| Election Name: | 1880 Missouri gubernatorial election |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1876 Missouri gubernatorial election |
| Previous Year: | 1876 |
| Next Election: | 1884 Missouri gubernatorial election |
| Next Year: | 1884 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1880 |
| Nominee1: | Thomas Theodore Crittenden |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 207,670 |
| Percentage1: | 52.23% |
| Nominee2: | David Patterson Dyer |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 153,636 |
| Percentage2: | 38.64% |
| Nominee3: | Luman Brown |
| Party3: | Greenback Party |
| Popular Vote3: | 36,340 |
| Percentage3: | 9.14% |
| Map Size: | 270px |
| Governor | |
| Before Election: | John S. Phelps |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Thomas Theodore Crittenden |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
The 1880 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1880 and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, former Congressman Thomas Theodore Crittenden, over the Republican candidate, former Congressman David Patterson Dyer, and Greenback nominee Luman A. Brown.
Missouri returned to electing its governor to a 4-year term, instead of a 2-year term.