| Election Name: | 1880 Illinois gubernatorial election |
| Country: | Illinois |
| Flag Year: | 1877 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | No |
| Previous Election: | 1876 Illinois gubernatorial election |
| Previous Year: | 1876 |
| Next Election: | 1884 Illinois gubernatorial election |
| Next Year: | 1884 |
| Nominee1: | Shelby Moore Cullom |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 314,565 |
| Percentage1: | 50.56% |
| Nominee2: | Lyman Trumbull |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 277,532 |
| Percentage2: | 44.61% |
| Map Size: | 300px |
| Governor | |
| Before Election: | Shelby Moore Cullom |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Shelby Moore Cullom |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
The 1880 Illinois gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1880.
Incumbent Republican Governor Shelby Moore Cullom defeated Democratic nominee Lyman Trumbull who won 50.56% of the vote. Cullom's victory was the seventh consecutive victory for the Republican Party.
Republican John Marshall Hamilton was elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. At this time in Illinois history, the Lieutenant Governor was elected on a separate ballot from the governor. This would remain so until the 1970 constitution.