| Election Name: | 1878 Texas gubernatorial election |
| Country: | Texas |
| Election Date: | November 5, 1878 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Previous Election: | 1876 Texas gubernatorial election |
| Previous Year: | 1876 |
| Next Election: | 1880 Texas gubernatorial election |
| Next Year: | 1880 |
| Image1: | File:Oran roberts.jpg |
| Candidate1: | Oran Milo Roberts |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 158,302 |
| Percentage1: | 66.7% |
| Candidate2: | W. H. Hamman |
| Party2: | Greenback Party |
| Popular Vote2: | 55,002 |
| Percentage2: | 21.2% |
| Image3: | File:Anthony Banning Norton (1860).jpg |
| Candidate3: | Anthony Banning Norton |
| Party3: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote3: | 23,712 |
| Percentage3: | 10.0% |
| Acting Governor | |
| Before Election: | Richard B. Hubbard |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Posttitle: | Governor-elect |
| After Election: | Oran Milo Roberts |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
The 1878 Texas gubernatorial election was held to elect the Governor of Texas. Acting Governor R. B. Hubbard did not seek re-election; he was succeeded by Oran Milo Roberts, who defeated William H. Hamman and Anthony Banning Norton.