-winning and legendary animators . 2006 . 149–150 . Hal Leonard Corporation . 9781557836717 .
26. Book: Bendazzi, Giannalberto . Cartoons: One hundred years of cinema animation . . 1994 . 0-253-20937-4 . Anna Taraboletti-Segre . 21 .
27. Book: Jerry Beck. The Animated Movie Guide. registration. 4 July 2013-->. 1 October 2005. Chicago Review Press. 978-156976-222-6. 257-.
28. Book: Motherwell. Robert. The Dada Painters and Poets. 1981. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Cambridge. xxxviii. 2nd.
29. Web site: Symphonie Diagonale by Viking Eggeling. . . 6 May 2011.
30. Louise O'Konor, Viking Eggeling, 1880 - 1925, Artist and Filmmaker: Life and Work, translated by Catherine G. Sundström and Anne Libby, Stockholm, Almqvist and Wiksell, 1971.
31. https://books.google.com/books?id=9pCzyQ9yOrkC&dq=survage%2C+%22symphonies+en+couleur%22+%22Rythmes+color%C3%A9s%22&pg=PA204 Daniel Meyer-Dinkgräfe, European Culture in a Changing World: Between Nationalism and Globalism, Cambridge Scholars Press, 2004
32. http://www.moma.org/collection/artist.php?artist_id=5735 Daniel Robbins, Grove Art Online, Oxford University Press, MoMA, 2009